Industry Workforce Summary
Industry Workforce Summary Wholesale Trade
This industry workforce summary has been prepared by the Workforce Development Directorate of the Department of Further Education, Employment, Science and Technology using data available from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the National Centre for Vocational Education Research. The profile is based on the ANZSIC industry classification structure and provides initial baseline information to contribute to discussions regarding workforce development requirements. The profile covers common elements and does not purport to provide a complete coverage of all matters in a manner that may be of interest to users. In addition, users may have access to other data that will complement the information in this profile. This profile, together with profiles of other industries, is available from the Workforce Information Service website: www.workforceinfoservice.sa.gov.au Users are encouraged to provide feedback on by emailing comments to Chris Harrison, Director, Workforce Development on: [email protected]
© Minister for Employment, Training and Further Education, 2008
WHOLESALE TRADE WORKFORCE SUMMARY The Department of Further Education, Employment, Science and Technology (DFEEST) has prepared a series of Industry Workforce Summaries for all industries in South Australia. The Industry Workforce Summaries are based on the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industry Classification (ANZSIC), and cover all employing activities. The DFEEST Industry Workforce Summaries are available for each of the following ANZSIC divisions: ANZSIC code
Division
A
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing
B
Mining
C
Manufacturing
D
Electricity, Gas & Water Supply
E
Construction
F
Wholesale Trade
G
Retail Trade
H
Accommodation, Cafes & Restaurants
I
Transport & Storage
J
Communication Services
K
Finance & Insurance
L
Property & Business Services
M
Government Administration & Defence
N
Education
O
Health & Community Services
P
Cultural & Recreational Services
Q
Personal & Other Services
INDUSTRY COMPOSITION For the purpose of this profile, the Wholesale Trade industry is defined as those businesses mainly engaged in wholesale trade. The term `wholesale trade' is used here in the broad sense to include the resale (as agents or principals) of new or used goods to businesses or to institutional (including Government) users. A complete listing of all individual industries involved, and the numbers of people employed in each, is included at Appendix 1 to this document. The Wholesale Trade industry can be viewed by its major activities: !
Basic Material Wholesaling
!
Machinery & Motor Vehicle Wholesaling
!
Personal & Household Good Wholesaling
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 2
WORKFORCE SUMMARY The Wholesale Trade industry employed a total of 33,400 people for the year ended February 2008, accounting for 4.4 per cent of employment in South Australia. The gender distribution of people employed in Wholesale Trade is heavily weighted towards males, and the industry has a slightly younger than average age profile. Employment of both females and older workers has grown in recent years. Due to the nature of work in the Wholesale Trade industry, the highest numbers of people were employed in middle level clerical, sales & service and production & transport occupations. Following this predominance of middle level clerical and production occupations, Certificate Level III and IV qualifications are the most common level of qualification held by workers in the industry. Three-quarters of employment in the Wholesale Trade industry occurs in the Adelaide metropolitan area, reflecting the general distribution of population and employment across the state. Employment in the Wholesale Trade industry has grown by 1.5 per cent between February 1999 and February 2008. This represents an increase of 500 jobs. Employment forecasts for the Wholesale Trade industry suggest that employment will grow steadily from 2007/2008, with an overall increase of approximately 1,700 jobs by 2012/2013. At June 2007 the Wholesale Trade industry’s contribution to South Australian Gross State Product (GSP) was $2,604 Million 1 (4.0 per cent).
WORKFORCE The Wholesale Trade industry employed a total of 33,400 people for the year ended February 2008, accounting for 4.4 per cent of employment in South Australia. For the year ended February 2008, Wholesale Trade was the ninth largest employer of South Australians, accounting for 4.4 per cent of South Australian employment. Table 1. Persons Employed, Year ended February 2008 Employed in Wholesale Trade Basic Material Wholesaling
Percentage of Wholesale Trade workforce
9,100
27.2%
Machinery & Motor Vehicle Wholesaling
10,400
31.1%
Personal & Household Good Wholesaling Total Wholesale Trade
12,700
38.0%
33,400
100.0%
(includes other & not further defined) ABS Labour Force Survey Quarterly
Employment in the Wholesale Trade workforce was relatively evenly spread between the three major sectors, with Personal & Household Good Wholesaling having the largest numbers of employed people. More detailed listing of activities within the Wholesale Trade industry can be found at Appendix 1 to this document. Since February 2003, employment in Wholesale Trade has increased by 3,500 jobs (11.7 per cent). Over that time there has been an increase in the number of people employed across all groups, with a particularly large increase in employment in Basic Material Wholesaling, which includes the wholesaling of farm produce, minerals and builder’s supplies.
1
ABS, Cat 5220.0 Table 5. Expenditure, Income and Industry Components of Gross State Product, South Australia, Chain volume measures
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 3
Table 2. Persons Employed, 2003 and 2008 Persons Employed Year ended Feb 2003
Persons Employed Year ended Feb 2008
Change 20032008
Percentage Change
Basic Material Wholesaling
7,500
9,100
1,600
21.3%
Machinery & Motor Vehicle Wholesaling
9,000
10,400
1,400
15.6%
Personal & Household Good Wholesaling Total Wholesale Trade
12,200
12,700
500
4.1%
29,900
33,400
3,500
11.7%
697,925
767,825
69,900
10.0%
(includes other & not further defined)
All Industries ABS Labour Force Survey
AGE AND SEX The gender distribution of people employed in the Wholesale Trade industry is heavily weighted towards males, and the industry has a slightly younger than average age profile. Employment in the Wholesale Trade industry is weighted towards males, with 70.1 per cent of the workforce being male, significantly higher than the average across all industries of 54.5 per cent. In recent years the Wholesale Trade industry has seen its share of female workers increase, from 24.1 per cent in 2003 to 29.9 per cent in 2008. Figure 1. Employment by Sex, Year ended February 2008
100%
80%
60%
40% All Industries
20% 0%
Wholesale Trade Males Females ABS Labour Force Survey
As can be seen in the following table, Wholesale Trade has an age profile slightly younger than the average across all industries, with higher proportions of people aged 25 to 44 years, and comparatively lower proportions of people in other age groups. In the five years since early 2003 the Wholesale Trade workforce has grown slightly older, with larger shares of workers aged 45 years or older (38.3 per cent of the total Wholesale Trade workforce in February 2008, compared to 35.8 per cent in 2003).
