DENNIS TOWNSHIP RECREATION CENTER ENERGY ...
DENNIS TOWNSHIP RECREATION CENTER ENERGY ASSESSMENT for NEW JERSEY BOARD OF PUBLIC UTILITIES
CHA PROJECT NO. 22690 July 2011 Prepared by:
6 Campus Drive Parsippany, NJ 07054 (973) 538‐2120
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0
INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND ……………………………………………1
2.0
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY …………………………………………………………2
3.0
AUDIT METHODOLOGY ………………………………………………………...4
4.0
EXISTING CONDITIONS …………………………………………………………5 4.1 Building Description 4.2 Utility Usage 4.3 Building Envelop Characteristics 4.4 HVAC Systems 4.5 Domestic Hot Water 4.6 Temperature Control Systems 4.7 Lighting Systems 4.8 Emergency Power 4.9 Plumbing Systems 4.10 HVAC Systems
5.0
ENERGY BENCHMARKING ………………………………………………………9
6.0
ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES ………………………………………..11 6.1 ECM-1 Lighting Replacement with Switched Control 6.2 ECM-2 Lighting Replacement with Motion Sensors 6.3 ECM-3 Replace Domestic Hot Water Systems 6.4 ECM-4 Space Temperature Optimization Program 6.5 ECM-5 Increase Attic Insulation R21 to R38 6.6 ECM-6 10KW Photovoltaic System
7.0
PROJECT INCENTIVES ……………………………………………………………16 7.1 Incentives Overview 7.2 Building Incentives
8.0
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SCREENING EVALUATION ………………………19 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7
9.0
Geothermal Solar Solar Thermal Wind Combined Heat and Power Generation (CHP) Biomass Power Generation Demand Response Curtailment
EPA PORTFOLIO MANAGER ………………………………………………..……25
10.0 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………26 10.1 Recommended Energy Conservation Measures 10.2 Energy Conservation Measures not Recommended for Implementation
APPENDICES A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N.
Building Information & Space Usage/Climate Zone 4 Energy Index Recommendation Table Utility Usage Analysis (Electric Supplier/National Gas Supplier Recommendation Table) Project Summary ECM-1 – Lighting Replacement with Switched Controls ECM-2 – Lighting with Occupancy Sensors ECM-3 – Replace Domestic Hot Water Systems ECM-4 – Space Temperature Optimization ECM-5 – Demand-Controlled Ventilation (DCV) Gymnasium ECM-6 – Photo Voltaic (PV) Solar Power Generation New Jersey Pay for Performance Incentive Program Solar Thermal Domestic Hot Water Plant Wind EPA Portfolio Manager Equipment Inventory
1.0
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
CHA, an approved Pay for Performance Partner, conducted a comprehensive energy audit of the Dennis Township Recreation Center. The audit included:
Documentation of energy sources, including electricity and propane Historical energy source data Energy systems: HVAC Lighting optimization and controls Building envelope Water conservation measures Utility rate and procurement analysis Demand reduction, load shedding/shifting opportunities Alternate energy technologies – distributed and renewables Energy Star Portfolio Manager Ranking Score Energy Use Intensity (EUI) Site/Source Building envelope and HVAC performance - Benchmarked to South NJ (Climate 4) Energy Conservation Guidelines
The primary goal of the energy audit was to identify sources of potential energy and cost savings. The New Jersey’s Clean Energy Program, funded by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities, supports energy efficiency and sustainability for Municipal and Local Government Energy Audits. Through the support of a utility trust fund, New Jersey is able to assist state and local authorities in reducing energy consumption while increasing comfort. This program supports energy efficiency and sustainability and provides rebate incentives for qualified prescriptive measures including:
Professional services for investment grade audits Replacement of lights, motors, HVAC systems and other qualifying prescriptive measures.
This report identified qualified incentive rebates provided under the New Jersey’s Clean Energy Program, funded by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities New Jersey SmartStart program) and the NJ Direct Install Program. For the calendar year of study, the Dennis Township Recreation Complex had an annual utility cost of $23,300 including electric and propane energy usage. Atlantic City Electric is the provider for electricity and Modern Gas Company for propane gas. Review of electricity bills indicated that the center was charged at the following rates: supply unit cost of $0.124 per kWh; demand unit cost of $8.22 per kW; and blended unit cost of $0.183 per kWh. Electrical usage was generally higher in the summer months when air conditioning equipment was operational. A review of propane gas bills indicated that the center was charged at an annual blended unit cost of $2.0 per therm. Water conservation measures were not considered because the building’s water consumption is well water-based and is not utility billed. Septic systems are used for sewer waste.
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 1 of 26
2.0
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Recommended Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) for the Dennis Township Recreation Center are presented in this report section. The following Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) were evaluated for energy savings potential:
Lighting upgrades with switched lighting or occupancy controls Replacement of Domestic Hot Water Generator Install Demand Control - Gymnasium Photovoltaic 10KW ground mounted solar array
Potential annual savings of $5,500 with implementation of the recommended Energy Conservation Measures result in a program payback of 2.5 years. The ECMs identified in this report will allow the building to reduce energy usage and, if pursued, have the opportunity for Dennis Township to qualify for funding through the New Jersey SmartStart Buildings Program and Direct Install Program. For the Recreation Center, the Direct Install Program brings the simple payback of all measures from about 6.3 years, to approximately 2.5 years. If approved for the maximum $50,000 in funds through the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant, Dennis Township would receive funding for the total project implementation costs of $ 34,500 excluding ECM-6 “Photovoltaic Power Generation”. A summary of the costs, savings, and paybacks, and return on investment (ROI) for the ECMs are summarized Tables 2A & 2B. Energy Conservation Measure
ECM-1
ECM-2
ECM-3 ECM-4
ECM-5 ECM-6
Lighting Replacement with Switched Control Lighting Replacement with Occupancy Sensors Replace Domestic Hot Water Heater Space Temperature Optimization for AC-1 & AC-2 Demand Control Gymnasium Photovoltaic (PV) Power Generation
Budgetary Implementation Cost ($)
Approx. Annual Savings ($)
Payback w/o Incentive
Potential Incentive * ($)
ROI
Payback w/ Incentive
Recommended for Implementation (X)
21,900
3,700
5.9
13,100
1.5
2.4
25,000
4,100
6.1
15,000
1.5
2.4
4,500
300
17.0
300
(.4)
15.9
1,500
600
2.4
900
5.3
0.9
X
8,000
700
10.9
4,800
0.4 -
4.4
X
80,000
2,300
>25
4,900
5.5
(See Note1)
(See ECM2)
X
TABLE 2A * Incentive shown is the maximum amount potentially available per the NJ SmartStart or Direct Install Programs. Note 1: While the payback period with incentives is within the parameters for recommended measures, further investigation of possible installation locations, required system maintenance, and ground mounted installation costs need to be developed prior to consideration for implementation. See report section 8.2.1 and Appendix I. Dennis Township should also pursue alternative funding under the Solar Power Service Provider (SPPA) program as outlined in Section 8.2.2
Table 2B represents the overall ECM program implementation cost, savings, payback and ROI: New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 2 of 26
Annual Utility Savings Electricity
Budgetary ECM-ID
Propane Gas
Implementation Cost ($)
kW
kWh
Therms
ECM-2
25,000
8.8
26,200
0
ECM-4
1500
0
1,586
171
ECM-5
8,000
0
64
361
Program Totals
34,500
8.8
27,850
532
Implementation Cost with Incentives
Payback without Incentives
