Chapter 13 Notes
AMERICAN HISTORY CHAPTER 13 PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT
BOARD QUESTION 1) WHAT IS PROGRESSIVISM? 2) WHAT PARTY DID PROGRESSIVES SUPPORT? 3) WHAT WAS A MUCKRAKER? 4) WHAT WERE THE IDEAS OF THE EFFICIENT PROGRESSIVES? 5) WHAT WAS THE COMMISSION PLAN?
BOARD QUESTION 1) WHO WAS ROBERT LA FOLLETTE? 2) WHAT IS DIRECT PRIMARY? 3) WHAT IS INITIATIVE? 4) WHAT IS REFERENDUM? 5) WHAT IS RECALL?
BOARD QUESTION 1) WHAT IS SUFFRAGE? 2) WHY DID WOMEN BECOME POLITICLY ACTIVE? 3) WHAT AMENDMENT GAVE WOMEN THE RIGHT TO VOTE? 4) WHAT IS TEMPERANCE? 5) WHAT IS PROHIBITION?
BOARD QUESTIONS 1) WHO WAS UPTON SINCLAIR? 2) WHAT WAS THE MEAT INSPECTION ACT? 3) WHAT WAS THE PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT? 4) WHICH PRESIDENT WAS KNOWN AS A CONSERVATIONIST? 5) HOW MANY FEDERAL RESERVES DID ROOSEVELT ESTABLISH?
BOARD QUESTION 1) WHAT PARTY DID TEDDY ROOSEVELT START? 2) WHO BECAME PRESIDENT IN 1912? 3) WHAT DOES THE 16TH AMENDMENT STATE? 4) WHAT WAS THE UNDERWOOD TARIFF? 5) WHAT SET WILSON APART FROM ROOSEVELT?
PROGRESSIVISM • PROGRESSIVISM - WAS NOT A TIGHTLY ORGANIZED POLITICAL MOVEMENT WITH A SPECIFIC SET OF REFORMS.
• INSTEAD IT WAS A COLLECTION OF DIFFERENT IDEAS AND ACTIVITIES.
• PROGRESSIVES BELIEVED
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANISM HAD CREATED MANY SOCIAL PROBLEMS.
PROGRESSIVISM • A PROGRESSIVE COULD BELONG TO EITHER PARTY. THEY WERE USUALLY FROM URBAN AREAS AND MIDDLE CLASS.
• PROGRESSIVISM WAS A REACTION TO LAISSEZ-FAIRE ECONOMICS AND ITS EMPHASIS ON AN UNREGULATED MARKET.
PROGRESSIVISM • PROGRESSIVES HAD SEEN THE
POVERTY OF THE WORKING CLASS, FILTH AND CRIME OF THE URBAN SOCIETY.
• PROGRESSIVES DOUBTED THE FREE
MARKETS ABILITY TO ADRESS THE PROBLEM.PROGRESSIVES ALSO DOUBTED THE GOVERNMENTS WILLINGNESS AND ABILITY TO FIX THE PROBLEM.
PROGRESSIVISM • PROGRESSIVES BELIEVED THE ONLY
WAY TO FIX THESE SOCIAL PROBLEMS WAS TO CHANGE GOVERNMENT FIRST.
• PROGRESSIVES HAD LIVED IN A TIME OF GREAT SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENT.
• THE LIGHT BULB, TELEPHONE, SKY
SCRAPERS, AUTOMOBILE, AND AIRPLANE. PROGRESSIVES BELIEVED THESE INVENTIONS HAD CHANGED SOCIETY FOR THE BETTER.
PROGRESSIVISM • PROGRESSIVES BELIEVED THESE SAME
SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES USED IN INVENTIONS COULD BE USED TO FIX SOCIAL ISSUES.
• THIS IS A LOT LIKE THE
ENLIGHTENMENT AGE OF EUROPE. THE IDEA OF USING SCIENCE TO CHANGE THE FUNCTION OF GOVERNMENT.
MUCKRACKER • MUCKRAKERS - WERE CRUSADING
JOURNALISTS WHO INVESTIGATED SOCIAL CONDITIONS AND POLITICAL CORRUPTION.
• IN THE EARLY 1900’S, AMERICAN
PUBLISHERS WERE COMPETING TO SEE WHO COULD EXPOSE THE MOST CORRUPTION AND SCANDAL.
