Mapping
Connecting the Dots A Model for Enterprise Wide Excellence in Spatial Data Management
IHS Users’ Group Presentation
• Finding and producing hydrocarbons – Mapping Sciences – Making and Communicating with Maps – Data Sources and Software Applications – Education – Audit/Review – Holistic Approach
• = Enterprise Wide Spatial Data Management
Mapping – Some Concepts Location, Location, Location
Treasure Island
Petroleum Industry is Location Dependent! Latitude Southeast 54 paces
X
Southwest 42 paces
Longitude
Geodesy Reference Surfaces H
h
N N=h-H N=h-H
Normal to Ellipsoid
Ellipsoid Geoid
Normal to Geoid
Terrain
b a Geoid
Ellipsoid
Equipotential surface which approximates to MSL
Surface where Computations are made 1/f = a/(a-b)
Geodetic Coordinate Systems
Gr ee nw
ich
Ellipsoid Ellipsoid
Height Height hp hp
λp
φp
Relationships Relationships X X == (ν (ν ++ h) h) ** cos cos φφ ** cos cos λλ Y Y == (ν (ν ++ h) h) ** cos cos φφ ** sin sin λλ 22 22 Z ν/a )) ++ h] h] ** sin sin φφ Z == [(b [(b ** ν/a
P
Zp
Equator Yp
Xp
(NB Some older datums have a reference (0º) meridian at another place than Greenwich)
Some Core Science •
A Geodetic Datum is an ellipsoid of revolution attached to the earth at some point.
• Geoid – Earth’s irregular shape (terrain)
• Datums (Geographic CRS) – Regional – Global (satellite) – Datum transform – Geoidal height
Geodesy Datum Shifts Ellipsoid Ellipsoid
Ellipsoid A (Global Datum)
Gr ee nw
ich
Ellipsoid B (Regional Datum) Height Height hp hp
λp
φp
P
Zp
P
Equator Yp
Xp
∆Y Geocenter Geocenter ∆X
If the geographical area is small, then [Xg] [∆X] [Xb] [Yg] = [∆Y] + [Yb] [Zg] [∆Z] [Zb]
∆Z
Hierarchy of Mapping
ch
Ellipsoid Ellipsoid
P
Gr e
en wi
hp
stable
λp
Φp
Zp
Equator Yp
Xp
Projected CRS is a derivative of the Datum (Geog CRS) Easting, Northing, Elevation (above MSL)
Datum (includes ellipsoid) is the Foundation X,Y,Z Cartesian and Lat Long, Ht
Unstable w/o Datum
Mercator Projection - Distortion 80
60
Scale Distortion (N:1)
N 45
[1/cos(lat)] 30
0°
1
48 °
1.5
15
60 °
2
30
71 °
3
76 °
4
80°
6
15
Equator
0
45
60
80
S
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Data Loading & Interpretation
Drilling
Facilities & Pipelines
Reservoir Management Production
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Random Selection •
•
•
M Datums per country, N Datasets per Project gives Random Chance 1:M*N –
4 Datums, 5 Datasets
–
Chances of getting Datum 100% right
1:20 (5%)
Adding P Projections gives Random Chance 1:M*N*P –
4 Projections
–
Chances of getting Datum and Projection right
1:80 (1.25%)
With some prior knowledge/input Fairly realistic chances are 2 datums, 2 projections and 5 datasets giving a chance of 1:20 (5%) of getting all 5 datasets properly mapped.
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Satellite Aerial Map Data
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
Satellite Existing Lease Pre Aerial Contract Well & Geological Lease Sale Map Data Seismic Boundary Data Prospecting Activities Acquisition Definitions
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Maybe OK if you are partner in both Blocks! Actual Lease Boundary
4000 ft
Boundary as loaded to interpretation system
At ~300 barrels per acre foot, this represents about 49 MM barrels per 100 ft of pay in the next door block!