Payback with Incentives
Total Savings
Potential Incentives
$
$
$
Years
Years
ECM-2
4,100
15,000
10,000
12.2
4.8
ECM-4
600
900
600
1.9
.8
ECM-5
700
4,800
3,200
10.9
4.4
5,500
20,7000
13,800
6.3
2.5
ECM-ID
Program Totals
Useful Life ECM-ID
Projected Life Savings
ROI
Years
kWh/Kw
Therms
ECM-2
1.5
15
393,000/8.8
0
61,500
ECM-4
5.3
15
23,790/0
2,570
9,500
ECM-5
0.4
15
960
5,420
11,000
417,750
7,990
82,000
Program Totals
$
TABLE 2B Note: ECM-2 Lighting Replacements with Occupancy Sensors, ECM-4 Space Temperature Optimization ECM-5 Demand-Controlled Ventilation
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 3 of 26
3.0
AUDIT METHODOLOGY
Data collection included the following:
Photographs and field notes Specific information regarding the type of construction, building envelope, glass, air infiltration and other pertinent envelope factors Inventory of mechanical systems, condition, and remaining useful life Inventory of energy consuming devices and usage patterns List of building components that will be useful in future budget planning and to prioritize implementation of targeted energy performance enhancements Interviews with the Facility Director and building occupants Room-by-room lighting inventory Units of consumption obtained from Dennis Township Business Office, as well as history of the last 12 months’ usage from Atlantic City Electric and Modern Gas utility bills Collected data was entered into the Trace Energy Analysis Program to effectively analyze how the building is performing, and recommendations developed to reduce energy consumption and costs
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 4 of 26
4.0
EXISTING CONDITIONS
4.1
Building Description
The Township of Dennis Recreation Center is a 10,600 square foot, single story facility constructed in 1996. The offices and support areas operate approximately 2,500 hours per year, 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM, Monday through Friday. The gymnasium operates approximately 2,600 hours per year, including Saturday and evenings. The office area has an occupancy of approximately five persons. The gymnasium has a maximum occupancy of approximately 100 people. Space utilization is as follows: 4.2
Support Offices Staff Room Restrooms Vestibule Gymnasium Utility Usage
Utilities include electricity, propane gas, and potable water. Electricity is delivered by Atlantic City Electric. Propane gas is delivered by Modern Gas. Potable water is provided by well water and is not utility billed. For the calendar year, the center’s electrical usage was 73,500 kWh at a cost of approximately $13,500. A review of electricity bills indicated that the center was charged at the following rates: supply unit cost of $0.124 per kWh; demand unit cost of $8.22 per kW; and a blended unit cost of $0.183 per kWh. Electrical usage was generally higher in the summer months when air conditioning equipment was operational. See Appendix B. Propane gas-fired equipment, including AC-1, AC-2, HVU 1, HUV-2, duct heaters, and the hot water generator consumed approximately 5,200 gallons of propane gas at an annual cost of $9,800. The blended annual cost for propane was $1.88/gallon representing an annual rate of $2.0 per therm. Propane gas delivery is on a spot delivery basis; therefore, no monthly consumption patterns are provided. Appendix B contains the detailed utility analysis. Third party suppliers of electricity and propane gas are procurement options for Dennis Township to consider. A list of approved electrical and propane gas energy commodity suppliers is provided in Appendix B. The Recreation Center has five electric meters. Electric meters for site parking, sewer ejector pumps, and road sign are not part of this energy audit. 4.3
Building Envelope Characteristics
4.3.1
Support Areas (Offices, Staff Room, Restrooms, and Vestibule)
Exterior walls are constructed with 24 gauge fluted wall panels, 1” thermal block, R-19 insulation, metal studs, and 5/8” gypsum board Ceiling construction is lay-in ceiling tiles in the office area and restrooms Roof construction is 24 ga. sheet metal seam with R-19 insulation Glass is 5/8”: double glazed Exterior doors are insulated steel Eight skylights provide natural daylight
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4.3.2
Gymnasium
The gymnasium is steel construction manufactured by American Building Company. The steel ceiling and wall beams are prefabricated and field erected.
Exterior walls are constructed with 24 ga. fluted wall panels, 1” thermal block, R-19 insulation, metal studs and draped R-19 blanketed insulation. Roof construction is 24 gauge sheet metal seam with R-19 insulation Exterior doors are insulated steel The overhead door is insulated metal roll-up
The Recreation Center envelope and construction indicated that the facility is well maintained and no issues of deterioration exist. A typical cross section of the gymnasium is provided in Appendix D. 4.4
HVAC Systems
Air handlers AC-1 and AC-2 are ceiling suspended and located in the Staff Room. AC-1 provides conditioned supply air to the support office area; AC-2 to the Staff Room, restrooms, and restroom hallway. The units consist of a DX coil for air conditioning and propane gas furnaces for space heating. AC-1 and AC-2 heating and cooling system characteristics are summarized in the tables below: Cooling Capacity DX Coil 18 MBH
System ID AC 1 & AC-2
Rest Room Exhaust Fan EF-3
Heating Capacity Supply Air Gas Duct Furnace CFM 40 MBH 1,500 AC-1 & AC-2 Data
Exhaust Air CFM 700 Exhaust Fan EF-3 Data
Out Air CFM 500
Motor HP 1/8
The gymnasium HV units were replaced in 2011 and upgraded to DX air conditioning units. AHU-1 and AHU-2 heating and cooling system characteristics are summarized in the tables below:
System ID AHU 1 & 2
Cooling Capacity 248 MBH
System ID CU-1 CU-2
Heating Capacity Gas Duct Supply Furnace CFM Motor HP 280 MBH 8000 5.0 (Output) AHU 1&2 Gymnasium Units System Data Total Cooling Sensible Cooling Capacity Capacity EER 248 MBH 205 10.3 248 MBH 205 10.3 AHU 1&2 Gymnasium Condensing Unit Schedule
Outside Air CFM Max/Min 1,500/1,000
Service AHU-1 AHU-1
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 6 of 26
System ID AHU 1 & 2
Square Feet Design Ventilation Ventilation Coverage Area CFM Rate 8,800 16,000 15 CFM/Person AHU-1 & 2 Gymnasium Units Ventilation Data
Number of Occupants 100
The building’s exhaust air requirements are provided by exhaust fans EF-1, EF-2, and EF-3 as summarized below: System ID EF-1 EF-2 EF-3
Exhaust Air CFM 2,700 2,700 700
HP 1/4 1/4 1/8
Service Area Gymnasium Gymnasium Restrooms
The air handlers, outside air condensers, duct fired heaters, DX cooling coils, and exhaust fans are well maintained. 4.5
Domestic Hot Water
A Bradford White 40 gallon propane gas fired hot water heater, located in the Staff Room, provides the building’s restrooms hot water requirements. System capacity is 38,000 BTU/hr input with a system efficiency of 80%. An Energy Conservation Opportunity exists to replace the hot water storage generator with a tankless, propane gas-fired equivalent. Energy Star tankless condensing hot water heaters having a nominal efficiency ratings of 94% and eliminate standby losses. 4.6
Temperature Control Systems
Thermostat settings for AC-1 and AC-2 have heating occupied setpoints of 70°F occupied and 68°F unoccupied. Thermostat settings for AHU-1 and AHU-2 have heating occupied setpoints of 70°F occupied and 62°F unoccupied. Cooing setpoints were not available and could not be established during the energy audit. 4.7
Lighting Systems
The majority of lighting fixtures throughout the Recreation Center support area have T-12 fluorescent lamps. Fixtures are (2 x 4) 4-lamp T12, (1 x 4) 2-lamp fixtures, and three 75 watt spot downlights in the entrance hallway. The T-12 lighting fixtures have magnetic ballasts and 4’ 34 watt T-12 fluorescent lamps. Interior lighting is manually controlled by wall switches. In addition, exit signs have compact florescent lamps. Exterior lighting fixtures are metal halide for site lighting. The gymnasium lighting fixtures are high-bay 400 watt metal halide. 4.8
Emergency Power
Emergency backup power is not provided.