MUCKRACKERS • THESE PUBLICATIONS LOOK FOR
CORRUPTION IN BIG BUSINESS, GOVERNMENT, POLITICAL MACHINES, AND SOCIAL ISSUES.(MUCKRAKERS)
• THESE JOURNALIST ARTICLES LED TO
GENERAL PUBLIC DEBATE ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND PUT PRESSURE ON POLITICIANS TO INTRODUCE REFORMS.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROGRESSIVIST • THERE WERE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROGRESSIVES.
• EFFICIENCY PROGRESSIVES
GOVERNMENT TO BE MORE EFFICIENT.
• THEY BELIEVE MANY SOCIAL ISSUES
WOULD BE FIXED IF GOVERNMENT WORKED PROPERLY.
• THEY BELIEVED GOVERNMENT COULD BECOME MORE EFFICIENT BY USING
COMMISSION PLAN • COMMISSION PLAN - A CITY
GOVERNMENT WOULD BE SEPARATED INTO SEVERAL DEPARTMENTS, WHICH WOULD BE PLACED UNDER THE CONTROL OF AN EXPERT COMMISSIONER.
• A BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS WOULD SELECT THE SPECIALIST TO RUN THE CITY.
LABORATORY OF DEMOCRACY • ROBERT LA FOLLETTE - BELIEVED THAT PARTY BOSSES HAD TO MUCH CONTROL OVER WHO WAS ELECTED.
• LA FOLLETTE BELIEVED DEMOCRACY
WAS BASED UPON KNOWLEDGE. THE ONLY WAY TO BEAT THE BOSS IS TO KEEP THE PEOPLE THOROUGHLY INFORMED.
LABORATORY OF DEMOCRACY • DIRECT PRIMARY - IN WHICH ALL
PARTY MEMBERS COULD VOTE FOR A CANDIDATE TO RUN IN THE GENERAL ELECTION.
• INITIATIVE - ALLOWED A GROUP OF CITIZENS TO INTRODUCE LEGISLATION AND REQUIRED THE LEGISLATURE TO VOTE ON IT.
LABORATORY OF DEMOCRACY • REFERENDUM - ALLOWED PROPOSED LEGISLATION TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE VOTERS FOR APPROVAL.
• RECALL - ALLOWED VOTERS TO
DEMAND A SPECIAL ELECTION TO REMOVE AN ELECTED OFFICIAL FROM OFFICE BEFORE HIS OR HER TERM HAD EXPIRED.
THE SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT
• THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT HAD BEEN GOING SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE U.S.
• WOMEN WHO WANTED THE RIGHT TO VOTE WERE SEEN AS IMMORAL AND UNFEMININE BY SOME CRITICS.
• WOMEN SUFFRAGE MOVEMENTS
JOINED THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR.
14 & 15 AMENDMENT • WITH THE PASSING OF THE 14 AND 15 AMENDMENTS MANY SUFFRAGIST BELIEVED WOMEN WOULD GET THE RIGHT TO VOTE AS WELL, BUT REPUBLICANS REFUSED.
• WOMEN DID NOT MAKE SIGNIFICANT GAINS UNTIL 1910, WHEN MIDDLE CLASS WOMEN BEGAN TO BECOME POLITICLY ACTIVE WITH THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT.
THE 19TH AMENDMENT • 19TH AMENDMENT - IN 1920
CONGRESS PASSED THIS GIVING WOMEN THE RIGHT TO VOTE.
• GREAT WOMENT SUFFRAGIST - ABIGAIL ADAMS, ELIZABETH CADY STANTON, SUSAN B. ANTHONY, LUCY STONE, JULIA WAED HOWE, ALICE PAUL, AND CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT.
CHILD LABOR • CHILDREN HAD ALWAYS WORKED ON FAMILY FARMS BUT FACTORY WORK WAS MUCH MORE DANGEROUS FOR CHILDREN.
• IN 1900 - 1.7 MILLION CHILDREN WORKED OUTSIDE THE HOME.
• IN 1904 A CHILD LABOR COMMITTEE WAS FORMED.
PROHIBITION • TEMPERANCE - ADVOCATED THE
MODERATION OR ELIMINATION OF ALCOHOL.
• THIS MOVEMENT WAS LEAD BY
MOSTLY WOMEN. THEY BELIEVE MEN DRINKING ALCOHOL IN SALOONS LEAD TO PROBLEMS IN SOCIETY.