Phase I - Boundary and Ring Fence Results
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Satellite Aerial Map Data
Data from Industry DB
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Velocity Picking & Mapping Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Seismic Processing
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center SEGP1 Data
Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
P1/90
Data Velocity 2D, from 3D Bin 2D, 3D Industry Seismic Picking Seismic Center Seismic DB
Data & Processing SEGP1 Acquisition Purchase Mapping Data
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Double Trouble! Survey acquired Satellite Datum Acquisition Contractor transformed Navigation misplaced Data misplaced by 350 350 meters meters Data toData Local Datum by Dry Dry hole hole Cost Cost $30 $30 MM MM
Processing requested acquisition Datum
Retransformed data
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Satellite Aerial Map Data
Data from Industry DB
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Data Loading & Interpretation
Interpretation System Vendors
Velocity Picking & Mapping Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
Seismic Processing
Data Loading
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center Data
Loading Sheets
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
Application Management
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Functional Activities
Middleware Open Spirit
Interpretation
Proposed Well Location
Interpretation Middleware Exploitation Proposed Loading Data System Open Application Well Interpretation & Loading Vendors Spirit Management Sheets Location Volumetrics
Exploitation & Volumetrics
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Software Uncertainty •
G&G Applications – Openworks/Landmark, Finder/Geoframe, Geographix, Kingdom, Trango, Probe, Petra, EPOS, Open Spirit
•
Set 2 – Blue Marble Geographic Calculator, Mentor, ArcView, ERMapper, AutoCAD, Atlas Seismic, Excel, NADCON, Other Web-Based applications
•
Set 3 – Satellite/Aerial Image, ASCII, Shapefile, DEM, Bathymetry, DWG/DRG, Digitized data (Accuracy 0.06” at Scale), Do you know the references? Datum, Projection, Height, Orientation, Units!
•
Do these databases and programs all produce the same result when transforming or converting coordinates? Did anyone check?
Multiyear Mapping
Loading Sheet Lament!
L1 dx
L2 dy
L1
L4
L5
UKOOA P1
WELL (SL)
dx
dy
dx
dy
dx
dy
dx
dy
dx
dy
18.5
567.5
50.5
-91.5
4.2
571.0
-50.9
93.7
42.3
33.8
32.7
-661.8
-15.0
-2.3
-33.6
663.8
57.8
600.3
-47.3
662.1
-0.7
1.8
91.3
-58.6
-49.1
663.1
41.6
601.6
L2
-17.3
-570.3
L4
-50.2
91.8
-32.4
658.1
L5
-1.8
-569.6
17.1
-1.6
48.3
-661.2
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Satellite Aerial Map Data
Data from Industry DB
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Data Loading & Interpretation
Interpretation System Vendors
Velocity Picking & Mapping Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Seismic Processing
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center Data
Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
Drilling
Middleware Open Spirit
Application Management
Directional Data Site Interpretation Drilling Loading Drilling Survey Loading Sheets
Proposed Well Location
Drilling
Exploitation & Volumetrics
Site Survey
Directional Drilling
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Proposed Drilling Location • Two Surveys – Interpreter complained that one was mismatched with the other – One survey loaded with new corners, but datum labeling not changed – Result – 250 meter error
• Question – would we have found it if there was only one survey?
Directional Survey Disconnect Incorrect Processing
T
M IG
.77
Correct Solution
M
T
Correction
G
T
M - 5.61
IG 4.90
Magnetic Magnetic Dec Dec (MD): (MD):
- 4.90
-.77 - 4.13
- 4.13
G
.77
-4.13 -4.13
MN MN to to TN: TN: -- 4.13 4.13
Valid Valid Corr: Corr:
4.90 4.90
TN TN to to Grid: Grid: -0.77 -0.77
Wrong Wrong corr: corr:
Totl Totl AZ AZ Corr Corr MD+GC: MD+GC: 0.77 0.77
True True Corr: Corr: -- 4.90 4.90
Correction Correction Applied: Applied: -- 5.67 5.67
TN TN to to Grid Grid (GC): (GC):
-- 4.90 4.90 0.77 0.77
Error in 5 wells: 5,300 foot offset, target locations misplaced by 520 ft
Well Walkabout! S,T = Satellite – Industry DB 0
200
-1100
400
-550
0
550
1100
200
550
0
0
-550
-200
Difference in x (ft)
1100
400
Difference in Y (ft)
-200
Difference in Y (ft)
-400
Satellite – Company DB
-400
Well Databases
Difference in x (ft)
-1100
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Satellite Aerial Map Data
Data from Industry DB
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Data Loading & Interpretation
Interpretation System Vendors
Velocity Picking & Mapping Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Seismic Processing
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center Data
Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
Drilling
Facilities & Pipelines
Middleware Open Spirit
Application Management
Pipelines Data and Interpretation Loading Facilities Installation Loading Sheets
Proposed Well Location
Drilling
Exploitation & Volumetrics
Site Survey
Directional Drilling
Pipelines and Facilities Installation
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Uphill Battle! Planned Direction of Flow
Terrain (Above MSL)
Upward Slope
Downward Slope
Ellipsoid (Ht above ellipsoid)
Facility or Complexity!