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 4
Table 3. Age Groups, Year ended February Age group
Percentage of Wholesale Trade workforce
Employed in Wholesale Trade
Percentage of All Industries workforce
15-24 years 25-44 years 45-64 years 65 years & older
4,600 15,900 12,100 700
13.8% 47.6% 36.2% 2.1%
17.4% 42.8% 37.3% 2.5%
Total
33,400
100.0%
100.0%
ABS Labour Force Survey
OCCUPATIONS Due to the nature of work in the Wholesale Trade industry, the highest numbers of people were employed in middle level clerical, sales & service and production & transport occupations. As can be seen in Table 4, Intermediate Clerical, Sales & Service Workers and Intermediate Production & Transport Workers account for almost half of the total workforce in the Wholesale Trade industry, with Managers & Administrators and Associate Professionals forming the next largest groups. Table 4. Occupations, Year ended February 2008 Employed in Wholesale Trade
Occupation group
Managers & Administrators Professionals Associate Professionals Tradespersons & Related Workers Advanced Clerical & Service Workers Intermediate Clerical, Sales & Service Workers Intermediate Production & Transport Workers Elementary Clerical, Sales & Service Workers Labourers & Related Workers Total (incl. not stated, inadequately described)
Percentage of Wholesale Trade workforce
Percentage of All Industries workforce
3,900 1,600 3,800 3,200 1,600 7,800 6,800 1,900 2,800
11.7% 4.8% 11.4% 9.6% 4.8% 23.4% 20.4% 5.7% 8.4%
8.7% 17.8% 13.0% 12.3% 3.4% 16.8% 9.4% 9.6% 9.0%
33,400
100.0%
100.0%
ABS Labour Force Survey
Figure 2 shows the dominance of Intermediate Clerical, Sales & Service Workers and Intermediate Production & Transport Workers occupations in the Wholesale Trade industry, compared to the average for all industries. Since early 2003 there has been an increase of just over 50 per cent in the number of Associate Professionals employed in Wholesale Trade, and a 39 per cent increase in Intermediate Production & Transport Workers. At the same time there have been significant declines in both managerial and trades occupations. More detailed information on occupations is available at Appendix 2 to this document.
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 5
Figure 2. Occupations, Year ended February 2008 Managers & Administrators Professionals Associate Professionals Tradespersons & Related Workers Advanced Clerical & Service Workers Intermediate Clerical, Sales & Service Workers Intermediate Production & Transport Workers Elementary Clerical, Sales & Service Workers
All Industries
Labourers & Related Workers 0%
Wholesale Trade 5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
ABS Labour Force Survey
EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS Following the predominance of middle level clerical and production occupations in Wholesale Trade, Certificate Level III and IV qualifications are the most common level of qualification held by workers in the industry. Qualifications As can be seen in the following table, workers in the Wholesale Trade industry have higher likelihood of having Certificate Level III or IV qualifications than workers generally. This corresponds with information previously seen on occupations. There are also above average numbers of people with no qualifications employed in Wholesale Trade. Table 5. Level of Qualifications, 2006 Highest Qualification
Employed in Wholesale Trade
Percentage of Wholesale Trade workforce
Percentage of All Industries workforce
Bachelor degree or above Advanced Diploma & Diploma Level Certificate Level III or IV Certificate Level I or II No qualifications
2,475 1,931 5,868 471 17,092
8.3% 6.5% 19.7% 1.6% 57.3%
18.5% 8.4% 18.4% 1.6% 46.0%
Total (incl. not stated)
29,819
100.0%
100.0%
ABS Population Census 2006
The Wholesale Trade industry has comparatively small proportions of employees with higher level qualifications (diploma or higher), and above average proportions of employees with qualifications at Certificate Level III or IV or lower, or without qualifications.
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 6
Figure 3. Level of Qualifications, 2006 70% All Industries Wholesale Trade
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Bachelor degreee Diploma or Certificate III & IV or above advanced diploma Level
Certificate I & II Level
No qualifications
ABS Population Census 2006
Training and apprenticeships There has been a fluctuating number of apprentices and trainees commencing in the Wholesale Trade industry. As Figure 4 shows, numbers of new apprentices and trainees have fallen from a particularly high peak in 1999 and 2000, with average numbers of approximately 600 new apprentices and trainees per year since then. Figure 4. Commencements of apprentices and trainees, 2006 1,200
Number of commencments
Wholesale Trade 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER)
The number of new apprentices and trainees fell by 35.8 per cent between 2005 and 2006 (a decline of 207 people). This was in line with a general downturn in new apprentice and trainee numbers across all industries in that year, though experienced to a much greater degree in Wholesale Trade (the decline across all industries was just4.9 per cent). The decline in new apprentices and trainee numbers was experienced across all sectors of Wholesale Trade.
