10 Thermal and Mechanical Processing Problem Set

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THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESSING | PRACTICE PROBLEMS Complete the following to reinforce your understanding of the concept covered in this module.

PROBLEM 1: Heat treating of steel most frequently involves which of the following? A. π‘€π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘ π‘–π‘‘π‘’ B. π‘ƒπ‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘™π‘–π‘‘π‘’ C. πΉπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘–π‘‘π‘’ D. π‘†π‘β„Žπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘’

SOLUTION 1: The topic of MARTENSITE can be referenced under the topic of THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESSING on page 60 of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. The most common purpose for heat-treating steel is the formation of martensite, the very hard and strong phase in iron-carbon alloys.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is A. π‘΄π’‚π’“π’•π’†π’π’”π’Šπ’•π’†



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PROBLEM 2: At room temperature, low-carbon steel is almost completely what? A. π‘€π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘ π‘–π‘‘π‘’ B. π‘ƒπ‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘™π‘–π‘‘π‘’ C. πΉπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘–π‘‘π‘’ D. π‘†π‘β„Žπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘’

SOLUTION 2: The topic of FERRITE can be referenced under the topic of THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESSING on page 60 of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. At room temperature, low-carbon steel is comprised of ferrite and cementite. However, the lever law, applied at this temperature range for low-carbon steel, would yield ferrite as the overwhelming majority phase.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is C. π‘­π’†π’“π’“π’Šπ’•π’†



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PROBLEM 3: The property that characterizes a material’s ability to be drawn into a wire is its what? A. 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 π‘†π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘”π‘‘β„Ž B. πΉπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘”π‘’π‘’ πΈπ‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘›π‘π‘’ πΏπ‘–π‘šπ‘–π‘‘ C. π‘‡β„Žπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘™ πΆπ‘œπ‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘‘π‘–π‘£π‘–π‘‘π‘¦ D. 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑑𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑦

SOLUTION 3: The FORMULA FOR DUCTILITY EXPRESSED AS PERCENT ELONGATION is not provided in the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. Therefore, we must memorize these concepts and understand their application independent of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook. In a wire, the material is plastically deformed to obtain a reduction in the crosssectional area. The material property that characterizes this is the ductility of the material. None of the other properties in the list relate to this.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is D. π‘«π’–π’„π’•π’Šπ’π’Šπ’•π’š



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PROBLEM 4: Which of the following leads to a reduction in the electrical resistivity of a pure metal? A. πΆπ‘œπ‘™π‘‘ π‘Šπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘–π‘›π‘” B. π΄π‘›π‘›π‘’π‘Žπ‘™π‘–π‘›π‘” C. πΊπ‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘› π‘…π‘’π‘“π‘–π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ D. π΄π‘‘π‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘œπ‘“ π΄π‘™π‘™π‘œπ‘¦π‘–π‘›π‘” πΈπ‘™π‘’π‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘ 

SOLUTION 4: Electrical resistivity of a metal increases with increasing extent of factors which impede motion of electrons through the metal. These factors include the presence of alloying elements, grain boundaries, and crystal defects such as vacancies and dislocations. Except annealing, all of the other treatments lead to an increase in the amount of resistivity due to increasing one or more of the factors list above. Annealing helps to remove structural defects and result in reduced resistivity.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is B. π‘¨π’π’π’†π’‚π’π’Šπ’π’ˆ PROBLEM 5: Which of the following is NOT related to recrystallization? A. π»π‘œπ‘‘ π‘Šπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘–π‘›π‘” B. πΆπ‘œπ‘™π‘‘ π‘Šπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘–π‘›π‘” C. πΈπ‘™π‘Žπ‘ π‘‘π‘–π‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘™π‘’π‘  D. 𝑀𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 π‘‡π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’

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SOLUTION 5: The TOPIC OF ELASTIC MODULUS can be referenced under the topic of THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESSING on page 62 of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. Hot working is associated with plastic deformation carried out at temperatures above approximately one-half of the melting point in units of Kelvin. In this temperature, recrystallization occurs whether the metal was worked below and then heated to this temperature or was worked above this temperature. Recrystallization has nothing to do with elastic deformation or the attendant property elastic modulus.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is C. π‘¬π’π’‚π’”π’•π’Šπ’„ 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒖𝒔 PROBLEM 6: The strengthening process involving the formation of fine distribution of a second phase is called what: A. π‘„π‘’π‘’π‘›π‘β„Ž π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘‡π‘Žπ‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ B. π‘†π‘œπ‘™π‘–π‘‘ π‘†π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘†π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘”π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” C. π‘ƒπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘–π‘π‘–π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π»π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” D. πΆπ‘Žπ‘ π‘’ π»π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘”