Your Lease Proposed Location Actual Location
Someone else’s Lease
If you were someone else, what would your settlement price be?
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Satellite Aerial Map Data
Data from Industry DB
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Data Loading & Interpretation
Interpretation System Vendors
Velocity Picking & Mapping Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Seismic Processing
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center Data
Drilling
Facilities & Pipelines
Reservoir Management Production
Pipelines and Facilities Installation
Production
Middleware Open Spirit
Application Management
4D Reservoir Seismic Acquisition Analysis Data Interpretation Production Loading & & Management Processing Loading Sheets
Proposed Well Location
Drilling
Exploitation & Volumetrics
Site Survey
Directional Drilling
Reservoir Analysis & Management 4D Seismic Acquisition & Processing
Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Up Dip ‘Trip’!
30 0
m
30 0
m
Fault
Proposed second well Up-dip, appraisal
Proposed First well
Interpreted Reservoir
If you drill the first well in the second well location due to a geodetic mistake, then when you move ‘up-dip’ to drill the appraisal, you may end up the wrong side of the fault!
The Environment • Great workforce efficiency due to …. – Distributed computing – Multiple users – Multiple sources of data/Internet access
• Higher risk due to…… – New data in satellite, legacy data in local datums – Low training budgets/poor understanding – Little internal and supplier oversight – Few procedures
So who is minding the spatial data ‘store’?
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Satellite Aerial Map Data
Acquisition & Processing
DB Audit
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
Data from Industry DB
Interpretation System Vendors
Field QC Audit
Velocity Picking & Mapping
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Seismic Processing
Data Loading
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center Data
Loading Sheets
IN-House Audit
Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
Data Loading & Interpretation
SW Audit
Drilling
Audit
Reservoir Management Production
Pipelines and Facilities Installation
Production
Middleware Open Spirit
Audit
Application Management
Interpretation
Facilities & Pipelines
Proposed Well Location
Drilling
Exploitation & Volumetrics
Site Survey
Directional Drilling
Reservoir Analysis & Management 4D Seismic Acquisition & Processing
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Summary • Know the references – Always ask! •Planning Ortho-rectified Satellite Images • QC/Audit and– Use record references in detail •In Field especially when transferring data between Datum •From field to office functions •When downloading data from DB or web Projection •When converting data before or during loading • Ensuring that allto staff are aware of these •From function function Elevation/Ht issues and follow the procedures is a •Field/DB to Processing Orientation •Processing to Interpretation management responsibility •Interpretation to Drilling Units ofConstruction measurement •Drilling to
Interdepartmental cooperation is vital
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Data Loading & Interpretation
Drilling
Facilities & Pipelines
Reservoir Management Production
Pipelines and Facilities Installation
Production
Ownership/PSC Requirements Satellite Aerial Map Data
DB Audit
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
Data from Industry DB
Interpretation System Vendors
Field QC Audit
Velocity Picking & Mapping
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Seismic Processing
Data Loading
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center Data
Loading Sheets
Middleware Open Spirit
SW Audit
Audit
Application Management
Interpretation
Proposed Well Location
Drilling
Exploitation & Volumetrics
Site Survey
WS Admin IN-House Audit
Audit
Directional Drilling
Production Planning
Geophysical Planning
Reservoir Analysis & Management 4D Seismic Acquisition & Processing
Development Planning Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Organizational Dynamics ‘Endocrine’ Functions • • • • •
Planning/Risk Accounting and Finance IT and Communications Health, Safety and Environment Diversity and…………..