PROHIBITION • PROHIBITION - LAWS BANNING THE MANUFACTURE, SALE, AND CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL.
• MANY CHRISTIAN GROUPS BELIEVED THIS WAS A GREAT WAY TO HELP AMERICAN SOCIETY.
TEDDY ROOSEVELT • SQUARE DEAL - ROOSEVELT’S
DOMESTIC POLICY, IN WHICH IN 1904 HE STATED HE WOULD MAKE SURE EVERY MAN HAD A SQUARE DEAL, NO MORE AND NO LESS.
• ROOSEVELT BELIEVED IN SOCIAL
DARWINISM AND PROGRESSIVE REFORM. HE BELIEVED PROGRESSIVE REFORM WOULD HELP THE U.S. COMPETE WITH OTHER NATIONS.
TEDDY ROOSEVELT • THE TRUST BUSTER - ROOSEVELT
WANTED A WAY TO SUPERVISE BIG BUSINESS IN ORDER TO MAKE SURE THESE TRUST HAD THE PUBLIC INTEREST IN MIND WHEN MAKING BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS.
• NORTHERN SECURITIES V. THE U.S. IS
THE CASE WERE NEWSPAPERS BEGAN CALLING ROOSEVELT A TRUSTBUSTER.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR
• IN 1903 TEDDY ROOSEVELT
CONVINCED CONGRESS TO CREATE THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR.
• BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS - WAS A
DEPARTMENT OF THE COMMERCE AND LABOR. THAT COULD WATCH CORPORATIONS ACTIVITIES.
U.S. STEEL • BECAUSE OF THE CREATION OF THE
BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS U.S. STEEL A HUGE HOLDING COMPANY FEARED BEING BROKEN UP.
• U.S. STEEL AGREED TO OPEN THEIR
BOOKS TO THE GOVERNMENT IF THE GOVERNMENT HELPED THEM FIX PROBLEMS IN PRIVATE.
BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS • WITH OTHER HOLDING COMPANIES
ALSO SCARED OF BEING BROKEN UP THEY TOO MADE GENTLEMEN’S AGREEMENTS WITH PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT. THE SAME WAY U.S. STEEL DID.
• THIS ALLOWED ROOSEVELT TO
REGULATE COMMERCE WITH OUT HURTING THE ECONOMY.
SOCIAL WELL BEING • UPTON SINCLAIR - AUTHOR OF THE JUNGLE. THIS BOOK DESCRIBED SLAUGHTERHOUSES IN CHICAGO.
• “ THERE WOULD BE MEATED STORED IN GREAT PILES IN ROOMS, AND THE WATER FROM LEAKY ROOFS WOULD DRIP OVER IT, AND THOUSANDS OF RATS WOULD RACE UPON IT.”
MEAT INSPECTION ACT • MEAT INSPECTION ACT - AFTER PUBLIC OUTRAGE FROM READING THE JUNGLE TEDDY ROOSEVELT AND CONGRESS PASSED THIS ACT.
• IT REQUIRED FEDERAL INSPECTION OF MEAT SOLD THOUGH INTERSTATE COMMERCE AND REQUIRED THE AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT TO SET STANDARDS OF CLEANLINESS IN MEAT PACKING PLANTS.
THE PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT • PATENT DRUGS WERE ALSO SOLD
WITH THE PUBLIC NOT KNOWING WHAT WAS IN THEM AND IF THEY WORKED.
• PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT - 1906
PROHIBITED THE MANUFACTURE, SALE, OR SHIPMENT OF IMPURE OR FALSELY LABELED FOOD AND DRUGS.
CONSERVATION • TEDDY ROOSEVELT WAS A VERY
ENTHUSIASTIC OUTDOORSMEN. HE WANTED TO MAKE SURE AMERICANS BEAUTIFUL LANDSCAPE WOULD LAST FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS.
• HE CREATED 5 NEW NATIONAL PARKS AND 51 FEDERAL WILDLIFE RESERVATIONS. ( OVER 100 MILLION ACRES IN PROTECTED FOREST)
“SMILING BILL”TAFT • PRESIDENT WILLIAM TAFT - HAD BEEN
APART OF TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S ADMINISTRATION. HE WAS A CLOSE AND TRUSTED FRIEND OF TEDDY ROOSEVELT. WITH T. ROOSEVELT’S HELP TAFT BECAME THE NEXT PRESIDENT OF THE U.S. BEATING WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN.
