our planet - section 1
BOOK 3
OUR PLANET
SECTION 1 OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE
OUR PLANET - SECTION 1 - SEC 1 OBTAINING RESOURCES OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE OBTAINING CLEAN WATER
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM (EMS) The Electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) is a range of wavelengths and frequencies which extend from gamma rays to radio waves. The EMS is very useful because it allows us carry out a wide array of tasks, including letting us see very far into the universe and show us things which might not be visible to the naked eye. The EMS is split into seven regions: 1. Radio waves. 2. Micro waves. 3. Infra-red. 4. Visible light. 5. Ultraviolet. 6. X-rays. 7. Gamma rays.
EMS
EM spectrum qualities, Wikimedia CC, http://bit.ly/2e4EJXh
2
OUR PLANET - SECTION 1 - SEC 1 OBTAINING RESOURCES OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE OBTAINING CLEAN WATER THE EMS AND SPACE Regions of the EMS are often used to record or photograph far regions of space. Parts of our solar system have also been photographed using different regions of the EMS, giving interesting effects. X-RAY IMAGES OF THE SUN
X-ray of the Sun 2
X-ray of the Sun 1
NASA/NOAA/ Lockheed Martin
NASA
ULTRAVIOLET IMAGES
UV of the Sun
UV of a galaxy
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
NASA/ESA/Immer et al.
3
OUR PLANET - SECTION 1 - SEC 1 OBTAINING RESOURCES OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE OBTAINING CLEAN WATER VISIBLE LIGHT IMAGES
Visible light image of the Sun
Visible light image of Earth
NASA/SDO, HMI
NASA/ GSFC/ NOAA/ USGS
Visible light image of the Moon
Visible light image of a galaxy
4
OUR PLANET - SECTION 1 - SEC 1 OBTAINING RESOURCES OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE OBTAINING CLEAN WATER ACTIVITY Using the internet, research different space images using different regions of the EMS. Construct a table like the one below. Part of the electromagnetic spectrum
Object
X-rays
Ultraviolet
visible
infrared
microwave
radio waves
5
Picture
OUR PLANET - SECTION 1 - SEC 1 OBTAINING RESOURCES OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE OBTAINING CLEAN WATER THE UNIVERSE The universe is massive and is continuing to expand. Our minds cannot fathom the enormous scope and size of the universe. The size for some of the objects in the universe is so large that they are measured in light years. A light year is the distance light will travel in one year. The speed of light is 670 616 629 mph and there are 8 760 hours in a year.
940 km
1 737 km
1186 km
2 440 km
167 000 km
Smallest
559 288 2.4 km billion km
1.87 LY
200 LY
100 000 LY
Largest galaxy
Our Galaxy
Smallest galaxy
Solar system
Largest star
Largest planet
Smallest star
Smallest planet
6 m
Dwarf planet
Smallest asteroid
5 μm
moon
Dust particle
0.1 nm
Largest asteroid
Atom
Size
Object
The table below compares the size of different objects in the universe:
4 million LY
Largest (known)
6
OUR PLANET - SECTION 1 - SEC 1 OBTAINING RESOURCES OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE OBTAINING CLEAN WATER
THE STRUCTURE OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM Our solar system is the collection of one star, eight planets, a dwarf planet and a collection of moons. There is also an asteroid belt. The planets are various sizes and distances from the Sun. They are found in this order as you move away from the sun.
• Mercury
The easiest way to remember the
• Venus
order of the planets is with a rhyme.
• Earth • Mars • Jupiter • Saturn
Many Vampires Eat My Jam Sandwiches Under Neptune’s Pub
• Uranus • Neptune • Pluto The asteroid belt is found within our solar system between Mars and Jupiter. This separates the inner and outer planets. The inner planets are rocky and the outer planets are gaseous. Some planets have many moons, but some have none.
Solar system
Ian McKinnell / Alamy Stock Photo
7
OUR PLANET - SECTION 1 - SEC 1 OBTAINING RESOURCES OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE OBTAINING CLEAN WATER ACTIVITY Use only the words in the box below to fill in the blanks.
Saturn
asteroid
Earth
Neptune
Moon
inner planets
outer planets
dwarf planet
planets
Pluto
moons
Mars
the Sun
The solar system is made of one star called ____ ___________. Orbiting around the sun are eight ________ and one __________ __________. The first four planets are called Mercury, Venus, _________ and ________. Together they are called the __________ __________. The next four are called the ________ ________, called Jupiter, ________, Uranus and ___________. The inner and outer planets are separated by an __________ belt. The final planet is a dwarf planet called _________. Some of the planets have _________. Earth has one, called the __________, while Saturn has 60!