• …Spatial Data Management
Benefits of Good Spatial Data Management
• • • • • • • • • • •
Lease costs – Ownership Value in geophysical data Correct Loading of processed data Better drilling decisions Properly placed wells Better appraisals Pipelines and facilities properly planned and placed Staff time spent on core competencies Improved reserve replacement Lower finding cost Increased value of the asset
Example Cost Summary
Lease Seismic A&P Interpretation Management Drilling the Well Facilities
$ 20,000,000 $ 10,000,000 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 $ 12,000,000 $100,000,000
Putting the well in the right place……….. “priceless”
There are Some Things Money Can’t Buy….! For Everything Else, there’s
Poor POSITIONING is a HIGH RISK activity!!!
Connecting the Dots A Model for Enterprise Wide Excellence in Spatial Data Management
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Data Loading & Interpretation
Drilling
Facilities & Pipelines
Reservoir Management Production
Pipelines and Facilities Installation
Production
Ownership/PSC Requirements Satellite Aerial Map Data
DB Audit
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
Data from Industry DB
Interpretation System Vendors
Field QC Audit
Velocity Picking & Mapping
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Seismic Processing
Data Loading
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center Data
Loading Sheets
Middleware Open Spirit
SW Audit
Audit
Application Management
Interpretation
Proposed Well Location
Drilling
Exploitation & Volumetrics
Site Survey
WS Admin IN-House Audit
Audit
Directional Drilling
Production Planning
Geophysical Planning
Reservoir Analysis & Management 4D Seismic Acquisition & Processing
Development Planning Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
IHS Users’ Group Presentation
• Finding and producing hydrocarbons – Mapping Sciences – Making and Communicating with Maps – Data Sources and Software Applications – Education – Audit/Review – Holistic Approach
• = Enterprise Wide Spatial Data Management
Mapping – Some Concepts Location, Location, Location
Treasure Island
Petroleum Industry is Location Dependent! Latitude Southeast 54 paces
X
Southwest 42 paces
Longitude
Geodesy Reference Surfaces H
h
N N=h-H N=h-H
Normal to Ellipsoid
Ellipsoid Geoid
Normal to Geoid
Terrain
b a Geoid
Ellipsoid
Equipotential surface which approximates to MSL
Surface where Computations are made 1/f = a/(a-b)
Geodetic Coordinate Systems
Gr ee nw
ich
Ellipsoid Ellipsoid
Height Height hp hp
λp
φp
Relationships Relationships X X == (ν (ν ++ h) h) ** cos cos φφ ** cos cos λλ Y Y == (ν (ν ++ h) h) ** cos cos φφ ** sin sin λλ 22 22 Z ν/a )) ++ h] h] ** sin sin φφ Z == [(b [(b ** ν/a
P
Zp
Equator Yp
Xp
(NB Some older datums have a reference (0º) meridian at another place than Greenwich)
Some Core Science •
A Geodetic Datum is an ellipsoid of revolution attached to the earth at some point.