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 7 of 26
4.9
Plumbing Systems
All plumbing fixtures are standard flow typical for the 1990s, and in good condition. More water-efficient flush valves and faucets could be installed to reduce water usage. However, since the complex uses wellwater supplied at no charge, there are no monetary benefits from reduced water usage. Therefore, ECMs for water conservation were not evaluated.
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 8 of 26
5.0
ENERGY BENCHMARKING
The Recreation Center energy consumption and costs were compared to several benchmarks including:
US Department of Energy Star Energy performance rating establish by Portfolio Manger - Scale 0 to 100% Energy Use Intensity (EUI) building’s overall fuel consumption: (BTU/SF) Cost of Energy per Square Foot (Utility Costs/SF) Building Envelope and HVAC Performance - benchmarked to South NJ (Climate 4) Energy Conservation Guidelines (Appendix A)
Energy Star is a benchmarking program offered by the US Dept. of Energy. It collects data for specific geographic regions and compares the results. If a building maintains a 75 rating or higher, it can receive recognition as an EnergyStar compliant building. The EnergyStar rating for the Recreation Center was not scored by the Portfolio Manger program since there were not sufficient building types for comparison in the Portfolio Manger data base. See Section 9.0 and Appendix L. The Recreation Center Site and Source EUI index were determined as follows: Annual Electric (kWh) 73,500
Annual Electric Annual Propane (kBTU) (Gallons) 250,782 5,200 Total kBTU Building SF 726,582 10,600 Energy Use Intensity (EUI) - Site Energy
Annual Propane (kBTU) 475,800 BTU/SF 68,545
Conversion Factors: 1 kWh = 3,412 BTUs 1 gallon propane = 91,500 BTU (American Gas Association) Electricity Costs: 18.3 ¢/kWh Propane Costs: $2.0/Therm Annual Electric (kWh) 73,500
Annual Electric Annual Propane (kBTU) (Gallons) 837,612 5200 Total kBTU Building SF 1,318,170 10,600 Energy Use Intensity (EUI) - Source Energy
Annual Propane (kBTU) 480,558 BTU/SF 124,356
Fuel Type Source-Site Ratio Electricity (Grid Purchase) 3.340 Propane 1.01 Source-Site Ratios for Portfolio Manager Fuels (Pre-ECM Implementation) When primary energy is consumed on site, the conversion to source energy must account for losses that are incurred in the storage, transport, and delivery of fuel to the building. When secondary energy is consumed on site, the conversion must account for losses incurred in the production, transmission, and New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 9 of 26
delivery to the site. The factors used to restate primary and secondary energy in terms of the total equivalent source energy units are known as the source-site ratios. At a site EUI of 68,550 BTU/SF, the center’s EUI is higher than benchmark values between 55,000 65,000 BTU/SF. See Appendix A. For the calendar year, the Recreation Center had annual utility costs of approximately $23,300 [$13,500 for Electricity + $9,800 for Propane Gas] Total Utility Costs per Square Foot = $23,300/ 10,600 SF = $2.20 $/SF The Recreation Center Site and Source EUI post implementation index was determined as follows: Annual Electric (kWh) 45,650
Annual Electric (kBTU) 155,757 Building SF TOTAL kBTU 10,600 578,358 Energy Use Intensity (EUI) - Source Energy
Annual Propane (kBTU) 422,600 BTU/SF 54,562
The Recreation Center has projected annual utility costs savings of $5,500 [Post Implementation Excluding Solar] Total Utility Costs per square foot = $17,800/ 10,600 SF = $1.70 $/SF [Post Implementation] At 54,500 BTU/SF the Recreation Center Energy Use Intensity (EUI) is below the benchmark value of 55,000 BTU/SF.
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 10 of 26
6.0
ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES
6.1
ECM -1 Lighting Upgrades – Switched Lighting Controls
A comprehensive room-by-room lighting fixture survey was conducted, which included the existing number of fixtures, locations, and wattages. The survey is summarized in an Excel spreadsheet in Appendix D. Table 6A includes the recommended lighting fixtures retrofit measures that were identified to utilize more efficient lighting and provide electrical energy savings. Existing Fixture Type
Recommended Retrofit
2 x 4 ft - 4 lamp T12
Retrofit to: 2 x 4 ft 2-lamp T8 (4ft) with reflector
1 X 4 ft - 1 lamp T12 Suspended
Retrofit to: 1 lamp T8 Suspended
75 watt Incandescent
Replace with: 9 watt LED Par 20
400 Watt Metal Halid
Replace with: 6 lamp T5 High Bay High Output
None Presently
Install: Desk Task Light 9 watt LED (2 Office Desks) TABLE 6A
Energy savings for this measure were calculated by comparing the existing and proposed fixture wattages to estimated time of operation. The difference between energy requirements resulted in a total annual savings of 22,700 kWh with an electrical demand reduction of approximately 8.8 kW. Supporting calculations, including assumptions for lighting hours and annual energy usage for each fixture, are provided in Appendix D. The comprehensive lighting survey determined that lighting in several areas such as restrooms, offices, and kitchen, are not provided with occupancy sensors and are manually switched controlled. To conform to ASHRAE 90.1 standards and recommendations of Climate Zone 4 energy standards, occupancy sensors are recommended for all switched lighting control fixtures, see ECM-2. Desktop task LED lighting is recommended for the two offices. The implementation cost and savings related this ECM are presented in Appendix D and summarized below: ECM-1 Lighting Replacements with Switched Control Budgetary Implementation Cost
Annual Utility Savings ECM 1
Electricity
Total Savings
ROI
Potential Incentives*
Implementation Cost with Incentives
Payback (without Incentive)
Payback (with Incentive)
$
$
Years
Years
13,100
8,760
5.9
2.4
Natural Gas
$
kW
kWh
Therms
$
21,900
8.8
22,700
0
3,700
1.5
* Incentive shown is per the New Jersey Direct Install Program. (60% funding) See section 7.0 for other incentive opportunities.
