Postcards may include the following information
G u i d e
t o
R ea d i n g
N o te s
Section 2
1.
3000 B.C.E.
2500 B.C.E.
2000 B.C.E.
1500 B.C.E.
2700–2200 B.C.E.
2000–1800 B.C.E.
1600–1100 B.C.E.
Old Kingdom Age of the Pyramids • Pharaohs set up strong central government • Pharaohs built great pyramids
Middle Kingdom Period of Reunification Egyptians made many great achievements in literature, arts, and architcture.
New Kingdom Egypt’s Golden Age • Period of peace and stability • Pharaohs increased trade and built gigantic monuments
1000 B.C.E.
2. Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs Were believed to be gods. Owned all the land in Egypt.
U.S. Presidents Both are the political leaders of their people.
Section 3
Postcards may include the following information: • Khufu ruled from about 2551 to 2528 B.C.E., during the Old Kingdom. Some stories describe Khufu as a cruel leader. Others say that he was kind. • Khufu established the pharaoh as the central authority; he kept strict control over Egypt’s food supply and declared himself a god. And he built the Great Pyramid. • The Great Pyramid is over 450 feet tall and made of more than 2 million stone blocks. It took about 20 years to build. • There are different theories about how the Great Pyramid was built, but most Egyptologists think that thousands of workers cut stone blocks, dragged them to the site, pulled them
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
Definitely human. Get to live in the White House, but don’t own it.
up ramps, and put them into place to create the pyramid. Section 4
Postcards may include the following information: • Senusret I ruled from about 1971 to 1926 B.C.E., during the Middle Kingdom. He was a strong ruler who governed a stable, unified Egypt. • During Senusret’s rule, some of Egypt’s greatest works of literature were written, including “The Story of Sinuhe.” Senusret also built and improved religious buildings, including the White Chapel. • The White Chapel was made of alabaster, a white stone. Detailed carvings decorated the pillars of the chapel. The chapel may have been originally covered in gold. • Archaeologists discovered the ruins of the The Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs 1
G u i d e
t o
R ea d i n g
N o te s
White Chapel inside another monument. They were able to put the broken pieces together, like a giant puzzle, and reconstruct the White Chapel. Section 5
Postcards may include the following information: • Hatshepsut ruled from about 1473 to 1458 B.C.E., during the New Kingdom. She was Egypt’s first female ruler. She stayed in power by appointing loyal advisers to government positions and by demanding the same respect that a male ruler would be given. • Hatshepsut was known for promoting trade with other countries, including an expedition, undertaken by over 200 men, to the African kingdom of Punt. • Hatshepsut also constructed the stunning temple at Dayr al-Bahri, which was built directly into a cliff. • Outside the temple were 200 sphinx statues. Inside were carvings of scenes from Hatshepsut’s reign, including the expedition to Punt. Section 6
Postcards may include the following information: • Ramses II ruled for more than 60 years, from 1290 to 1224 B.C.E., during the New Kingdom. He was known as Ramses the Great. • At the age of ten, Ramses was a captain in Egypt’s army. In his lifetime, he had over 100 wives, and more than 100 children. He built the temple at Abu Simbel. • At the front of the temple are four giant sculptures of Ramses. The temple was built so that, twice a year, the sun would line up with the entrance and shine down three halls to fall on another giant statue of Ramses. • In the 1960s, the entire temple was cut from the cliff side, moved to a higher location, and reassembled to save it from floods created by the dam built by the Egyptian government in the 1940s.
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
The Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs 2
t o
R ea d i n g
N o te s
Section 2
1.
3000 B.C.E.
2500 B.C.E.
2000 B.C.E.
1500 B.C.E.
2700–2200 B.C.E.
2000–1800 B.C.E.
1600–1100 B.C.E.
Old Kingdom Age of the Pyramids • Pharaohs set up strong central government • Pharaohs built great pyramids
Middle Kingdom Period of Reunification Egyptians made many great achievements in literature, arts, and architcture.
New Kingdom Egypt’s Golden Age • Period of peace and stability • Pharaohs increased trade and built gigantic monuments
1000 B.C.E.
2. Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs Were believed to be gods. Owned all the land in Egypt.
U.S. Presidents Both are the political leaders of their people.
Section 3
Postcards may include the following information: • Khufu ruled from about 2551 to 2528 B.C.E., during the Old Kingdom. Some stories describe Khufu as a cruel leader. Others say that he was kind. • Khufu established the pharaoh as the central authority; he kept strict control over Egypt’s food supply and declared himself a god. And he built the Great Pyramid. • The Great Pyramid is over 450 feet tall and made of more than 2 million stone blocks. It took about 20 years to build. • There are different theories about how the Great Pyramid was built, but most Egyptologists think that thousands of workers cut stone blocks, dragged them to the site, pulled them
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
Definitely human. Get to live in the White House, but don’t own it.
up ramps, and put them into place to create the pyramid. Section 4
Postcards may include the following information: • Senusret I ruled from about 1971 to 1926 B.C.E., during the Middle Kingdom. He was a strong ruler who governed a stable, unified Egypt. • During Senusret’s rule, some of Egypt’s greatest works of literature were written, including “The Story of Sinuhe.” Senusret also built and improved religious buildings, including the White Chapel. • The White Chapel was made of alabaster, a white stone. Detailed carvings decorated the pillars of the chapel. The chapel may have been originally covered in gold. • Archaeologists discovered the ruins of the The Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs 1
G u i d e
t o
R ea d i n g
N o te s
White Chapel inside another monument. They were able to put the broken pieces together, like a giant puzzle, and reconstruct the White Chapel. Section 5
Postcards may include the following information: • Hatshepsut ruled from about 1473 to 1458 B.C.E., during the New Kingdom. She was Egypt’s first female ruler. She stayed in power by appointing loyal advisers to government positions and by demanding the same respect that a male ruler would be given. • Hatshepsut was known for promoting trade with other countries, including an expedition, undertaken by over 200 men, to the African kingdom of Punt. • Hatshepsut also constructed the stunning temple at Dayr al-Bahri, which was built directly into a cliff. • Outside the temple were 200 sphinx statues. Inside were carvings of scenes from Hatshepsut’s reign, including the expedition to Punt. Section 6
Postcards may include the following information: • Ramses II ruled for more than 60 years, from 1290 to 1224 B.C.E., during the New Kingdom. He was known as Ramses the Great. • At the age of ten, Ramses was a captain in Egypt’s army. In his lifetime, he had over 100 wives, and more than 100 children. He built the temple at Abu Simbel. • At the front of the temple are four giant sculptures of Ramses. The temple was built so that, twice a year, the sun would line up with the entrance and shine down three halls to fall on another giant statue of Ramses. • In the 1960s, the entire temple was cut from the cliff side, moved to a higher location, and reassembled to save it from floods created by the dam built by the Egyptian government in the 1940s.
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
The Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs 2