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SOLUTION 6: The TOPIC OF HARDENING PROCESSES is not provided in the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. Therefore, we must memorize these concepts and understand their application independent of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook. Age hardening, also known as precipitation hardening, involves the formation of a second phase by precipitation during an aging heat treatment for the purposes of strengthening. The other processes listed involving single phases only.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is C. π‘·π’“π’†π’„π’Šπ’‘π’Šπ’•π’‚π’•π’Šπ’π’ π‘―π’‚π’“π’…π’†π’π’Šπ’π’ˆ PROBLEM 7: As the amount of slip increases, additional deformation becomes more difficult and decreases until the plastic flow finally stops. Slip may begin again only if a large stress is applied. What is this phenomenon known as? A. π‘†π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘› π»π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” B. πΆπ‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘€π‘‘π‘–π‘›π‘” C. πΆπ‘œπ‘œπ‘™π‘–π‘›π‘” D. 𝑇𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔



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SOLUTION 7: The TOPIC OF HARDENING PROCESSES is not provided in the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. We must memorize these concepts and understand their application independent of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook. STRAIN HARDENING is a process in which the hardness in increased due to plastic deformation from an applied stress or strain. Strain hardening also reduces ductility because some of the ductility is used up during cold working. Strain hardening occurs because of generation dislocations. As more dislocations are generated, they become entangled, and additional force or stress is required to cause additional deformation.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is A. π‘Ίπ’•π’“π’‚π’Šπ’ π‘―π’‚π’“π’…π’†π’π’Šπ’π’ˆ

PROBLEM 8: Which of the following does not produce vacancies, interstitial defects, or impurity defects in a material? A. π‘ƒπ‘™π‘Žπ‘ π‘‘π‘–π‘ π·π‘’π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› B. π‘„π‘’π‘’π‘›π‘β„Žπ‘–π‘›π‘” C. π‘†π‘™π‘œπ‘€ πΈπ‘žπ‘’π‘–π‘™π‘–π‘π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘’π‘š πΆπ‘œπ‘œπ‘™π‘–π‘›π‘” D. πΌπ‘›π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘‘π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’



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SOLUTION 8: The TOPIC OF MECHANISM OF PLASTIC FORMATION is not provided in the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. We must memorize these concepts and understand their application independent of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook. Slow equilibrium cooling is used to reduce variations in the material.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is C. π‘Ίπ’π’π’˜ π’†π’’π’–π’Šπ’π’Šπ’ƒπ’“π’Šπ’–π’Ž π’„π’π’π’π’Šπ’π’ˆ. PROBLEM 9: To which of the following can the large discrepancy between the actual and theoretical strengths of metals mainly be attributed? A. π»π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘ B. π·π‘–π‘ π‘™π‘œπ‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘  C. πΏπ‘œπ‘€ 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑦 D. π‘†π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘  π·π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›

SOLUTION 9: The TOPIC OF MECHANISM OF PLASTIC FORMATION is not provided in the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. We must memorize these concepts and understand their application independent of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook.

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Although point defects do contribute to the discrepancy in strengths, the major reason for the difference is the presence of dislocations.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is B. π‘«π’Šπ’”π’π’π’„π’‚π’•π’Šπ’π’π’” PROBLEM 10: What are the physical effects on a metal that is cold worked? A. πΌπ‘›π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’π‘‘ π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘”π‘‘β„Ž π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑑𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑦 B. πΌπ‘›π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’π‘‘ π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘”π‘‘β„Ž, π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’π‘‘ 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑑𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑦 C. π·π‘’π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’π‘‘ π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘”π‘‘β„Ž π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑑𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑦 D. π·π‘’π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’π‘‘ π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘”π‘‘β„Ž, π‘–π‘›π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑑𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑦

SOLUTION 10: The topic of COLD WORKING can be referenced under the topic of THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESSING on page 60 of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. The strength of the metal will increase at the expense of a loss in ductility

Therefore, the correct answer choice is B. Increased strength, decreased ductility.



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PROBLEM 11: Which of the following does cold working a metal cause? A. πΈπ‘™π‘œπ‘›π‘”π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘”π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘  𝑖𝑛 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘“π‘™π‘œπ‘€ π‘‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›, π‘Žπ‘› π‘–π‘›π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘π‘–π‘ π‘™π‘œπ‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑦, π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘› π‘œπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘™π‘™ π‘–π‘›π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘’π‘›π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘”π‘¦ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ B. πΈπ‘™π‘œπ‘›π‘”π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘œπ‘“ π‘”π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘  𝑖𝑛 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘“π‘™π‘œπ‘€ π‘‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›, π‘Ž π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘π‘–π‘ π‘™π‘œπ‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑦, π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘› π‘œπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘™π‘™ π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘’π‘›π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘”π‘¦ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ C. πΈπ‘™π‘œπ‘›π‘”π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘œπ‘“ π‘”π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘  𝑖𝑛 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘“π‘™π‘œπ‘€ π‘‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›, π‘Ž π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘π‘–π‘ π‘™π‘œπ‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑦, π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘› π‘œπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘™π‘™ π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘’π‘›π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘”π‘¦ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ D. π‘†β„Žπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘œπ‘“ π‘”π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘  𝑖𝑛 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘“π‘™π‘œπ‘€ π‘‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›, π‘Ž π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘π‘–π‘ π‘™π‘œπ‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑦, π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘› π‘œπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘™π‘™ π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘’π‘›π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘”π‘¦ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™