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 7
Table 6. Apprentices and Trainees - Commencements 2004
2005
2006
Basic Material Wholesaling
103
112
57
Machinery & Motor Vehicle Wholesaling
190
145
105
Personal & Household Good Wholesaling Total Wholesale Trade
408
321
209
701
578
371
(includes other & not further defined) National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER)
Table 7 shows that the dominance of intermediate clerical and production occupations in the Wholesale Trade industry carries over to apprenticeships and traineeships. The majority of new apprentices and trainees in Wholesale Trade are signed to contracts for Elementary and Intermediate Clerical, Sales & Service Worker occupations and Intermediate Production & Transport Workers. Table 7. Commencing Apprentices and Trainees, 2006 Commencements in Wholesale Trade
Occupation group Managers & Administrators Professionals Associate Professionals Tradespersons & Related Workers Advanced Clerical & Service Workers Intermediate Clerical, Sales & Service Workers Intermediate Production & Transport Workers Elementary Clerical, Sales & Service Workers Labourers & Related Workers Total (incl. not stated, inadequately described)
Percentage of Wholesale Trade commencements
8 8 56 69 0 64 96 45 25
2.2% 2.2% 15.1% 18.6% 0.0% 17.3% 25.9% 12.1% 6.7%
371
100.0%
ABS Labour Force Survey
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION Three-quarters of employment in the Wholesale Trade industry occurs in the Adelaide metropolitan area, reflecting the general distribution of population and employment across the state. Figure 5. Employment in Regions, 2006
South East 4%
Eyre 2%
Northern 3%
Murray Lands 6% Yorke & Low er North 2% Outer Adelaide 8%
Adelaide 75%
ABS Population Census 2006
Consistent with this general population and employment distribution, the Outer Adelaide area has the second-largest Wholesale Trade workforce. Note that information relative to the distribution of the SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 8
workforce is based on where the employee lives, rather than their work location. Workers may travel to sites different to their home address for the purposes of work. Most areas of the state have shown decreased employment in Wholesale Trade between 2001 and 2006, ranging from small declines in areas such as Outer Adelaide to large reductions in employment in the far north of the state. Appendix 3 shows finer detail on the regional distribution of the Wholesale Trade industry workforce, and reflects changes in employment between 2001 and 2006.
TRENDS IN EMPLOYMENT Employment in the Wholesale Trade industry has grown by 1.5 per cent between February 1999 and February 2008. This represents an increase of 500 jobs. During the period between February 1999 and February 2008, overall employment in South Australia increased by 18.6 per cent (representing approximately 120,000 jobs). The Wholesale Trade industry recorded the smallest growth over that period, apart from those industries experiencing overall losses in employment. Table 9. Employment Trends, 1999 to 2008 Employment Year ended Feb 2008
Industry
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing
Change since Feb 1999
Percentage change since Feb 1999
39,200
-7,000
-15.2%
Mining Manufacturing Electricity, Gas & Water Supply Construction Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Accommodation, Cafes & Restaurants Transport & Storage Communication Services Finance & Insurance Property & Business Services Government Administration & Defence Education Health & Community Services Cultural & Recreational Services Personal & Other Services
10,000 93,500 7,500 56,100 33,400 117,400 32,900 29,400 12,200 23,900 76,600 39,900 52,000 95,800 16,100 32,100
5, 600 -1,900 3,300 19,100 500 21,000 -700 7,800 1,700 5,500 11,200 18,300 6,300 22,900 2,800 4,400
127.3% -2.0% 78.6% 51.6% 1.5% 21.8% -2.1% 36.1% 16.2% 29.9% 17.1% 84.7% 13.8% 31.4% 21.1% 15.9%
All Industries
767,800
120,600
18.6%
ABS Labour Force Survey
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 9
FUTURE TRENDS Employment forecasts for the Wholesale Trade industry suggest that employment will grow steadily from 2007/2008, with an overall increase of approximately 1,700 jobs by 2012/2013. Employment forecasts produced by the Monash Centre of Policy Studies in 2007 show employment in Wholesale Trade rising steadily from 2007/2008. By 2011/2012 there is forecast to be approximately 1,700 new jobs in the industry, representing an average annual increase of more than 300 jobs (1.0 per cent per year). This information does not include turnover in employment. It should be noted that the forecast employment level in Wholesale Trade for 2007/2008 is lower than officially measured employment previously described, by approximately 1,000 jobs. Figure 6. Employment Projections 36,000 Wholesale Trade 34,000
32,000
30,000
28,000 2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
Monash Centre of Policy Studies, 2006
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 10
2012/13
APPENDIX 1: Employment in Wholesale Trade, 2006 Total employed
Industry Class
F000 Wholesale Trade, undefined 4500 Basic Material Wholesaling, undefined 4510 Farm Produce Wholesaling, undefined 4511 Wool Wholesaling 4512 Cereal Grain Wholesaling 4519 Farm Produce & Supplies Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified 4520 Mineral, Metal & Chemical Wholesaling, undefined 4521 Petroleum Product Wholesaling 4522 Metal & Mineral Wholesaling 4523 Chemical Wholesaling 4530 Builders Supplies Wholesaling, undefined 4531 Timber Wholesaling 4539 Building Supplies Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified 4600 Machinery & Motor Vehicle Wholesaling, undefined 4610 Machinery & Equipment Wholesaling, undefined 4611 Farm & Construction Machinery Wholesaling 4612 Professional Equipment Wholesaling 4613 Computer Wholesaling 4614 Business Machine Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified 4615 Electrical & Electronic Equipment Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified 4619 Machinery & Equipment Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified 4620 Motor Vehicle Wholesaling, undefined 4621 Car Wholesaling 4622 Commercial Vehicle Wholesaling 4623 Motor Vehicle New Part Dealing 4624 Motor