15 Year Projected life savings result in 340,500 Kwh, 132 kW, and $55,350 New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 11 of 26
6.2
ECM-2 Lighting Replacements with Occupancy Sensors
The implementation cost and savings related this ECM are presented in Appendix E and summarized below: ECM-2 Lighting Replacements with Occupancy Sensors Budgetary Implementation Costs
Annual Utility Savings ECM 2
Electricity
Total Savings
ROI
Potential Incentives*
Implementation Cost with Incentives
Payback (without Incentive)
Payback (with Incentive)
$
$
Years
Years
15,000
10,000
6.1
2.4
Natural Gas
$
kW
kWh
Therms
$
25,000
8.8
26,200
0
4,100
1.5
* Incentive shown is per the New Jersey Direct Install Program. (60% funding) See section 7.0 for other incentive opportunities.
15 Year Projected life savings result in 393,000 kWh, 132 KW and $61,500 Lighting replacement with occupancy sensors is recommended. This ECM will bring the Recreation Center lighting system into compliance to AHSRAE 90.1 criteria. 6.3
ECM-3 Replace Domestic Hot Water Heater
Domestic hot water (DHW) for the building is generated by a 30 gallon Bradford White Industries 38,000 Btuh propane gas-fired water heater. During idle periods, the hot water unit must maintain the tank water temperature to the setting of the aquastat, presently set at 140°F. Thermal energy required to maintain the 40 gallon temperature setpoint during times of zero demand is known as standby losses. This measure evaluated replacing the existing DHW heater with a tankless, propane gas-fired, condensing hot water (HW) heater to eliminate standby losses and produce DHW more efficiently. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, 2.5% of stored capacity is lost every hour during HW heater standby. This value was applied to the total volume of the existing DHW heater storage tank to determine the annual standby losses. Proposed efficiency was based on the Takagi Flash TM-50 tankless, condensing hot water heater. Capacity is 380,000 BTU LP, thermal efficiency 82%, and GPM .5 to 14.5. It was calculated that 130 therms would be saved per year with implementation of this ECM. A more detailed hot water demand analysis may be necessary to verify proper sizing. The new water heater will require gas and water piping modifications, venting, and electrical connections. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix F and summarized as follows:
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 12 of 26
ECM- 3 Replace Domestic Hot Water Heater Budgetary Implementation Costs
Annual Utility Savings ECM 3
Electricity
Total Savings
ROI
Potential Incentives*
Implementation Cost with Incentives
Payback (without Incentive)
Payback (with Incentive)
$
$
Years
Years
300
4,200
17.0
14.0
Natural Gas
$
kW
kWh
Therms
$
4,500
0
0
130
300
(0.4)
* Incentive shown is per the New Jersey Smart Start Program, Gas Water Heating Application. Basis $300 per tankless hot water heater. See section 7.0 for other incentive opportunities.
10 Year Projected life savings results in 1,300 therms and $2,600. This measure is not recommended for implementation. Payback greater than 10 years. 6.4
ECM -4 Space Temperature Optimization Program
The building’s existing temperature control for AC-1 and AC-2 has setpoints for heating and cooling that are set manually. Existing heating season setpoints are 70°F for occupied and 68°F unoccupied mode. Occupied and unoccupied cooling temperature setpoints were not available and could not be established during the energy audit since they are manually changed on a seasonal basis. Energy savings can be realized by installing a 7-day programmable thermostat and a control system to monitor outside air (OA) temperature. Below 55°F, the DX air conditioning compressor would be locked out for space cooling. Above 65°F, the gas duct furnaces would be locked out for space heating. A deadband temperature range of approximately 10°F, between 65°F and 55°F, would be implemented as an energy control scheme. Adaptive control to monitor outside temperature and correlation with required indoor temperature would be provided for occupant comfort. Occupied setpoints of 70°F for heating and 74°F for cooling, and unoccupied temperature setpoints of 60°F for heating and 78°F for cooling would be programmed into the building’s temperature control system. The adaptive control sequence would provide morning warm-up (heating season) and morning cooldown (cooling season) to achieve occupied temperatures between unoccupied and occupied time periods. To calculate the energy savings from implementation of a space temperature optimization program, the TRACE energy analysis program was used. The TRACE Alternate 1 (Existing Conditions) model was developed based on existing system conditions including wall, glass, and ceiling construction; people density; outside air ventilation requirements and infiltration factors; occupancy schedulers; and internal lighting loads based on implementation of the ECM-2 lighting program. This methodology establishes the interdependency of the ECM-2 lighting reduction to ECM- 4 temperature optimization program. Cape May County, NJ weather data was used in the energy analysis and the following AHSRAE design conditions were in the calculations. Winter Design Drybulb
Summer Design Drybulb
Summer Design Wetbulb
13.6°F
88.6°F
73.6°F
The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix G and summarized as follows: New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 13 of 26
ECM-4 Space Temperature Optimization Program Budgetary Implementation Costs
Annual Utility Savings ECM 4
Electricity
Total Savings
ROI
Potential Incentives*
Implementation Cost with Incentives
Payback (without Incentive)
Payback (with Incentive)
$
$
Years
Years
900
600
2.4
0.9
Natural Gas
$
kW
kWh
Therms
$
1,500
0
1,590
170
600
5.3
* Incentive shown is per the New Jersey Direct Install Program. (60% funding) See section 7.0 for other incentive opportunities.
15 Year Projected life savings result in 23,790 kWh, 2570 therms, and $9,500. 6.5
ECM-5 Install Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) in Gymnasium
The recreational gymnasium’s HVAC requirement is provided by air handlers AHU-1 and AHU-2. Each unit has a supply design cfm of 8,000 and minimum OA of 500 cfm. Each unit’s maximum outdoor air is 750 cfm. Table 4.1 summarizes the ventilation data for the two units.