WILLIAM TAFT • TAFT UNDERSTOOD THAT HE WAS
NOT THE SAME TYPE OF PERSON THAT TEDDY ROOSEVELT WAS AND BECAUSE OF THIS HE FEARED PEOPLE WOULD NOT RESPECT HIM THE SAME WAY THEY DID TEDDY.
• TAFT WENT HIS OWN WAY AS
PRESIDENT AGAINST MANY OF ROOSEVELT’S IDEAS.
TAFT V. ROOSEVELT • BECAUSE TAFT HAD WENT AGAINST
HIS IDEAS ROOSEVELT CAME BACK TO THE U.S. FROM HIS WORLD TRAVELS TO STOP HIS OLD FRIEND FROM DESTROYING THE ECONOMY.
• IN FEBRUARY 1912 - TEDDY ROOSEVELT ENTER THE PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN AGAINST TAFT.
REPUBLICAN PARTY • WITH TWO REPUBLICANS TRYING TO WIN THE PRESIDENCY. THE REPUBLICAN PARTY SPLIT.
• WILLIAM TAFT RECEIVED THE
REPUBLICAN NOMINATION AND TEDDY ROOSEVELT STARTED THE BULL MOOSE PARTY. “FIT AS A BULL MOOSE”
ELECTION OF 1912 • BECAUSE THE REPUBLICAN PARTY HAD SPLIT, THERE VOTING POWER WAS ALSO SPLIT ALLOWING WOODROW WILSON TO BECOME PRESIDENT.
• PRESIDENT WILSON WAS AN
ACADEMIC WHO HAD ONLY BEEN IN POLITICS FOR TWO YEARS BEFORE BECOMING PRESIDENT.
INCOME TAX • UNDERWOOD TARIFF - THIS LOWERED THE TARIFF ON IMPORTED GOODS BY ABOUT 30 PERCENT.
• 16TH AMENDMENT - WITH THE
PASSING OF THIS AMENDMENT AND THE UNDERWOOD TARIFF THE GOVERNMENT WAS NOW ALLOWED TO TAX PEOPLES PERSONAL INCOME.
BOARD QUESTION 1) WHAT IS PROGRESSIVISM? 2) WHAT PARTY DID PROGRESSIVES SUPPORT? 3) WHAT WAS A MUCKRAKER? 4) WHAT WERE THE IDEAS OF THE EFFICIENT PROGRESSIVES? 5) WHAT WAS THE COMMISSION PLAN?
BOARD QUESTION 1) WHO WAS ROBERT LA FOLLETTE? 2) WHAT IS DIRECT PRIMARY? 3) WHAT IS INITIATIVE? 4) WHAT IS REFERENDUM? 5) WHAT IS RECALL?
BOARD QUESTION 1) WHAT IS SUFFRAGE? 2) WHY DID WOMEN BECOME POLITICLY ACTIVE? 3) WHAT AMENDMENT GAVE WOMEN THE RIGHT TO VOTE? 4) WHAT IS TEMPERANCE? 5) WHAT IS PROHIBITION?
BOARD QUESTIONS 1) WHO WAS UPTON SINCLAIR? 2) WHAT WAS THE MEAT INSPECTION ACT? 3) WHAT WAS THE PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT? 4) WHICH PRESIDENT WAS KNOWN AS A CONSERVATIONIST? 5) HOW MANY FEDERAL RESERVES DID ROOSEVELT ESTABLISH?
BOARD QUESTION 1) WHAT PARTY DID TEDDY ROOSEVELT START? 2) WHO BECAME PRESIDENT IN 1912? 3) WHAT DOES THE 16TH AMENDMENT STATE? 4) WHAT WAS THE UNDERWOOD TARIFF? 5) WHAT SET WILSON APART FROM ROOSEVELT?
PROGRESSIVISM • PROGRESSIVISM - WAS NOT A TIGHTLY ORGANIZED POLITICAL MOVEMENT WITH A SPECIFIC SET OF REFORMS.
• INSTEAD IT WAS A COLLECTION OF DIFFERENT IDEAS AND ACTIVITIES.
• PROGRESSIVES BELIEVED
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANISM HAD CREATED MANY SOCIAL PROBLEMS.