Vehicle Dismantling & Used Part Dealing 4700 Personal & Household Good Wholesaling, undefined 4710 Food, Drink & Tobacco Wholesaling, undefined 4711 Meat Wholesaling 4712 Poultry & Smallgood Wholesaling 4713 Dairy Produce Wholesaling 4714 Fish Wholesaling 4715 Fruit & Vegetable Wholesaling 4716 Confectionery & Soft Drink Wholesaling 4717 Liquor Wholesaling 4718 Tobacco Product Wholesaling 4719 Grocery Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified 4720 Textile, Clothing & Footwear Wholesaling, undefined 4721 Textile Product Wholesaling 4722 Clothing Wholesaling 4723 Footwear Wholesaling 4730 Household Good Wholesaling, undefined 4731 Household Appliance Wholesaling 4732 Furniture Wholesaling 4733 Floor Covering Wholesaling 4739 Household Good Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified 4790 Other Wholesaling, undefined 4791 Photographic Equipment Wholesaling 4792 Jewellery & Watch Wholesaling 4793 Toy & Sporting Good Wholesaling 4794 Book & Magazine Wholesaling 4795 Paper Product Wholesaling 4796 Pharmaceutical & Toiletry Wholesaling 4799 Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified Total
1,680 21 6 132 434 1,921 3 393 864 377 5 478 1,793 39 148 1,281 374 555 455 1,319 2,125 114 299 342 1,873 280 106 30 756 186 286 468 2,108 169 1,127 47 2,051 6 204 385 80 18 295 187 81 423 53 47 136 289 171 854 1,081 839
5.6% 0.1% 0.0% 0.4% 1.5% 6.4% 0.0% 1.3% 2.9% 1.3% 0.0% 1.6% 6.0% 0.1% 0.5% 4.3% 1.3% 1.9% 1.5% 4.4% 7.1% 0.4% 1.0% 1.1% 6.3% 0.9% 0.4% 0.1% 2.5% 0.6% 1.0% 1.6% 7.1% 0.6% 3.8% 0.2% 6.9% 0.0% 0.7% 1.3% 0.3% 0.1% 1.0% 0.6% 0.3% 1.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.5% 1.0% 0.6% 2.9% 3.6% 2.8%
29,794
100.0%
ABS Population Census 2006
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 11
Percentage of Wholesale Trade workforce
APPENDIX 2: Wholesale Trade Occupations, 2006 Total employed
Occupation group
10 Managers & Administrators, not further defined 11 Generalist Managers 12 Specialist Managers 13 Farmers & Farm Managers 20 Professionals, not further defined 21 Science, Building & Engineering Professionals 22 Business & Information Professionals 23 Health Professionals 24 Education Professionals 25 Social, Arts & Miscellaneous Professionals 30 Associate Professionals, not further defined 31 Science, Engineering & Related Associate Professionals 32 Business & Administration Associate Professionals 33 Managing Supervisors (Sales & Service) 34 Health & Welfare Associate Professionals 39 Other Associate Professionals 40 Tradespersons & Related Workers, not further defined 41 Mechanical & Fabrication Engineering Tradespersons 42 Automotive Tradespersons 43 Electrical & Electronics Tradespersons 44 Construction Tradespersons 45 Food Tradespersons 46 Skilled Agricultural & Horticultural Workers 49 Other Tradespersons & Related Workers 50 Advanced Clerical & Service Workers, not further defined 51 Secretaries & Personal Assistants 59 Other Advanced Clerical & Service Workers 60 Intermediate Clerical, Sales & Service Workers, not further defined 61 Intermediate Clerical Workers 62 Intermediate Sales & Related Workers 63 Intermediate Service Workers 70 Intermediate Production & Transport Workers, not further defined 71 Intermediate Plant Operators 72 Intermediate Machine Operators 73 Road & Rail Transport Drivers 79 Other Intermediate Production & Transport Workers 80 Elementary Clerical, Sales & Service Workers, not further defined 81 Elementary Clerks 82 Elementary Sales Workers 83 Elementary Service Workers 90 Labourers & Related Workers, not further defined 91 Cleaners 92 Factory Labourers 99 Other Labourers & Related Workers Total (includes not stated)
274 1,560 2,076 298 18 254 1,731 43 9 120 19 237 1,131 1,322 11 78 106 756 590 519 133 382 179 200 0 418 309 25 3,283 3,732 61 46 782 195 976 2,434 0 76 1,956 71 78 257 1,896 877
0.9% 5.2% 7.0% 1.0% 0.1% 0.9% 5.8% 0.1% 0.0% 0.4% 0.1% 0.8% 3.8% 4.4% 0.0% 0.3% 0.4% 2.5% 2.0% 1.7% 0.4% 1.3% 0.6% 0.7% 0.0% 1.4% 1.0% 0.1% 11.0% 12.5% 0.2% 0.2% 2.6% 0.7% 3.3% 8.2% 0.0% 0.3% 6.6% 0.2% 0.3% 0.9% 6.4% 2.9%
29,794
100.0%
ABS Population Census 2006
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 12
Percentage of Wholesale Trade workforce
APPENDIX 3: Regional Employment in Wholesale Trade Employed in Wholesale Trade 2006
Region
Adelaide Metro Northern Adelaide Western Adelaide Eastern Adelaide Southern Adelaide Outer Adelaide Barossa Kangaroo Island Mount Lofty Ranges Fleurieu Yorke & Lower North Yorke Lower North Murray Lands Riverland Murray Mallee South East Upper South East Lower South East Eyre Lincoln West Coast Northern SA Whyalla Pirie Flinders Ranges Far North Total (incl. not stated, no usual address)
Employment change since 2001
22,442
-1,001
-4.3%
7,763 4,382 4,395 5,902
-447 -296 -69 -189
-5.4% -6.3% -1.5% -3.1%
2,365
38
1.6%
931 51 972 411
52 -8 12 -18
5.9% -13.6% 1.3% -4.2%
597
-115
-16.2%
329 268
-62 -53
-15.9% -16.5%
1,675
-160
-8.7%
1,230 445
-16 -144
-1.3% -24.4%
1,277
-251
-16.4%
449 828
-161 -90
-26.4% -9.8%
593
-74
-11.1%
516 77
-52 -22
-9.2% -22.2%
794
-253
-24.2%
181 326 203 84
-73 -76 -29 -75
-28.7% -18.9% -12.5% -47.2%
29,806
-1,763
-5.6%
ABS Population Census 2006
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 13
Percentage change since 2001
This industry workforce summary has been prepared by the Workforce Development Directorate of the Department of Further Education, Employment, Science and Technology using data available from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the National Centre for Vocational Education Research. The profile is based on the ANZSIC industry classification structure and provides initial baseline information to contribute to discussions regarding workforce development requirements. The profile covers common elements and does not purport to provide a complete coverage of all matters in a manner that may be of interest to users. In addition, users may have access to other data that will complement the information in this profile. This profile, together with profiles of other industries, is available from the Workforce Information Service website: www.workforceinfoservice.sa.gov.au Users are encouraged to provide feedback on by emailing comments to Chris Harrison, Director, Workforce Development on: [email protected]
© Minister for Employment, Training and Further Education, 2008