System ID AHU 1 & 2
Design Square Feet Ventilation Number of Coverage Area CFM Ventilation Rate Occupants 8,800 16,000 15 CFM/Person 100 Table 4.1 AHU-1 &2 Gymnasium Units Ventilation Data
Max/Min Outside Air CFM 1500/1000
Demand control ventilation (DCV) is a strategy that adjusts the quantity of OA supplied to a zone based on the number of occupants and the ventilation rate required to provide adequate indoor air quality. The HVAC systems are design for the maximum number of occupants in a space; however, these spaces are rarely used to full capacity. Since the gymnasium has highly variable occupancy, a significant amount of heating and cooling energy can be saved by supplying the required amount of ventilation air to satisfy the requirements at lower occupancy density levels. A control strategy for implementing DCV is to install carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors that measure concentrations and vary the volume of OA accordingly. When gymnasium occupancy increases, CO2 concentrations increase, providing a signal to the HVAC system and OA volumes will rise. For spaces served by an air handler with highly variable occupancy, DCV saves energy and helps control moisture and mold by reducing the quantity of humid OA when it is not needed for ventilation. CO2 sensors are proposed for each unit at 5 foot space height level (human breathing zone) and in the return air ducts. These sensors must be periodically calibrated to maintain accuracy. Based on occupancy of 20 people, it was determined that the average required amount of OA within the gymnasium during occupied hours is about 250 cfm. Implementation of this measure requires installation of OA damper controls on the two AHUs serving the gymnasium and installing CO2 sensors in the conditioned space and within the return air ducts. Upgrades to the OA damper actuators are required and Direct Digital Controls to modulate the OA damper position based on the CO2 readings. Install VFD drives on Exhaust fans Savings for this measure will result from reduced OA rates during occupied hours from a minimum of 750 cfm to 250 cfm per unit.
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 14 of 26
The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix H and summarized as follows: ECM-5 Demand-Controlled Ventilation (Gymnasium) Annual Utility Savings ECM 5
Budgetary Implementation Costs
Electricity
Total Savings
ROI
Potential Incentives*
Implementation Cost with Incentives
Payback (without Incentive)
Payback (with Incentive)
Years
Years
10.9
4.4
Natural Gas
$
kW
kWh
Therms
$
$
8,000
0
64
360
700
0.4
4,800
$
3,200
* Incentive shown is per the New Jersey Direct Install Program. (60% funding) See section 7.0 for other incentive opportunities.
15 Year Projected life savings result in 960 kWh, 5420 Therms, and $11,025 6.6
ECM-6 Photovoltaic (PV) Rooftop Solar Power Generation 10 kW System
This ECM is developed in Section 8.2.1 with supporting calculations in Appendix I. While the payback period is within the parameters for recommended measures, further investigation of possible installation locations, required system maintenance, and ground mounted installation costs are need to be developed prior to consideration for implementation. Ground-mounted solar systems typically require additional racking and mounting equipment, which increases the cost of the solar ray installation. Usable space on the Recreation Center property to accommodate a ground-mounted solar energy system must be established. Ground-mounted solar energy systems have added costs for supporting structures and trenching. Trenching is required to bury electrical wiring that runs from the solar panels to the place of utility interconnect. Unforeseen added costs for a ground mounted solar array could be substantial. Photovoltaic (PV) Rooftop Solar Power Generation – 10 kW System (ECM-6) Annual Utility Savings ECM-6 Total Savings
Budgetary Cost
Electricity $
kW
kWh
80,000
0
12,503
Propane Gas Therms 0
New Jersey Renewable Energy Incentive*
New Jersey Renewable SREC**
$
$
Payback (without incentive)
Payback (with incentives)
Years
Years
>25
8.6
Total $ 2,300
$ 2,300
7,500
6,100
*Incentive based on New Jersey Renewable Energy Program for non-residential applications of $ .75 per watt of installed capacity ** Estimated Solar Renewable Energy Certificate Program (SREC) for 15 years at $487/1000 kWh Note 1: Total annual savings Kwh ($2,300) + Annual SREC Credits ($6100) = Total Annual Cost Savings ($8,400) Implementation Costs after incentives = $80,000 - $7,500 = $72,500
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 15 of 26
7.0
PROJECT INCENTIVES
7.1
Incentives Overview
7.1.1
New Jersey Pay For Performance Program
The Recreation Center will be eligible for incentives from the New Jersey Office of Clean Energy. The most significant incentives will be from the New Jersey Pay for Performance (P4P) Program. The P4P program is designed for qualified energy conservation projects in facilities whose demand in any of the preceding 12 months exceeds 200 kW. However, the 200 kW/month average minimum has been waived for buildings owned by local governments or municipalities and non-profit organizations. Facilities that meet this criterion must also achieve a minimum performance target of 15% energy reduction by using the EPA Portfolio Manager benchmarking tool before and after implementation of the measure(s). If the participant is a municipal electric company customer, and a customer of a regulated gas New Jersey Utility, only gas measures will be eligible under the Program. American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funding, when available, may allow oil, propane and municipal electric customers to be eligible for the P4P Program. Available incentives are as follows: Incentive #1: Energy Reduction Plan This incentive is designed to offset the cost of services associated with the development of the Energy Reduction Plan (ERP). The standard incentive pays $0.10 per square foot, up to a maximum of $50,000, not to exceed 50% of facility annual energy cost, paid after approval of application. For building audits funded by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities, which receive an initial 100% incentive toward performance of the energy audit, facilities are only eligible for an additional $0.05 per square foot, up to a maximum of $25,000, rather than the standard incentive noted above. Incentive #2: Installation of Recommended Measures This incentive is based on projected energy saving and designed to pay up to 60% of the total performance-based incentive. Base incentives deliver $0.11/kWh and $1.10/therm not to exceed 30% of total project cost. Incentive #3: Post-Construction Benchmarking Report This incentive is paid after acceptance of a report proving energy savings over one year utilizing the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Portfolio Manager benchmarking tool. Incentive #3 base incentives deliver $0.07/kWh and $0.70/therm not to exceed 20% of total project cost. 7.1.2
New Jersey Smart Start Program
For this program, prescriptive incentives for energy conservation measures are calculated on an individual basis utilizing the 2011 New Jersey Smart Start incentive program. This program provides incentives dependent upon mechanical and electrical equipment. If applicable, incentives from this program are reflected in the ECM summaries and attached appendices. If the building qualifies and enters into the New Jersey Pay for Performance Program, all energy savings will be included in the total building energy reduction, and savings will be applied towards the Pay for Performance incentive. A project is not applicable for both New Jersey incentive programs.