8
OUR PLANET
SECTION 1 OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE
OUR PLANET - SECTION 1 - SEC 1 OBTAINING RESOURCES OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE OBTAINING CLEAN WATER
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM (EMS) The Electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) is a range of wavelengths and frequencies which extend from gamma rays to radio waves. The EMS is very useful because it allows us carry out a wide array of tasks, including letting us see very far into the universe and show us things which might not be visible to the naked eye. The EMS is split into seven regions: 1. Radio waves. 2. Micro waves. 3. Infra-red. 4. Visible light. 5. Ultraviolet. 6. X-rays. 7. Gamma rays.
EMS
EM spectrum qualities, Wikimedia CC, http://bit.ly/2e4EJXh
2
OUR PLANET - SECTION 1 - SEC 1 OBTAINING RESOURCES OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE OBTAINING CLEAN WATER THE EMS AND SPACE Regions of the EMS are often used to record or photograph far regions of space. Parts of our solar system have also been photographed using different regions of the EMS, giving interesting effects. X-RAY IMAGES OF THE SUN
X-ray of the Sun 2
X-ray of the Sun 1
NASA/NOAA/ Lockheed Martin
NASA
ULTRAVIOLET IMAGES
UV of the Sun
UV of a galaxy
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
NASA/ESA/Immer et al.
3
OUR PLANET - SECTION 1 - SEC 1 OBTAINING RESOURCES OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE OBTAINING CLEAN WATER VISIBLE LIGHT IMAGES
Visible light image of the Sun
Visible light image of Earth
NASA/SDO, HMI
NASA/ GSFC/ NOAA/ USGS
Visible light image of the Moon
Visible light image of a galaxy
4
OUR PLANET - SECTION 1 - SEC 1 OBTAINING RESOURCES OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE OBTAINING CLEAN WATER ACTIVITY Using the internet, research different space images using different regions of the EMS. Construct a table like the one below. Part of the electromagnetic spectrum
Object
X-rays
Ultraviolet
visible
infrared
microwave
radio waves
5
Picture
OUR PLANET - SECTION 1 - SEC 1 OBTAINING RESOURCES OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE OBTAINING CLEAN WATER THE UNIVERSE The universe is massive and is continuing to expand. Our minds cannot fathom the enormous scope and size of the universe. The size for some of the objects in the universe is so large that they are measured in light years. A light year is the distance light will travel in one year. The speed of light is 670 616 629 mph and there are 8 760 hours in a year.
940 km
1 737 km
1186 km
2 440 km
167 000 km
Smallest
559 288 2.4 km billion km
1.87 LY
200 LY
100 000 LY
Largest galaxy
Our Galaxy
Smallest galaxy
Solar system
Largest star
Largest planet
Smallest star
Smallest planet
6 m
Dwarf planet
Smallest asteroid
5 μm
moon
Dust particle
0.1 nm
Largest asteroid
Atom
Size
Object
The table below compares the size of different objects in the universe:
4 million LY
Largest (known)
6
OUR PLANET - SECTION 1 - SEC 1 OBTAINING RESOURCES OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE OBTAINING CLEAN WATER
THE STRUCTURE OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM Our solar system is the collection of one star, eight planets, a dwarf planet and a collection of moons. There is also an asteroid belt. The planets are various sizes and distances from the Sun. They are found in this order as you move away from the sun.
• Mercury
The easiest way to remember the
• Venus
order of the planets is with a rhyme.
• Earth • Mars • Jupiter • Saturn
Many Vampires Eat My Jam Sandwiches Under Neptune’s Pub
• Uranus • Neptune • Pluto The asteroid belt is found within our solar system between Mars and Jupiter. This separates the inner and outer planets. The inner planets are rocky and the outer planets are gaseous. Some planets have many moons, but some have none.
Solar system
Ian McKinnell / Alamy Stock Photo
7
OUR PLANET - SECTION 1 - SEC 1 OBTAINING RESOURCES OUR PLANET IN THE UNIVERSE OBTAINING CLEAN WATER ACTIVITY Use only the words in the box below to fill in the blanks.
Saturn
asteroid
Earth
Neptune
Moon
inner planets
outer planets
dwarf planet
planets
Pluto
moons
Mars
the Sun
The solar system is made of one star called ____ ___________. Orbiting around the sun are eight ________ and one __________ __________. The first four planets are called Mercury, Venus, _________ and ________. Together they are called the __________ __________. The next four are called the ________ ________, called Jupiter, ________, Uranus and ___________. The inner and outer planets are separated by an __________ belt. The final planet is a dwarf planet called _________. Some of the planets have _________. Earth has one, called the __________, while Saturn has 60!
8