• Geoid – Earth’s irregular shape (terrain)
• Datums (Geographic CRS) – Regional – Global (satellite) – Datum transform – Geoidal height
Geodesy Datum Shifts Ellipsoid Ellipsoid
Ellipsoid A (Global Datum)
Gr ee nw
ich
Ellipsoid B (Regional Datum) Height Height hp hp
λp
φp
P
Zp
P
Equator Yp
Xp
∆Y Geocenter Geocenter ∆X
If the geographical area is small, then [Xg] [∆X] [Xb] [Yg] = [∆Y] + [Yb] [Zg] [∆Z] [Zb]
∆Z
Hierarchy of Mapping
ch
Ellipsoid Ellipsoid
P
Gr e
en wi
hp
stable
λp
Φp
Zp
Equator Yp
Xp
Projected CRS is a derivative of the Datum (Geog CRS) Easting, Northing, Elevation (above MSL)
Datum (includes ellipsoid) is the Foundation X,Y,Z Cartesian and Lat Long, Ht
Unstable w/o Datum
Mercator Projection - Distortion 80
60
Scale Distortion (N:1)
N 45
[1/cos(lat)] 30
0°
1
48 °
1.5
15
60 °
2
30
71 °
3
76 °
4
80°
6
15
Equator
0
45
60
80
S
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Data Loading & Interpretation
Drilling
Facilities & Pipelines
Reservoir Management Production
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Random Selection •
•
•
M Datums per country, N Datasets per Project gives Random Chance 1:M*N –
4 Datums, 5 Datasets
–
Chances of getting Datum 100% right
1:20 (5%)
Adding P Projections gives Random Chance 1:M*N*P –
4 Projections
–
Chances of getting Datum and Projection right
1:80 (1.25%)
With some prior knowledge/input Fairly realistic chances are 2 datums, 2 projections and 5 datasets giving a chance of 1:20 (5%) of getting all 5 datasets properly mapped.
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Satellite Aerial Map Data
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
Satellite Existing Lease Pre Aerial Contract Well & Geological Lease Sale Map Data Seismic Boundary Data Prospecting Activities Acquisition Definitions
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Maybe OK if you are partner in both Blocks! Actual Lease Boundary
4000 ft
Boundary as loaded to interpretation system
At ~300 barrels per acre foot, this represents about 49 MM barrels per 100 ft of pay in the next door block!
Phase I - Boundary and Ring Fence Results
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Satellite Aerial Map Data
Data from Industry DB
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Velocity Picking & Mapping Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Seismic Processing
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center SEGP1 Data
Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
P1/90
Data Velocity 2D, from 3D Bin 2D, 3D Industry Seismic Picking Seismic Center Seismic DB
Data & Processing SEGP1 Acquisition Purchase Mapping Data
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Double Trouble! Survey acquired Satellite Datum Acquisition Contractor transformed Navigation misplaced Data misplaced by 350 350 meters meters Data toData Local Datum by Dry Dry hole hole Cost Cost $30 $30 MM MM
Processing requested acquisition Datum
Retransformed data
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Satellite Aerial Map Data
Data from Industry DB
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Data Loading & Interpretation
Interpretation System Vendors
Velocity Picking & Mapping Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
Seismic Processing
Data Loading
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center Data
Loading Sheets
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
Application Management
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Functional Activities
Middleware Open Spirit
Interpretation
Proposed Well Location
Interpretation Middleware Exploitation Proposed Loading Data System Open Application Well Interpretation & Loading Vendors Spirit Management Sheets Location Volumetrics
Exploitation & Volumetrics
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Software Uncertainty •
G&G Applications – Openworks/Landmark, Finder/Geoframe, Geographix, Kingdom, Trango, Probe, Petra, EPOS, Open Spirit
•
Set 2 – Blue Marble Geographic Calculator, Mentor, ArcView, ERMapper, AutoCAD, Atlas Seismic, Excel, NADCON, Other Web-Based applications
•
Set 3 – Satellite/Aerial Image, ASCII, Shapefile, DEM, Bathymetry, DWG/DRG, Digitized data (Accuracy 0.06” at Scale), Do you know the references? Datum, Projection, Height, Orientation, Units!
•
Do these databases and programs all produce the same result when transforming or converting coordinates? Did anyone check?
Multiyear Mapping
Loading Sheet Lament!