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 16 of 26
7.1.3
Energy Efficient and Conservation Block Grant
Following is a brief summary of the Energy Efficient and Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) program. The Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Complete Program Application Package should be consulted for rules and regulations. Additional funding is available to local government entities through the EECBG, a part of New Jersey’s Clean Energy program (NJCEP). The grant is for local government entities only, and can offset the cost of energy reduction implementation to a maximum of $20,000 per building. This program is provided in conjunction with NJCEP funding and any utility incentive programs; the total amount of the three incentives combined cannot exceed 100% of project cost. Funds shall first be provided by NJCEP, followed by the EECBG and any utility incentives available to the customer. The total amount of the incentive shall be determined TRC Solutions, a third party technical consulting firm for the NJCEP. In order to receive EECBG incentives, local governments must not have received a Direct Block Grant from the US Department of Energy. A list of the 512 qualifying municipalities and counties is provided on the NJCEP website. Qualifying municipalities must participate in at least one eligible Commercial & Industrial component of the NJCEP, utility incentive programs, or install building shell measures recommended by the Local Government Energy Audit Program. Eligible conservation programs through NJCEP include:
Direct Install Pay for Performance NJ SmartStart Buildings for measures recommended by a Local Government Energy Audit (LGEA) or an equivalent audit completed within the last 12 months Applicants may propose to independently install building shell measures recommended by a LGEA or an equivalent audit. The audit must have been completed within the past 12 months. Any eligible utility energy efficiency incentive program
Most facilities owned or leased by an eligible local government within the State of New Jersey are eligible for this grant. Ineligible facilities include casinos or other gambling establishments, aquariums, zoos, golf courses, swimming pools, and any building owned or leased by the United States Federal Government. New construction is also ineligible. 7.1.4
ARRA Initiative “Energy Efficiency Programs through the Clean Energy Program
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Initiative is available to New Jersey oil, propane, cooperative and municipal electric customers who do not pay the Societal Benefits Charge. This charge can be seen on any electric bill as the line item “SBC Charge.” Applicants can participate in this program in conjunction with other New Jersey Clean Energy Program initiatives including Pay for Performance, Local Government Energy Audits, and Direct Install programs. Funding for this program is dispersed on a first come, first serve basis until all funds are exhausted. The program does not limit the municipality to a minimum or maximum incentive, and the availability of funding cannot be determined prior to application. If the municipality meets all qualifications, the application must be submitted to TRC Energy Solutions for review. TRC will then determine the amount of the incentive based on projected energy savings of the project. It is important to note that all applications for this incentive must be submitted before implementation of energy conservation measures. Additional information is available on New Jersey’s Clean Energy Program website.
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 17 of 26
7.2
Qualified Building Incentives
7.2.1
New Jersey Pay For Performance Program
Under incentive #1 of the New Jersey Pay for Performance Program, the Recreation Center 10,600 square foot building is eligible for about $530 (@.$05/sf) toward development of an Energy Reduction Plan. When calculating the total amount under Incentives #2 and #3, all energy conservation measures are applicable as the amount received is based on building wide energy improvements. The Recreation Center is eligible to receive monies based as discussed above in section 7.1.1. Incentives available through the NJ P4P program are provided in Appendix J. 7.2.2
New Jersey Smart Start Program
The Recreation Center is eligible for several incentives available under New Jersey Smart Start Programs. Prescriptive Measures include:
High Efficiency Lighting High Efficiency Motors Gas Water Heating HVAC Upgrades
Since Incentives cannot be obtained under multiple NJCEP programs. Incentives were compared to the Direct Install Program and the highest incentive from other programs was compared for inclusion in the payback calculations. 7.2.3
Energy Efficient and Conservation Block Grant
The Recreation Center is owned by local government which makes it eligible for this incentive. The incentive amount is determined by TRC Solutions and has a maximum value of $50,000. Further information, including the application, can be found at: www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/energy-efficiency-and-conservation-blockgrants 7.2.4
Direct Install Program
The Dennis Township Recreation Center is potentially eligible to receive funding from the Direct Install Program. This money can be in addition to incentives from the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant. The Direct Install program would pay up to 60% of most prescriptive implementation measures. The Direct Install funding has the potential to significantly reduce the payback period of recommended Energy Conservation Measures.
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 18 of 26
8.0
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SCREENING EVALUATION
8.1
Geothermal
Geothermal heat pumps (GHP) transfer heat between the constant temperature of the earth and the building to maintain the building’s interior space conditions. Below the surface of the earth throughout New Jersey the temperature remains in the low 50F range throughout the year. This stable temperature provides a source for heat in the winter and a means to reject excess heat in the summer. With GHP systems, water is circulated between the building and the piping buried in the ground. The ground heat exchanger in a GHP system is made up of a closed or open loop pipe system. Most common is the closed loop in which high density polyethylene pipe is buried horizontally at 4-6 feet deep or vertically at 100 to 400 feet deep. These pipes are filled with an environmentally friendly antifreeze/water solution that acts as a heat exchanger. In the summer, the water picks up heat from the building and moves it to the ground. In the winter the system reverses and fluid picks up heat from the ground and moves it to the building. Heat pumps make collection and transfer of this heat to and from the building possible. The building uses propane –fired. Duct furnaces, and a split system Air-Handling unit with DX cooling to meet the building’s HVAC requirements. The existing HVAC systems of the buildings would need to be fully converted to accommodate a ground source heat pump system. This measure is not recommended. 8.2
Solar
8.2.1
Photovoltaic Rooftop Solar Power Generation
The facility was evaluated for the potential to install rooftop or ground mounted photovoltaic (PV) solar panels for power generation. Present technology incorporates the use of solar cell arrays that produce direct current (DC) electricity. This DC current is converted to alternating current (AC) with the use of an electrical device known as an inverter. The building’s roof has sufficient room to install a solar cell array. A structural analysis would be required to determine if the roof framing could support a cell array. The PVWATTS solar power generation model was utilized to calculate PV power generation. The New Jersey Clean Power Estimator provided by the New Jersey Clean Energy Program is presently being updated; therefore, the site recommended use of the PVWATT solar grid analyzer version 1. The closest city available in the model is Atlantic City, New Jersey and a fixed tilt array type was utilized to calculate energy production. The PVWATT solar power generation model is provided in Appendix I. The State of New Jersey incentives for non-residential PV applications is $.75/watt up to 50 kW of installed PV array. Federal tax credits are also available for renewable energy projects up to 30% of installation cost. Municipalities do not pay federal taxes; therefore, would not be able to utilize the federal tax credit incentive. Installation of (PV) arrays in the state New Jersey will allow the owner to participate in the New Jersey solar renewable energy certificates program (SREC). This is a program that has been set up to allow entities with large amounts of environmentally unfriendly emissions to purchase credits from zero emission (PV) solar-producers. An alternative compliance penalty (ACP) is paid for by the high emission producers and is set each year on a declining scale of 3% per year. One SREC credit is equivalent to 1000 kilowatt hours of PV electrical production; these credits can be traded for period of 15 years from the date of installation. The cost of the ACP penalty for 2009 is $700; this is the amount that must be paid per SERC by the high emission producers. The expected dollar amount that will be paid to the PV producer for 2010 is expected to be $600/SREC credit. Payments that will be received from the PV New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 19 of 26
