LNG Basics for Petroleum Engineers
LNG Basics for Petroleum Engineers
Michael Choi Retired
1
Primary funding is provided by
The SPE Foundation through member donations and a contribution from Offshore Europe The Society is grateful to those companies that allow their professionals to serve as lecturers Additional support provided by AIME
Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program www.spe.org/dl
2
Present an Overview of LNG Plant • • • • •
Oman LNG Plant
• • • •
Why LNG? Pre-Treatment Required Typical Multi-Trains Plant Natural Gas Liquefaction Thermodynamics Commercial Liquefaction Processes Equipment for Liquefaction Unique Auxiliary Facilities Novel Plant Concepts Concluding Remarks
3
Stranded Gas Looking for Markets • LNG Proved to be Most Economic for Distances >1,500 Mile • Volume Reduction of 600:1 • Transported in Insulated Tankers @ -162C & 1 atm.
Supply Demand
4
LNG Process & Equipment ? Big Refrigeration System
• • •
Compressor/Driver Refrigerant Condenser Evaporator (Process Heat Exchanger)
Similar to the AC System in Our Home!
5
Typical 2-Train LNG Plant MakeUp Fuel
Gas Gathering
Train 1 Gas
Inlet Gas Reception
1.5 Bcfd
Fuel
Inlet Gas Treating
NGL Recovery
Liquefaction
LNG Storage LNG
Liquid Train 2
Condensate Stabilization
8 Mtpa (1.1 Bcfd)
NGL Fractionation Propane Storage
Propane
Butane Storage
Butane
Condensate Storage
.73 Mtpa (27 Mbpd)
.5 Mtpa (17 Mbpd) Condensate
1.2 Mtpa (34 Mbpd) 6
Typical 2-Train LNG Plant MakeUp Fuel
Gas Gathering
Train 1
Inlet Gas Reception
1.7 Bcfd
Fuel
Gas
Inlet Gas Treating
NGL Recovery
Liquefaction
LNG Storage LNG
Liquid
Inlet Gas Reception • Pipeline Manifold Train 2 • Pig Receivers • Inlet Separator Condensate • Slug CatcherStabilization
9 Mtpa (1.2 Bcfd)
NGL Fractionation Propane Storage
Propane
Butane Storage
Butane
Condensate Storage
.73 Mtpa (27 Mbpd)
.5 Mtpa (17 Mbpd) Condensate
1.2 Mtpa (34 Mbpd) 7
Typical 2-Train LNG Plant MakeUp Fuel
Gas Gathering
Train 1 Gas
Inlet Gas Reception
1.7 Bcfd
Fuel
Inlet Gas Treating
NGL Recovery
Liquefaction
LNG Storage LNG
Liquid Train 2
Condensate Stabilization
Condensate Stabilization • Multi-Stage Column • Vapor Compressor • 10-12 psia RVP • De-Odorized
9 Mtpa (1.2 Bcfd)
NGL Fractionation Propane Storage
Propane
Butane Storage
Butane
Condensate Storage
.73 Mtpa (27 Mbpd)
.5 Mtpa (17 Mbpd) Condensate
1.2 Mtpa (34 Mbpd) 8
Typical 2-Train LNG Plant MakeUp Fuel
Gas Gathering
Train 1
Inlet Gas Reception
1.7 Bcfd
• •
•
Fuel
Gas
Inlet Gas Treating
NGL Recovery
Liquefaction
LNG Storage LNG
Liquid
Inlet Gas Treating Amine for CO H2S Removal NGL 2& Train 2 •
Michael Choi Retired
1
Primary funding is provided by
The SPE Foundation through member donations and a contribution from Offshore Europe The Society is grateful to those companies that allow their professionals to serve as lecturers Additional support provided by AIME
Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program www.spe.org/dl
2
Present an Overview of LNG Plant • • • • •
Oman LNG Plant
• • • •
Why LNG? Pre-Treatment Required Typical Multi-Trains Plant Natural Gas Liquefaction Thermodynamics Commercial Liquefaction Processes Equipment for Liquefaction Unique Auxiliary Facilities Novel Plant Concepts Concluding Remarks
3
Stranded Gas Looking for Markets • LNG Proved to be Most Economic for Distances >1,500 Mile • Volume Reduction of 600:1 • Transported in Insulated Tankers @ -162C & 1 atm.
Supply Demand
4
LNG Process & Equipment ? Big Refrigeration System
• • •
Compressor/Driver Refrigerant Condenser Evaporator (Process Heat Exchanger)
Similar to the AC System in Our Home!
5
Typical 2-Train LNG Plant MakeUp Fuel
Gas Gathering
Train 1 Gas
Inlet Gas Reception
1.5 Bcfd
Fuel
Inlet Gas Treating
NGL Recovery
Liquefaction
LNG Storage LNG
Liquid Train 2
Condensate Stabilization
8 Mtpa (1.1 Bcfd)
NGL Fractionation Propane Storage
Propane
Butane Storage
Butane
Condensate Storage
.73 Mtpa (27 Mbpd)
.5 Mtpa (17 Mbpd) Condensate
1.2 Mtpa (34 Mbpd) 6
Typical 2-Train LNG Plant MakeUp Fuel
Gas Gathering
Train 1
Inlet Gas Reception
1.7 Bcfd
Fuel
Gas
Inlet Gas Treating
NGL Recovery
Liquefaction
LNG Storage LNG
Liquid
Inlet Gas Reception • Pipeline Manifold Train 2 • Pig Receivers • Inlet Separator Condensate • Slug CatcherStabilization
9 Mtpa (1.2 Bcfd)
NGL Fractionation Propane Storage
Propane
Butane Storage
Butane
Condensate Storage
.73 Mtpa (27 Mbpd)
.5 Mtpa (17 Mbpd) Condensate
1.2 Mtpa (34 Mbpd) 7
Typical 2-Train LNG Plant MakeUp Fuel
Gas Gathering
Train 1 Gas
Inlet Gas Reception
1.7 Bcfd
Fuel
Inlet Gas Treating
NGL Recovery
Liquefaction
LNG Storage LNG
Liquid Train 2
Condensate Stabilization
Condensate Stabilization • Multi-Stage Column • Vapor Compressor • 10-12 psia RVP • De-Odorized
9 Mtpa (1.2 Bcfd)
NGL Fractionation Propane Storage
Propane
Butane Storage
Butane
Condensate Storage
.73 Mtpa (27 Mbpd)
.5 Mtpa (17 Mbpd) Condensate
1.2 Mtpa (34 Mbpd) 8
Typical 2-Train LNG Plant MakeUp Fuel
Gas Gathering
Train 1
Inlet Gas Reception
1.7 Bcfd
• •
•
Fuel
Gas
Inlet Gas Treating
NGL Recovery
Liquefaction
LNG Storage LNG
Liquid
Inlet Gas Treating Amine for CO H2S Removal NGL 2& Train 2 •