WHOLESALE TRADE WORKFORCE SUMMARY The Department of Further Education, Employment, Science and Technology (DFEEST) has prepared a series of Industry Workforce Summaries for all industries in South Australia. The Industry Workforce Summaries are based on the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industry Classification (ANZSIC), and cover all employing activities. The DFEEST Industry Workforce Summaries are available for each of the following ANZSIC divisions: ANZSIC code
Division
A
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing
B
Mining
C
Manufacturing
D
Electricity, Gas & Water Supply
E
Construction
F
Wholesale Trade
G
Retail Trade
H
Accommodation, Cafes & Restaurants
I
Transport & Storage
J
Communication Services
K
Finance & Insurance
L
Property & Business Services
M
Government Administration & Defence
N
Education
O
Health & Community Services
P
Cultural & Recreational Services
Q
Personal & Other Services
INDUSTRY COMPOSITION For the purpose of this profile, the Wholesale Trade industry is defined as those businesses mainly engaged in wholesale trade. The term `wholesale trade' is used here in the broad sense to include the resale (as agents or principals) of new or used goods to businesses or to institutional (including Government) users. A complete listing of all individual industries involved, and the numbers of people employed in each, is included at Appendix 1 to this document. The Wholesale Trade industry can be viewed by its major activities: !
Basic Material Wholesaling
!
Machinery & Motor Vehicle Wholesaling
!
Personal & Household Good Wholesaling
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 2
WORKFORCE SUMMARY The Wholesale Trade industry employed a total of 33,400 people for the year ended February 2008, accounting for 4.4 per cent of employment in South Australia. The gender distribution of people employed in Wholesale Trade is heavily weighted towards males, and the industry has a slightly younger than average age profile. Employment of both females and older workers has grown in recent years. Due to the nature of work in the Wholesale Trade industry, the highest numbers of people were employed in middle level clerical, sales & service and production & transport occupations. Following this predominance of middle level clerical and production occupations, Certificate Level III and IV qualifications are the most common level of qualification held by workers in the industry. Three-quarters of employment in the Wholesale Trade industry occurs in the Adelaide metropolitan area, reflecting the general distribution of population and employment across the state. Employment in the Wholesale Trade industry has grown by 1.5 per cent between February 1999 and February 2008. This represents an increase of 500 jobs. Employment forecasts for the Wholesale Trade industry suggest that employment will grow steadily from 2007/2008, with an overall increase of approximately 1,700 jobs by 2012/2013. At June 2007 the Wholesale Trade industry’s contribution to South Australian Gross State Product (GSP) was $2,604 Million 1 (4.0 per cent).
WORKFORCE The Wholesale Trade industry employed a total of 33,400 people for the year ended February 2008, accounting for 4.4 per cent of employment in South Australia. For the year ended February 2008, Wholesale Trade was the ninth largest employer of South Australians, accounting for 4.4 per cent of South Australian employment. Table 1. Persons Employed, Year ended February 2008 Employed in Wholesale Trade Basic Material Wholesaling
Percentage of Wholesale Trade workforce
9,100
27.2%
Machinery & Motor Vehicle Wholesaling
10,400
31.1%
Personal & Household Good Wholesaling Total Wholesale Trade
12,700
38.0%
33,400
100.0%
(includes other & not further defined) ABS Labour Force Survey Quarterly
Employment in the Wholesale Trade workforce was relatively evenly spread between the three major sectors, with Personal & Household Good Wholesaling having the largest numbers of employed people. More detailed listing of activities within the Wholesale Trade industry can be found at Appendix 1 to this document. Since February 2003, employment in Wholesale Trade has increased by 3,500 jobs (11.7 per cent). Over that time there has been an increase in the number of people employed across all groups, with a particularly large increase in employment in Basic Material Wholesaling, which includes the wholesaling of farm produce, minerals and builder’s supplies.
1
ABS, Cat 5220.0 Table 5. Expenditure, Income and Industry Components of Gross State Product, South Australia, Chain volume measures
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 3
Table 2. Persons Employed, 2003 and 2008 Persons Employed Year ended Feb 2003
Persons Employed Year ended Feb 2008
Change 20032008
Percentage Change
Basic Material Wholesaling
7,500
9,100
1,600
21.3%
Machinery & Motor Vehicle Wholesaling
9,000
10,400
1,400
15.6%
Personal & Household Good Wholesaling Total Wholesale Trade
12,200
12,700
500
4.1%
29,900
33,400
3,500
11.7%
697,925
767,825
69,900
10.0%
(includes other & not further defined)
All Industries ABS Labour Force Survey
AGE AND SEX The gender distribution of people employed in the Wholesale Trade industry is heavily weighted towards males, and the industry has a slightly younger than average age profile. Employment in the Wholesale Trade industry is weighted towards males, with 70.1 per cent of the workforce being male, significantly higher than the average across all industries of 54.5 per cent. In recent years the Wholesale Trade industry has seen its share of female workers increase, from 24.1 per cent in 2003 to 29.9 per cent in 2008. Figure 1. Employment by Sex, Year ended February 2008
100%
80%
60%
40% All Industries
20% 0%
Wholesale Trade Males Females ABS Labour Force Survey
As can be seen in the following table, Wholesale Trade has an age profile slightly younger than the average across all industries, with higher proportions of people aged 25 to 44 years, and comparatively lower proportions of people in other age groups. In the five years since early 2003 the Wholesale Trade workforce has grown slightly older, with larger shares of workers aged 45 years or older (38.3 per cent of the total Wholesale Trade workforce in February 2008, compared to 35.8 per cent in 2003).