producer will change from year to year dependent upon supply and demand. Renewable Energy Consultants is a third party SREC broker that has been approved by the New Jersey Clean Energy Program. As stated above there is no definitive way to calculate an exact price that will be received by the PV producer per SREC over the next 15 years. Renewable Energy Consultants estimated an average of $487/ SERC per year and this number was utilized in the cash flow for this report. The Recreation Center had a maximum electricity demand of 80 kW and a minimum of 30 kW, from October 2009 to September 2010. The monthly average over the observed 12 month period was 44 kW. The existing load does not justify the use of the maximum incentive cap of 50 kW of installed PV solar array; therefore, a 10 kW system size was selected for the calculations. An installed cost of $8 per watt or $8,000 per kW of a ground mounted solar array system was used in the calculation analysis based on market demand for PV power generator systems. Other cost considerations will also need to be considered. PV panels have an approximate 20 year life span; however, the inverter device that converts DC electricity to AC has a life span of 10 to 12 years and will need to be replaced multiple times during the useful life of the PV system. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix I and summarized below: Photovoltaic (PV) Rooftop Solar Power Generation – 10 kW System (ECM-6) Annual Utility Savings Total Savings
Budgetary Cost Electricity $
kW
kWh
80,000
0
12,503
Propane Gas Therms 0
Total $ 2,300
$ 2,300
New Jersey Renewable Energy Incentive*
New Jersey Renewable SREC**
$
$ 7,500
6,100
Payback (without incentive)
Payback (with incentives)
Years
Years
>25
8.6
*Incentive based on New Jersey Renewable Energy Program for non-residential applications of $ .75 per Watt of installed capacity ** Estimated Solar Renewable Energy Certificate Program (SREC) for 15 years at $487/1000 kWh Note 1: Total annual savings Kwh ($2,300) + Annual SREC Credits ($6100) = Total Annual Cost Savings ($8,400) Implementation Costs after incentives = $80,000 - $7,500 = $72,500
While the payback period is within the parameters for recommended measures, further investigation of possible installation locations, required system maintenance, and ground mounted installation costs are need to be developed prior to consideration for implementation. Ground-mounted solar systems typically require additional racking and mounting equipment, which increases the cost of the solar ray installation. Usable space on the Recreation Center property to accommodate a ground-mounted solar energy system must be established. Ground-mounted solar energy systems have added costs for supporting structures and trenching. Trenching is required to bury electrical wiring that runs from the solar panels to the place of utility interconnect. Unforeseen added costs for a ground mounted solar array could be substantial. 8.2.2
Solar Power Service Provider
An alternative solar implementation option would be to pursue a power purchase agreement performancebased arrangement as a SPPA provider. New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 20 of 26
The SPPA program provides an alternative program for the installation of a viable solar photovoltaic application. Advantages are the fact that it provides the customer with a low or even no upfront cost for the installation. A host customer agrees to have solar panels installed on its property, typically its roof, and signs a long-term contract with the solar services provider to purchase the generated power. The host property can be either owned or leased (note that for leased properties, solar financing works best for customers that have a long-term lease). The purchase price of the generated electricity is typically at or slightly below the retail electric rate the host customer would pay its utility service provider. SPPA rates can be fixed, but they often contain an annual price escalator in the range of one to five percent to account for system efficiency decreases as the system ages and inflation-related costs increases for system operation, monitoring, maintenance, and anticipated increases in the price of grid-delivered electricity. An SPPA is a performance-based arrangement in which the host customer pays only for what the system produces. The term length of most SPPAs can range from six years (i.e., the time by which available tax benefits are fully realized) to as long as 25 years. All associated REC’s, Federal or State Incentives go directly to the solar service provider. The table provided below sums up the advantages and disadvantages for this type of agreement. Benefits & Challenges of SPPAs Benefits for host customer
Challenges for host customer
No upfront capital cost. Predictable energy pricing. No system performance or operating risk. Projects can be cash flow positive from day one. Visibly demonstrable environmental commitment. Potential to make claims about being solar powered (if associated RECs are retained). Potential reduction in carbon footprint (if associated RECs are retained). Potential increase in property value. Support for local economy and job creation.
8.3
More complex negotiations and potentially higher transaction costs than buying PV system outright. Administrative cost of paying two separate electricity bills if system does not meet 100 percent of site’s electric load. Potential increase in property taxes if property value is reassessed. Site lease may limit ability to make changes to property that would affect PV system performance or access to the system. Understand tradeoffs related to REC ownership/sale.
Solar Thermal Hot Water Plant
Active solar thermal systems use solar collectors to gather the sun’s energy to heat water, another fluid, or air. An absorber in the collector converts the sun’s energy into heat. The heat is then transferred by circulating water, antifreeze, or sometimes air to another location for immediate use or storage for later utilization. Applications for active solar thermal energy include providing hot water, heating swimming pools, space heating, and preheating air in residential and commercial buildings. A standard solar hot water system is typically composed of solar collectors, heat storage vessel, piping, circulators, and controls. Systems are typically integrated to work alongside a conventional heating system that provides heat when solar resources are not sufficient. The solar collectors are usually placed New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 21 of 26
on the roof of the building, oriented south, and tilted around the site’s latitude, to maximize the amount of radiation collected on a yearly basis. Several options exist for using active solar thermal systems for space heating. The most common method involves using glazed collectors to heat a liquid held in a storage tank (similar to an active solar hot water system). The most practical system would transfer the heat from the panels to thermal storage tanks and transfer solar produced thermal energy to use for domestic hot water production. DHW is presently produced by a propane fired water heater and, therefore, this measure would offer propane gas savings. Currently, an incentive is not available for installation of thermal solar systems. A Federal tax credit of 30% of installation cost for the thermal applications is available; however, the Dennis Township does not pay Federal taxes and, therefore, would not benefit from this program. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix K and summarized below: Solar Thermal Domestic Hot Water Plant Annual Utility Savings Budgetary Cost Electricity
Propane Gas
Total
Total Savings
New Jersey Renewable Energy Incentive
Payback (without incentive)
Payback (with incentive)
$
kW
kWh
Therms
$
$
$
Years
Years
12,200
0
0
70
100
100
NA
>25
NA
No incentive is available in New Jersey at this time.