L1 dx
L2 dy
L1
L4
L5
UKOOA P1
WELL (SL)
dx
dy
dx
dy
dx
dy
dx
dy
dx
dy
18.5
567.5
50.5
-91.5
4.2
571.0
-50.9
93.7
42.3
33.8
32.7
-661.8
-15.0
-2.3
-33.6
663.8
57.8
600.3
-47.3
662.1
-0.7
1.8
91.3
-58.6
-49.1
663.1
41.6
601.6
L2
-17.3
-570.3
L4
-50.2
91.8
-32.4
658.1
L5
-1.8
-569.6
17.1
-1.6
48.3
-661.2
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Satellite Aerial Map Data
Data from Industry DB
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Data Loading & Interpretation
Interpretation System Vendors
Velocity Picking & Mapping Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Seismic Processing
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center Data
Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
Drilling
Middleware Open Spirit
Application Management
Directional Data Site Interpretation Drilling Loading Drilling Survey Loading Sheets
Proposed Well Location
Drilling
Exploitation & Volumetrics
Site Survey
Directional Drilling
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Proposed Drilling Location • Two Surveys – Interpreter complained that one was mismatched with the other – One survey loaded with new corners, but datum labeling not changed – Result – 250 meter error
• Question – would we have found it if there was only one survey?
Directional Survey Disconnect Incorrect Processing
T
M IG
.77
Correct Solution
M
T
Correction
G
T
M - 5.61
IG 4.90
Magnetic Magnetic Dec Dec (MD): (MD):
- 4.90
-.77 - 4.13
- 4.13
G
.77
-4.13 -4.13
MN MN to to TN: TN: -- 4.13 4.13
Valid Valid Corr: Corr:
4.90 4.90
TN TN to to Grid: Grid: -0.77 -0.77
Wrong Wrong corr: corr:
Totl Totl AZ AZ Corr Corr MD+GC: MD+GC: 0.77 0.77
True True Corr: Corr: -- 4.90 4.90
Correction Correction Applied: Applied: -- 5.67 5.67
TN TN to to Grid Grid (GC): (GC):
-- 4.90 4.90 0.77 0.77
Error in 5 wells: 5,300 foot offset, target locations misplaced by 520 ft
Well Walkabout! S,T = Satellite – Industry DB 0
200
-1100
400
-550
0
550
1100
200
550
0
0
-550
-200
Difference in x (ft)
1100
400
Difference in Y (ft)
-200
Difference in Y (ft)
-400
Satellite – Company DB
-400
Well Databases
Difference in x (ft)
-1100
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Satellite Aerial Map Data
Data from Industry DB
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Data Loading & Interpretation
Interpretation System Vendors
Velocity Picking & Mapping Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Seismic Processing
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center Data
Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
Drilling
Facilities & Pipelines
Middleware Open Spirit
Application Management
Pipelines Data and Interpretation Loading Facilities Installation Loading Sheets
Proposed Well Location
Drilling
Exploitation & Volumetrics
Site Survey
Directional Drilling
Pipelines and Facilities Installation
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Uphill Battle! Planned Direction of Flow
Terrain (Above MSL)
Upward Slope
Downward Slope
Ellipsoid (Ht above ellipsoid)
Facility or Complexity!
Your Lease Proposed Location Actual Location
Someone else’s Lease
If you were someone else, what would your settlement price be?
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Satellite Aerial Map Data
Data from Industry DB
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Data Loading & Interpretation
Interpretation System Vendors
Velocity Picking & Mapping Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Seismic Processing
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center Data
Drilling
Facilities & Pipelines
Reservoir Management Production
Pipelines and Facilities Installation
Production
Middleware Open Spirit
Application Management
4D Reservoir Seismic Acquisition Analysis Data Interpretation Production Loading & & Management Processing Loading Sheets
Proposed Well Location
Drilling
Exploitation & Volumetrics
Site Survey
Directional Drilling
Reservoir Analysis & Management 4D Seismic Acquisition & Processing
Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Up Dip ‘Trip’!
30 0
m
30 0
m
Fault
Proposed second well Up-dip, appraisal
Proposed First well
Interpreted Reservoir
If you drill the first well in the second well location due to a geodetic mistake, then when you move ‘up-dip’ to drill the appraisal, you may end up the wrong side of the fault!
The Environment • Great workforce efficiency due to …. – Distributed computing – Multiple users – Multiple sources of data/Internet access
• Higher risk due to…… – New data in satellite, legacy data in local datums – Low training budgets/poor understanding – Little internal and supplier oversight – Few procedures
So who is minding the spatial data ‘store’?