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 4
Table 3. Age Groups, Year ended February Age group
Percentage of Wholesale Trade workforce
Employed in Wholesale Trade
Percentage of All Industries workforce
15-24 years 25-44 years 45-64 years 65 years & older
4,600 15,900 12,100 700
13.8% 47.6% 36.2% 2.1%
17.4% 42.8% 37.3% 2.5%
Total
33,400
100.0%
100.0%
ABS Labour Force Survey
OCCUPATIONS Due to the nature of work in the Wholesale Trade industry, the highest numbers of people were employed in middle level clerical, sales & service and production & transport occupations. As can be seen in Table 4, Intermediate Clerical, Sales & Service Workers and Intermediate Production & Transport Workers account for almost half of the total workforce in the Wholesale Trade industry, with Managers & Administrators and Associate Professionals forming the next largest groups. Table 4. Occupations, Year ended February 2008 Employed in Wholesale Trade
Occupation group
Managers & Administrators Professionals Associate Professionals Tradespersons & Related Workers Advanced Clerical & Service Workers Intermediate Clerical, Sales & Service Workers Intermediate Production & Transport Workers Elementary Clerical, Sales & Service Workers Labourers & Related Workers Total (incl. not stated, inadequately described)
Percentage of Wholesale Trade workforce
Percentage of All Industries workforce
3,900 1,600 3,800 3,200 1,600 7,800 6,800 1,900 2,800
11.7% 4.8% 11.4% 9.6% 4.8% 23.4% 20.4% 5.7% 8.4%
8.7% 17.8% 13.0% 12.3% 3.4% 16.8% 9.4% 9.6% 9.0%
33,400
100.0%
100.0%
ABS Labour Force Survey
Figure 2 shows the dominance of Intermediate Clerical, Sales & Service Workers and Intermediate Production & Transport Workers occupations in the Wholesale Trade industry, compared to the average for all industries. Since early 2003 there has been an increase of just over 50 per cent in the number of Associate Professionals employed in Wholesale Trade, and a 39 per cent increase in Intermediate Production & Transport Workers. At the same time there have been significant declines in both managerial and trades occupations. More detailed information on occupations is available at Appendix 2 to this document.
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 5
Figure 2. Occupations, Year ended February 2008 Managers & Administrators Professionals Associate Professionals Tradespersons & Related Workers Advanced Clerical & Service Workers Intermediate Clerical, Sales & Service Workers Intermediate Production & Transport Workers Elementary Clerical, Sales & Service Workers
All Industries
Labourers & Related Workers 0%
Wholesale Trade 5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
ABS Labour Force Survey
EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS Following the predominance of middle level clerical and production occupations in Wholesale Trade, Certificate Level III and IV qualifications are the most common level of qualification held by workers in the industry. Qualifications As can be seen in the following table, workers in the Wholesale Trade industry have higher likelihood of having Certificate Level III or IV qualifications than workers generally. This corresponds with information previously seen on occupations. There are also above average numbers of people with no qualifications employed in Wholesale Trade. Table 5. Level of Qualifications, 2006 Highest Qualification
Employed in Wholesale Trade
Percentage of Wholesale Trade workforce
Percentage of All Industries workforce
Bachelor degree or above Advanced Diploma & Diploma Level Certificate Level III or IV Certificate Level I or II No qualifications
2,475 1,931 5,868 471 17,092
8.3% 6.5% 19.7% 1.6% 57.3%
18.5% 8.4% 18.4% 1.6% 46.0%
Total (incl. not stated)
29,819
100.0%
100.0%
ABS Population Census 2006
The Wholesale Trade industry has comparatively small proportions of employees with higher level qualifications (diploma or higher), and above average proportions of employees with qualifications at Certificate Level III or IV or lower, or without qualifications.
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 6
Figure 3. Level of Qualifications, 2006 70% All Industries Wholesale Trade
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Bachelor degreee Diploma or Certificate III & IV or above advanced diploma Level
Certificate I & II Level
No qualifications
ABS Population Census 2006
Training and apprenticeships There has been a fluctuating number of apprentices and trainees commencing in the Wholesale Trade industry. As Figure 4 shows, numbers of new apprentices and trainees have fallen from a particularly high peak in 1999 and 2000, with average numbers of approximately 600 new apprentices and trainees per year since then. Figure 4. Commencements of apprentices and trainees, 2006 1,200
Number of commencments
Wholesale Trade 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER)
The number of new apprentices and trainees fell by 35.8 per cent between 2005 and 2006 (a decline of 207 people). This was in line with a general downturn in new apprentice and trainee numbers across all industries in that year, though experienced to a much greater degree in Wholesale Trade (the decline across all industries was just4.9 per cent). The decline in new apprentices and trainee numbers was experienced across all sectors of Wholesale Trade.