PROGRESSIVISM • A PROGRESSIVE COULD BELONG TO EITHER PARTY. THEY WERE USUALLY FROM URBAN AREAS AND MIDDLE CLASS.
• PROGRESSIVISM WAS A REACTION TO LAISSEZ-FAIRE ECONOMICS AND ITS EMPHASIS ON AN UNREGULATED MARKET.
PROGRESSIVISM • PROGRESSIVES HAD SEEN THE
POVERTY OF THE WORKING CLASS, FILTH AND CRIME OF THE URBAN SOCIETY.
• PROGRESSIVES DOUBTED THE FREE
MARKETS ABILITY TO ADRESS THE PROBLEM.PROGRESSIVES ALSO DOUBTED THE GOVERNMENTS WILLINGNESS AND ABILITY TO FIX THE PROBLEM.
PROGRESSIVISM • PROGRESSIVES BELIEVED THE ONLY
WAY TO FIX THESE SOCIAL PROBLEMS WAS TO CHANGE GOVERNMENT FIRST.
• PROGRESSIVES HAD LIVED IN A TIME OF GREAT SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENT.
• THE LIGHT BULB, TELEPHONE, SKY
SCRAPERS, AUTOMOBILE, AND AIRPLANE. PROGRESSIVES BELIEVED THESE INVENTIONS HAD CHANGED SOCIETY FOR THE BETTER.
PROGRESSIVISM • PROGRESSIVES BELIEVED THESE SAME
SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES USED IN INVENTIONS COULD BE USED TO FIX SOCIAL ISSUES.
• THIS IS A LOT LIKE THE
ENLIGHTENMENT AGE OF EUROPE. THE IDEA OF USING SCIENCE TO CHANGE THE FUNCTION OF GOVERNMENT.
MUCKRACKER • MUCKRAKERS - WERE CRUSADING
JOURNALISTS WHO INVESTIGATED SOCIAL CONDITIONS AND POLITICAL CORRUPTION.
• IN THE EARLY 1900’S, AMERICAN
PUBLISHERS WERE COMPETING TO SEE WHO COULD EXPOSE THE MOST CORRUPTION AND SCANDAL.
MUCKRACKERS • THESE PUBLICATIONS LOOK FOR
CORRUPTION IN BIG BUSINESS, GOVERNMENT, POLITICAL MACHINES, AND SOCIAL ISSUES.(MUCKRAKERS)
• THESE JOURNALIST ARTICLES LED TO
GENERAL PUBLIC DEBATE ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND PUT PRESSURE ON POLITICIANS TO INTRODUCE REFORMS.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROGRESSIVIST • THERE WERE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROGRESSIVES.
• EFFICIENCY PROGRESSIVES
GOVERNMENT TO BE MORE EFFICIENT.
• THEY BELIEVE MANY SOCIAL ISSUES
WOULD BE FIXED IF GOVERNMENT WORKED PROPERLY.
• THEY BELIEVED GOVERNMENT COULD BECOME MORE EFFICIENT BY USING
COMMISSION PLAN • COMMISSION PLAN - A CITY
GOVERNMENT WOULD BE SEPARATED INTO SEVERAL DEPARTMENTS, WHICH WOULD BE PLACED UNDER THE CONTROL OF AN EXPERT COMMISSIONER.
• A BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS WOULD SELECT THE SPECIALIST TO RUN THE CITY.
LABORATORY OF DEMOCRACY • ROBERT LA FOLLETTE - BELIEVED THAT PARTY BOSSES HAD TO MUCH CONTROL OVER WHO WAS ELECTED.
• LA FOLLETTE BELIEVED DEMOCRACY
WAS BASED UPON KNOWLEDGE. THE ONLY WAY TO BEAT THE BOSS IS TO KEEP THE PEOPLE THOROUGHLY INFORMED.
LABORATORY OF DEMOCRACY • DIRECT PRIMARY - IN WHICH ALL
PARTY MEMBERS COULD VOTE FOR A CANDIDATE TO RUN IN THE GENERAL ELECTION.
• INITIATIVE - ALLOWED A GROUP OF CITIZENS TO INTRODUCE LEGISLATION AND REQUIRED THE LEGISLATURE TO VOTE ON IT.
LABORATORY OF DEMOCRACY • REFERENDUM - ALLOWED PROPOSED LEGISLATION TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE VOTERS FOR APPROVAL.