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Satellite Aerial Map Data
Acquisition & Processing
DB Audit
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
Data from Industry DB
Interpretation System Vendors
Field QC Audit
Velocity Picking & Mapping
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Seismic Processing
Data Loading
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center Data
Loading Sheets
IN-House Audit
Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
Data Loading & Interpretation
SW Audit
Drilling
Audit
Reservoir Management Production
Pipelines and Facilities Installation
Production
Middleware Open Spirit
Audit
Application Management
Interpretation
Facilities & Pipelines
Proposed Well Location
Drilling
Exploitation & Volumetrics
Site Survey
Directional Drilling
Reservoir Analysis & Management 4D Seismic Acquisition & Processing
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Summary • Know the references – Always ask! •Planning Ortho-rectified Satellite Images • QC/Audit and– Use record references in detail •In Field especially when transferring data between Datum •From field to office functions •When downloading data from DB or web Projection •When converting data before or during loading • Ensuring that allto staff are aware of these •From function function Elevation/Ht issues and follow the procedures is a •Field/DB to Processing Orientation •Processing to Interpretation management responsibility •Interpretation to Drilling Units ofConstruction measurement •Drilling to
Interdepartmental cooperation is vital
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Data Loading & Interpretation
Drilling
Facilities & Pipelines
Reservoir Management Production
Pipelines and Facilities Installation
Production
Ownership/PSC Requirements Satellite Aerial Map Data
DB Audit
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
Data from Industry DB
Interpretation System Vendors
Field QC Audit
Velocity Picking & Mapping
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Seismic Processing
Data Loading
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center Data
Loading Sheets
Middleware Open Spirit
SW Audit
Audit
Application Management
Interpretation
Proposed Well Location
Drilling
Exploitation & Volumetrics
Site Survey
WS Admin IN-House Audit
Audit
Directional Drilling
Production Planning
Geophysical Planning
Reservoir Analysis & Management 4D Seismic Acquisition & Processing
Development Planning Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
Organizational Dynamics ‘Endocrine’ Functions • • • • •
Planning/Risk Accounting and Finance IT and Communications Health, Safety and Environment Diversity and…………..
• …Spatial Data Management
Benefits of Good Spatial Data Management
• • • • • • • • • • •
Lease costs – Ownership Value in geophysical data Correct Loading of processed data Better drilling decisions Properly placed wells Better appraisals Pipelines and facilities properly planned and placed Staff time spent on core competencies Improved reserve replacement Lower finding cost Increased value of the asset
Example Cost Summary
Lease Seismic A&P Interpretation Management Drilling the Well Facilities
$ 20,000,000 $ 10,000,000 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 $ 12,000,000 $100,000,000
Putting the well in the right place……….. “priceless”
There are Some Things Money Can’t Buy….! For Everything Else, there’s
Poor POSITIONING is a HIGH RISK activity!!!
Connecting the Dots A Model for Enterprise Wide Excellence in Spatial Data Management
Position Dependent Functions, Activities, & Relationships Property Lease
Acquisition & Processing
Data Loading & Interpretation
Drilling
Facilities & Pipelines
Reservoir Management Production
Pipelines and Facilities Installation
Production
Ownership/PSC Requirements Satellite Aerial Map Data
DB Audit
Existing Well & Seismic Data Acquisition
Pre Lease Sale Activities
Lease Contract Boundary Definitions
Geological Prospecting
Data from Industry DB
Interpretation System Vendors
Field QC Audit
Velocity Picking & Mapping
2D, 3D Seismic Acquisition
Seismic Processing
Data Loading
2D, 3D Seismic Data Purchase
P1/90 Bin Center Data
Loading Sheets
Middleware Open Spirit
SW Audit
Audit
Application Management
Interpretation
Proposed Well Location
Drilling
Exploitation & Volumetrics
Site Survey
WS Admin IN-House Audit
Audit
Directional Drilling
Production Planning
Geophysical Planning
Reservoir Analysis & Management 4D Seismic Acquisition & Processing
Development Planning Functional Activities GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Auditing
GIS/Mapping Management Requirement Reformatting, Re-referencing and Re-presenting Spatial Data