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 7
Table 6. Apprentices and Trainees - Commencements 2004
2005
2006
Basic Material Wholesaling
103
112
57
Machinery & Motor Vehicle Wholesaling
190
145
105
Personal & Household Good Wholesaling Total Wholesale Trade
408
321
209
701
578
371
(includes other & not further defined) National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER)
Table 7 shows that the dominance of intermediate clerical and production occupations in the Wholesale Trade industry carries over to apprenticeships and traineeships. The majority of new apprentices and trainees in Wholesale Trade are signed to contracts for Elementary and Intermediate Clerical, Sales & Service Worker occupations and Intermediate Production & Transport Workers. Table 7. Commencing Apprentices and Trainees, 2006 Commencements in Wholesale Trade
Occupation group Managers & Administrators Professionals Associate Professionals Tradespersons & Related Workers Advanced Clerical & Service Workers Intermediate Clerical, Sales & Service Workers Intermediate Production & Transport Workers Elementary Clerical, Sales & Service Workers Labourers & Related Workers Total (incl. not stated, inadequately described)
Percentage of Wholesale Trade commencements
8 8 56 69 0 64 96 45 25
2.2% 2.2% 15.1% 18.6% 0.0% 17.3% 25.9% 12.1% 6.7%
371
100.0%
ABS Labour Force Survey
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION Three-quarters of employment in the Wholesale Trade industry occurs in the Adelaide metropolitan area, reflecting the general distribution of population and employment across the state. Figure 5. Employment in Regions, 2006
South East 4%
Eyre 2%
Northern 3%
Murray Lands 6% Yorke & Low er North 2% Outer Adelaide 8%
Adelaide 75%
ABS Population Census 2006
Consistent with this general population and employment distribution, the Outer Adelaide area has the second-largest Wholesale Trade workforce. Note that information relative to the distribution of the SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 8
workforce is based on where the employee lives, rather than their work location. Workers may travel to sites different to their home address for the purposes of work. Most areas of the state have shown decreased employment in Wholesale Trade between 2001 and 2006, ranging from small declines in areas such as Outer Adelaide to large reductions in employment in the far north of the state. Appendix 3 shows finer detail on the regional distribution of the Wholesale Trade industry workforce, and reflects changes in employment between 2001 and 2006.
TRENDS IN EMPLOYMENT Employment in the Wholesale Trade industry has grown by 1.5 per cent between February 1999 and February 2008. This represents an increase of 500 jobs. During the period between February 1999 and February 2008, overall employment in South Australia increased by 18.6 per cent (representing approximately 120,000 jobs). The Wholesale Trade industry recorded the smallest growth over that period, apart from those industries experiencing overall losses in employment. Table 9. Employment Trends, 1999 to 2008 Employment Year ended Feb 2008
Industry
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing
Change since Feb 1999
Percentage change since Feb 1999
39,200
-7,000
-15.2%
Mining Manufacturing Electricity, Gas & Water Supply Construction Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Accommodation, Cafes & Restaurants Transport & Storage Communication Services Finance & Insurance Property & Business Services Government Administration & Defence Education Health & Community Services Cultural & Recreational Services Personal & Other Services
10,000 93,500 7,500 56,100 33,400 117,400 32,900 29,400 12,200 23,900 76,600 39,900 52,000 95,800 16,100 32,100
5, 600 -1,900 3,300 19,100 500 21,000 -700 7,800 1,700 5,500 11,200 18,300 6,300 22,900 2,800 4,400
127.3% -2.0% 78.6% 51.6% 1.5% 21.8% -2.1% 36.1% 16.2% 29.9% 17.1% 84.7% 13.8% 31.4% 21.1% 15.9%
All Industries
767,800
120,600
18.6%
ABS Labour Force Survey
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 9
FUTURE TRENDS Employment forecasts for the Wholesale Trade industry suggest that employment will grow steadily from 2007/2008, with an overall increase of approximately 1,700 jobs by 2012/2013. Employment forecasts produced by the Monash Centre of Policy Studies in 2007 show employment in Wholesale Trade rising steadily from 2007/2008. By 2011/2012 there is forecast to be approximately 1,700 new jobs in the industry, representing an average annual increase of more than 300 jobs (1.0 per cent per year). This information does not include turnover in employment. It should be noted that the forecast employment level in Wholesale Trade for 2007/2008 is lower than officially measured employment previously described, by approximately 1,000 jobs. Figure 6. Employment Projections 36,000 Wholesale Trade 34,000
32,000
30,000
28,000 2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
Monash Centre of Policy Studies, 2006
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 10
2012/13
APPENDIX 1: Employment in Wholesale Trade, 2006 Total employed
Industry Class