• RECALL - ALLOWED VOTERS TO
DEMAND A SPECIAL ELECTION TO REMOVE AN ELECTED OFFICIAL FROM OFFICE BEFORE HIS OR HER TERM HAD EXPIRED.
THE SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT
• THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT HAD BEEN GOING SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE U.S.
• WOMEN WHO WANTED THE RIGHT TO VOTE WERE SEEN AS IMMORAL AND UNFEMININE BY SOME CRITICS.
• WOMEN SUFFRAGE MOVEMENTS
JOINED THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR.
14 & 15 AMENDMENT • WITH THE PASSING OF THE 14 AND 15 AMENDMENTS MANY SUFFRAGIST BELIEVED WOMEN WOULD GET THE RIGHT TO VOTE AS WELL, BUT REPUBLICANS REFUSED.
• WOMEN DID NOT MAKE SIGNIFICANT GAINS UNTIL 1910, WHEN MIDDLE CLASS WOMEN BEGAN TO BECOME POLITICLY ACTIVE WITH THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT.
THE 19TH AMENDMENT • 19TH AMENDMENT - IN 1920
CONGRESS PASSED THIS GIVING WOMEN THE RIGHT TO VOTE.
• GREAT WOMENT SUFFRAGIST - ABIGAIL ADAMS, ELIZABETH CADY STANTON, SUSAN B. ANTHONY, LUCY STONE, JULIA WAED HOWE, ALICE PAUL, AND CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT.
CHILD LABOR • CHILDREN HAD ALWAYS WORKED ON FAMILY FARMS BUT FACTORY WORK WAS MUCH MORE DANGEROUS FOR CHILDREN.
• IN 1900 - 1.7 MILLION CHILDREN WORKED OUTSIDE THE HOME.
• IN 1904 A CHILD LABOR COMMITTEE WAS FORMED.
PROHIBITION • TEMPERANCE - ADVOCATED THE
MODERATION OR ELIMINATION OF ALCOHOL.
• THIS MOVEMENT WAS LEAD BY
MOSTLY WOMEN. THEY BELIEVE MEN DRINKING ALCOHOL IN SALOONS LEAD TO PROBLEMS IN SOCIETY.
PROHIBITION • PROHIBITION - LAWS BANNING THE MANUFACTURE, SALE, AND CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL.
• MANY CHRISTIAN GROUPS BELIEVED THIS WAS A GREAT WAY TO HELP AMERICAN SOCIETY.
TEDDY ROOSEVELT • SQUARE DEAL - ROOSEVELT’S
DOMESTIC POLICY, IN WHICH IN 1904 HE STATED HE WOULD MAKE SURE EVERY MAN HAD A SQUARE DEAL, NO MORE AND NO LESS.
• ROOSEVELT BELIEVED IN SOCIAL
DARWINISM AND PROGRESSIVE REFORM. HE BELIEVED PROGRESSIVE REFORM WOULD HELP THE U.S. COMPETE WITH OTHER NATIONS.
TEDDY ROOSEVELT • THE TRUST BUSTER - ROOSEVELT
WANTED A WAY TO SUPERVISE BIG BUSINESS IN ORDER TO MAKE SURE THESE TRUST HAD THE PUBLIC INTEREST IN MIND WHEN MAKING BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS.
• NORTHERN SECURITIES V. THE U.S. IS
THE CASE WERE NEWSPAPERS BEGAN CALLING ROOSEVELT A TRUSTBUSTER.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR
• IN 1903 TEDDY ROOSEVELT
CONVINCED CONGRESS TO CREATE THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR.
• BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS - WAS A
DEPARTMENT OF THE COMMERCE AND LABOR. THAT COULD WATCH CORPORATIONS ACTIVITIES.
U.S. STEEL • BECAUSE OF THE CREATION OF THE
BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS U.S. STEEL A HUGE HOLDING COMPANY FEARED BEING BROKEN UP.
• U.S. STEEL AGREED TO OPEN THEIR
BOOKS TO THE GOVERNMENT IF THE GOVERNMENT HELPED THEM FIX PROBLEMS IN PRIVATE.
BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS • WITH OTHER HOLDING COMPANIES
ALSO SCARED OF BEING BROKEN UP THEY TOO MADE GENTLEMEN’S AGREEMENTS WITH PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT. THE SAME WAY U.S. STEEL DID.