This measure is not recommended. Payback greater than 10 years. 8.4
Wind
Small wind turbines use a horizontal axis propeller, or rotor, to capture the kinetic energy of the wind and convert it into rotary motion to drive a generator which usually is designed specifically for the wind turbine. The rotor consists of two or three blades, usually made from wood or fiberglass. These materials give the turbine the needed strength and flexibility, and have the added advantage of not interfering with television signals. The structural backbone of the wind turbine is the mainframe, and includes the sliprings that connect the wind turbine, which rotates as it points into changing wind directions, and the fixed tower wiring. The tail aligns the rotor into the wind. To avoid turbulence and capture greater wind energy, turbines are mounted on towers. Turbines should be mounted at least 30 feet above any structure or propane feature within 300 feet of the installation. Smaller turbines can utilize shorter towers. For example, a 250-watt turbine may be mounted on a 30-50 foot tower, while a 10 kW turbine will usually need a tower of 80-120 feet. Tower designs include tubular or latticed, guyed or self-supporting. Wind turbine manufacturers also provide towers. The New Jersey Clean Energy Program for small wind installations has designated numerous preapproved wind turbines for installation in the State of New Jersey. Incentives for wind turbine installations are based on kilowatt hours saved in the first year. Systems sized under 16,000 kWh per year of production will receive a $3.20 per kWh incentive. Systems producing over 16,000 kWh will receive $51,200 for the first 16,000 kWh of production with an additional $0.50 per kWh up to a maximum cap of 750,000 kWh per year. Federal tax credits are also available for renewable energy projects up to 30%
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 22 of 26
of installation cost for systems less than 100 kW. However, as noted previously, municipalities do not pay federal taxes and is, therefore, not eligible for the tax credit incentive. The most important part of any small wind generation project is the mean annual wind speed at the height of which the turbine will be installed. The Recreation Center building sits on a rural lot and has open space for a tower. However, the map indicates a mean annual wind speed of 12 miles per hour in the Dennis Township area. Wind speed maps are included in Appendix L. This measure is not recommended due to the low mean annual wind speed. 8.5
Combined Heat and Power Generation (CHP)
Combined heat and power, cogeneration, is self-production of electricity on-site with beneficial recovery of the heat byproduct from the electrical generator. Common CHP equipment includes reciprocating engine-driven, micro turbines, steam turbines, and fuel cells. Typical CHP customers include industrial, commercial, institutional, educational institutions, and multifamily residential facilities. CHP systems that are commercially viable at the present time are sized approximately 50 kW and above, with numerous options in blocks grouped around 300 kW, 800 kW, 1,200 kW and larger. Typically, CHP systems are used to produce a portion of the electricity needed by a facility some or all of the time, with the balance of electric needs satisfied by purchase from the grid. Any proposed CHP project will need to consider many factors, such as existing system load, use of thermal energy produced, system size, propane gas fuel availability, and proposed plant location. The Dennis Township Recreation Center has insignificant need for electrical generation and the ability to use thermal byproduct is not possible since the thermal usage of the building is propane fired. Thermal energy produced by the CHP plant cannot be utilized. This measure is not recommended. 8.6
Biomass Power Generation
Biomass power generation is a process in which waste organic materials are used to produce electricity or thermal energy. These materials would otherwise be sent to the landfill or expelled to the atmosphere. To participate in NJCEP's Customer On-Site Renewable Energy program, participants must install an on-site sustainable biomass or fuel cell energy generation system. Incentives for bio-power installations are available to support up to 1MW-dc of rated capacity. *Class I organic residues are eligible for funding through the NJCEP CORE program. Class I wastes include the following renewable supply of organic material:
Wood wastes not adulterated with chemicals, glues or adhesives Agricultural residues (corn stover, rice hulls or nut shells, manures, poultry litter, horse manure, etc) and/or methane gases from landfills Food wastes Municipal tree trimming and grass clipping wastes Paper and cardboard wastes Non adulterated construction wood wastes, pallets The NJDEP evaluates biomass resources not identified in the RPS.
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 23 of 26
Examples of eligible facilities for a CORE incentive include:
Digestion of sewage sludge Landfill gas facilities Combustion of wood wastes to steam turbine Gasification of wood wastes to reciprocating engine Gasification or pyrolysis of bio-solid wastes to generation equipment
from NJOCE Website This measure is not recommended due to of noise issues and because the building does not have a steady waste stream to fuel the power generation system. Additionally, purchasing this system and performing modifications to the existing HVAC and electrical systems would greatly outweigh the savings over the life of the equipment. 8.7
Demand Response Curtailment
Presently, electricity is delivered by Atlantic City Electric, which receives the electricity from regional power grid RFC. PSE&G is the regional transmission organization (RTO) that coordinates the movement of wholesale electricity in all or parts of 13 states and the District of Columbia including the State of New Jersey. Utility Curtailment is an agreement with the Atlantic City Electric regional transmission organization and an approved Curtailment Service Provider (CSP) to shed electrical load by either turning major equipment off or energizing all or part of a facility utilizing an emergency generator; therefore, reducing the electrical demand on the utility grid. This program is to benefit the utility company during high demand periods and Atlantic City Electric offers incentives to the CSP to participate in this program. Enrolling in the program will require program participants to drop electrical load or turn on emergency generators during high electrical demand conditions or during emergencies. Part of the program also will require that program participants reduce their required load or run emergency generators with notice to test the system. An Atlantic City Electric pre-approved CSP will require a minimum of 100 kW of load reduction to participate in any curtailment program. The Dennis Township Recreation Center had a monthly average electricity demand of 44.0 kW and a maximum demand of 80.0 kW from October 2009 to September 2010. This measure is not recommended because the facility does not have adequate load to meet the required minimum load reduction.
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 24 of 26
9.0
EPA PORTFOLIO MANAGER
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is a federal agency in charge of regulating environment waste and policy in the United States. The EPA has released the EPA Portfolio Manager for public use. The program is designed to allow property owners and managers to share, compare and improve upon their facility’s energy consumption. Inputting such parameters as electricity, heating fuel, building characteristics and location into the website based program generates an energy rating score out of 100. Once an account is registered, monthly utility data can be entered to track the savings progress and retrieve an updated energy rating score on a monthly basis. The EPA Portfolio Manager did not generate an energy rating score for this building because the building type data base is not eligible for an Energy Star rating. A full EPA Energy Star Portfolio Manager Report is located in Appendix M. The user name and password has been provided to Glenn O. Clarke, Dennis Township Chief Financial Officer.
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 25 of 26
10.0
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The energy audit conducted by CHA for the Dennis Township Recreation Center has identified potential ECMs that will produce energy and operational cost savings. The identified annual savings have the potential to realize an approximate savings of $5,500 with associated implementation costs of $13,800 with incentives. Total annual savings are illustrated in Table 10A. TABLE 10A Total Annual Energy Costs ($)
Annual $/SF Costs
BTU/SF
Pre-Implementation
23,300
2.2
68,500
Post Implementation
17,500
1.7
54,600
Energy Cost Reduction Program
New Jersey BPU – Energy Audits Page 26 of 26
APPENDIX B
UTILITY USAGE ANALYSIS (ELECTRIC SUPPLIER/ NATIONAL GAS SUPPLIER RECOMMENDATION TABLE)
This Appendix contains a summary of the Recreation Center yearly usage of Electric and Propane Gas consumption and costs Atlantic City Electric energy comparison charts for monthly usage in KwH and KW demand Spreadsheet data for the Recreation Center electric and propane consumption provided to CHA by Mr. James M. Rutala. Mr Rutala is the municipal consultant to Dennis Township. This data was correlated to Atlantic City Electric consumption charts and the electric monthly consumption charts and was updated as required Atlantic City Electric Service Territory Electric Suppliers State of New Jersey Natural Gas Suppliers