F000 Wholesale Trade, undefined 4500 Basic Material Wholesaling, undefined 4510 Farm Produce Wholesaling, undefined 4511 Wool Wholesaling 4512 Cereal Grain Wholesaling 4519 Farm Produce & Supplies Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified 4520 Mineral, Metal & Chemical Wholesaling, undefined 4521 Petroleum Product Wholesaling 4522 Metal & Mineral Wholesaling 4523 Chemical Wholesaling 4530 Builders Supplies Wholesaling, undefined 4531 Timber Wholesaling 4539 Building Supplies Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified 4600 Machinery & Motor Vehicle Wholesaling, undefined 4610 Machinery & Equipment Wholesaling, undefined 4611 Farm & Construction Machinery Wholesaling 4612 Professional Equipment Wholesaling 4613 Computer Wholesaling 4614 Business Machine Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified 4615 Electrical & Electronic Equipment Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified 4619 Machinery & Equipment Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified 4620 Motor Vehicle Wholesaling, undefined 4621 Car Wholesaling 4622 Commercial Vehicle Wholesaling 4623 Motor Vehicle New Part Dealing 4624 Motor Vehicle Dismantling & Used Part Dealing 4700 Personal & Household Good Wholesaling, undefined 4710 Food, Drink & Tobacco Wholesaling, undefined 4711 Meat Wholesaling 4712 Poultry & Smallgood Wholesaling 4713 Dairy Produce Wholesaling 4714 Fish Wholesaling 4715 Fruit & Vegetable Wholesaling 4716 Confectionery & Soft Drink Wholesaling 4717 Liquor Wholesaling 4718 Tobacco Product Wholesaling 4719 Grocery Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified 4720 Textile, Clothing & Footwear Wholesaling, undefined 4721 Textile Product Wholesaling 4722 Clothing Wholesaling 4723 Footwear Wholesaling 4730 Household Good Wholesaling, undefined 4731 Household Appliance Wholesaling 4732 Furniture Wholesaling 4733 Floor Covering Wholesaling 4739 Household Good Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified 4790 Other Wholesaling, undefined 4791 Photographic Equipment Wholesaling 4792 Jewellery & Watch Wholesaling 4793 Toy & Sporting Good Wholesaling 4794 Book & Magazine Wholesaling 4795 Paper Product Wholesaling 4796 Pharmaceutical & Toiletry Wholesaling 4799 Wholesaling, not elsewhere classified Total
1,680 21 6 132 434 1,921 3 393 864 377 5 478 1,793 39 148 1,281 374 555 455 1,319 2,125 114 299 342 1,873 280 106 30 756 186 286 468 2,108 169 1,127 47 2,051 6 204 385 80 18 295 187 81 423 53 47 136 289 171 854 1,081 839
5.6% 0.1% 0.0% 0.4% 1.5% 6.4% 0.0% 1.3% 2.9% 1.3% 0.0% 1.6% 6.0% 0.1% 0.5% 4.3% 1.3% 1.9% 1.5% 4.4% 7.1% 0.4% 1.0% 1.1% 6.3% 0.9% 0.4% 0.1% 2.5% 0.6% 1.0% 1.6% 7.1% 0.6% 3.8% 0.2% 6.9% 0.0% 0.7% 1.3% 0.3% 0.1% 1.0% 0.6% 0.3% 1.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.5% 1.0% 0.6% 2.9% 3.6% 2.8%
29,794
100.0%
ABS Population Census 2006
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 11
Percentage of Wholesale Trade workforce
APPENDIX 2: Wholesale Trade Occupations, 2006 Total employed
Occupation group
10 Managers & Administrators, not further defined 11 Generalist Managers 12 Specialist Managers 13 Farmers & Farm Managers 20 Professionals, not further defined 21 Science, Building & Engineering Professionals 22 Business & Information Professionals 23 Health Professionals 24 Education Professionals 25 Social, Arts & Miscellaneous Professionals 30 Associate Professionals, not further defined 31 Science, Engineering & Related Associate Professionals 32 Business & Administration Associate Professionals 33 Managing Supervisors (Sales & Service) 34 Health & Welfare Associate Professionals 39 Other Associate Professionals 40 Tradespersons & Related Workers, not further defined 41 Mechanical & Fabrication Engineering Tradespersons 42 Automotive Tradespersons 43 Electrical & Electronics Tradespersons 44 Construction Tradespersons 45 Food Tradespersons 46 Skilled Agricultural & Horticultural Workers 49 Other Tradespersons & Related Workers 50 Advanced Clerical & Service Workers, not further defined 51 Secretaries & Personal Assistants 59 Other Advanced Clerical & Service Workers 60 Intermediate Clerical, Sales & Service Workers, not further defined 61 Intermediate Clerical Workers 62 Intermediate Sales & Related Workers 63 Intermediate Service Workers 70 Intermediate Production & Transport Workers, not further defined 71 Intermediate Plant Operators 72 Intermediate Machine Operators 73 Road & Rail Transport Drivers 79 Other Intermediate Production & Transport Workers 80 Elementary Clerical, Sales & Service Workers, not further defined 81 Elementary Clerks 82 Elementary Sales Workers 83 Elementary Service Workers 90 Labourers & Related Workers, not further defined 91 Cleaners 92 Factory Labourers 99 Other Labourers & Related Workers Total (includes not stated)
274 1,560 2,076 298 18 254 1,731 43 9 120 19 237 1,131 1,322 11 78 106 756 590 519 133 382 179 200 0 418 309 25 3,283 3,732 61 46 782 195 976 2,434 0 76 1,956 71 78 257 1,896 877
0.9% 5.2% 7.0% 1.0% 0.1% 0.9% 5.8% 0.1% 0.0% 0.4% 0.1% 0.8% 3.8% 4.4% 0.0% 0.3% 0.4% 2.5% 2.0% 1.7% 0.4% 1.3% 0.6% 0.7% 0.0% 1.4% 1.0% 0.1% 11.0% 12.5% 0.2% 0.2% 2.6% 0.7% 3.3% 8.2% 0.0% 0.3% 6.6% 0.2% 0.3% 0.9% 6.4% 2.9%
29,794
100.0%
ABS Population Census 2006
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 12
Percentage of Wholesale Trade workforce
APPENDIX 3: Regional Employment in Wholesale Trade Employed in Wholesale Trade 2006
Region
Adelaide Metro Northern Adelaide Western Adelaide Eastern Adelaide Southern Adelaide Outer Adelaide Barossa Kangaroo Island Mount Lofty Ranges Fleurieu Yorke & Lower North Yorke Lower North Murray Lands Riverland Murray Mallee South East Upper South East Lower South East Eyre Lincoln West Coast Northern SA Whyalla Pirie Flinders Ranges Far North Total (incl. not stated, no usual address)
Employment change since 2001
22,442
-1,001
-4.3%
7,763 4,382 4,395 5,902
-447 -296 -69 -189
-5.4% -6.3% -1.5% -3.1%
2,365
38
1.6%
931 51 972 411
52 -8 12 -18
5.9% -13.6% 1.3% -4.2%
597
-115
-16.2%
329 268
-62 -53
-15.9% -16.5%
1,675
-160
-8.7%
1,230 445
-16 -144
-1.3% -24.4%
1,277
-251
-16.4%
449 828
-161 -90
-26.4% -9.8%
593
-74
-11.1%
516 77
-52 -22
-9.2% -22.2%
794
-253
-24.2%
181 326 203 84
-73 -76 -29 -75
-28.7% -18.9% -12.5% -47.2%
29,806
-1,763
-5.6%
ABS Population Census 2006
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE SUMMARY 13
Percentage change since 2001