• THIS ALLOWED ROOSEVELT TO
REGULATE COMMERCE WITH OUT HURTING THE ECONOMY.
SOCIAL WELL BEING • UPTON SINCLAIR - AUTHOR OF THE JUNGLE. THIS BOOK DESCRIBED SLAUGHTERHOUSES IN CHICAGO.
• “ THERE WOULD BE MEATED STORED IN GREAT PILES IN ROOMS, AND THE WATER FROM LEAKY ROOFS WOULD DRIP OVER IT, AND THOUSANDS OF RATS WOULD RACE UPON IT.”
MEAT INSPECTION ACT • MEAT INSPECTION ACT - AFTER PUBLIC OUTRAGE FROM READING THE JUNGLE TEDDY ROOSEVELT AND CONGRESS PASSED THIS ACT.
• IT REQUIRED FEDERAL INSPECTION OF MEAT SOLD THOUGH INTERSTATE COMMERCE AND REQUIRED THE AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT TO SET STANDARDS OF CLEANLINESS IN MEAT PACKING PLANTS.
THE PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT • PATENT DRUGS WERE ALSO SOLD
WITH THE PUBLIC NOT KNOWING WHAT WAS IN THEM AND IF THEY WORKED.
• PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT - 1906
PROHIBITED THE MANUFACTURE, SALE, OR SHIPMENT OF IMPURE OR FALSELY LABELED FOOD AND DRUGS.
CONSERVATION • TEDDY ROOSEVELT WAS A VERY
ENTHUSIASTIC OUTDOORSMEN. HE WANTED TO MAKE SURE AMERICANS BEAUTIFUL LANDSCAPE WOULD LAST FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS.
• HE CREATED 5 NEW NATIONAL PARKS AND 51 FEDERAL WILDLIFE RESERVATIONS. ( OVER 100 MILLION ACRES IN PROTECTED FOREST)
“SMILING BILL”TAFT • PRESIDENT WILLIAM TAFT - HAD BEEN
APART OF TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S ADMINISTRATION. HE WAS A CLOSE AND TRUSTED FRIEND OF TEDDY ROOSEVELT. WITH T. ROOSEVELT’S HELP TAFT BECAME THE NEXT PRESIDENT OF THE U.S. BEATING WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN.
WILLIAM TAFT • TAFT UNDERSTOOD THAT HE WAS
NOT THE SAME TYPE OF PERSON THAT TEDDY ROOSEVELT WAS AND BECAUSE OF THIS HE FEARED PEOPLE WOULD NOT RESPECT HIM THE SAME WAY THEY DID TEDDY.
• TAFT WENT HIS OWN WAY AS
PRESIDENT AGAINST MANY OF ROOSEVELT’S IDEAS.
TAFT V. ROOSEVELT • BECAUSE TAFT HAD WENT AGAINST
HIS IDEAS ROOSEVELT CAME BACK TO THE U.S. FROM HIS WORLD TRAVELS TO STOP HIS OLD FRIEND FROM DESTROYING THE ECONOMY.
• IN FEBRUARY 1912 - TEDDY ROOSEVELT ENTER THE PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN AGAINST TAFT.
REPUBLICAN PARTY • WITH TWO REPUBLICANS TRYING TO WIN THE PRESIDENCY. THE REPUBLICAN PARTY SPLIT.
• WILLIAM TAFT RECEIVED THE
REPUBLICAN NOMINATION AND TEDDY ROOSEVELT STARTED THE BULL MOOSE PARTY. “FIT AS A BULL MOOSE”
ELECTION OF 1912 • BECAUSE THE REPUBLICAN PARTY HAD SPLIT, THERE VOTING POWER WAS ALSO SPLIT ALLOWING WOODROW WILSON TO BECOME PRESIDENT.
• PRESIDENT WILSON WAS AN
ACADEMIC WHO HAD ONLY BEEN IN POLITICS FOR TWO YEARS BEFORE BECOMING PRESIDENT.
INCOME TAX • UNDERWOOD TARIFF - THIS LOWERED THE TARIFF ON IMPORTED GOODS BY ABOUT 30 PERCENT.
• 16TH AMENDMENT - WITH THE
PASSING OF THIS AMENDMENT AND THE UNDERWOOD TARIFF THE GOVERNMENT WAS NOW ALLOWED TO TAX PEOPLES PERSONAL INCOME.