SOLUTION 11: The topic of COLD WORKING can be referenced under the topic of THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESSING on page 60 of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. Cold working a metal produces elongations of grains coupled with increases in both dislocation density and energy.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is A. Elongation of the grains in the flow direction, an increase in dislocation density, and an overall increase in energy of the metal.



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PROBLEM 12: Which of the following statements is false? A. π‘‡β„Žπ‘’ π‘Žπ‘šπ‘œπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘œπ‘“ π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘”π‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘π‘œπ‘™π‘‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜ π‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘›π‘œπ‘‘ 𝑏𝑒 π‘œπ‘π‘‘π‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘’π‘‘ π‘“π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘š π‘–π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘Žπ‘π‘œπ‘’π‘‘ π‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘›π‘”π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Ž π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘π‘˜π‘›π‘’π‘ π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘Ž π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ B. π‘‡β„Žπ‘’ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘π‘’π‘ π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘Žπ‘π‘π‘™π‘¦π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘’ π‘‘π‘œ π‘Ž π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘‘π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  π‘π‘’π‘™π‘œπ‘€ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘‘π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘¦π‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™π‘™π‘–π‘§π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› 𝑖𝑛 π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘‘π‘œ π‘π‘™π‘Žπ‘ π‘‘π‘–π‘π‘Žπ‘™π‘™π‘™π‘¦ π‘‘π‘’π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘š π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ 𝑖𝑠 π‘π‘Žπ‘™π‘™π‘’π‘‘ π‘π‘œπ‘™π‘‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘–π‘›π‘” C. π΄π‘›π‘›π‘’π‘Žπ‘™π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘’π‘™π‘–π‘šπ‘–π‘›π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘  π‘šπ‘œπ‘ π‘‘ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑑𝑠 π‘π‘Žπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘‘ 𝑏𝑦 π‘π‘œπ‘™π‘‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘œπ‘“ π‘Ž π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ D. π΄π‘›π‘›π‘’π‘™π‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘’π‘  π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ β„Žπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘›π‘’π‘ π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™

SOLUTION 12: The topic of COLD WORKING can be referenced under the topic of THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESSING on page 60 of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. The percentage of cold work can be calculated directly from the reduction in thickness or area of the metal.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is A. The amount of percentage of work cannot be obtained from information about change in the area or thickness of metal.



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PROBLEM 13: Which of the following statements is false? A. π‘‡β„Žπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’ 𝑖𝑠 π‘Ž π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘ π‘–π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘π‘™π‘’ π‘–π‘›π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ β„Žπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘›π‘’π‘ π‘  π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘”π‘‘β„Ž π‘œπ‘“ π‘Ž π‘π‘œπ‘™π‘‘ βˆ’ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘’π‘‘ π‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘Žπ‘™ B. πΆπ‘œπ‘™π‘‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Ž π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘ π‘–π‘”π‘›π‘–π‘“π‘–π‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘™π‘¦ π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘’π‘  𝑖𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑑𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑦 C. πΆπ‘œπ‘™π‘‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘π‘Žπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘  π‘Ž π‘ π‘™π‘–π‘”β„Žπ‘‘ π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑦 π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘’π‘™π‘’π‘π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘‘π‘–π‘£π‘–π‘‘π‘¦ π‘œπ‘“ π‘Ž π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ D. πΆπ‘œπ‘™π‘‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Ž π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’π‘  π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 π‘π‘œπ‘–π‘›π‘‘ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™

SOLUTION 13: The topic of COLD WORKING can be referenced under the topic of THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESSING on page 60 of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. Cold working increases the yield point as well as the strength and hardness of a metal.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is D. Cold working a metal decreases the yield point of the metal.



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PROBLEM 14: Which of the following statements is false? A. π»π‘œπ‘‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘π‘Žπ‘› 𝑏𝑒 π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘”π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘  π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘ π‘–π‘šπ‘’π‘™π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘’π‘œπ‘’π‘  π‘π‘œπ‘šπ‘π‘–π‘›π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘œπ‘“ π‘π‘œπ‘™π‘‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘›π‘’π‘Žπ‘™π‘–π‘›π‘” B. π»π‘œπ‘‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘–π‘›π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’π‘  π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑦 π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ C. 𝑂𝑛𝑒 π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘šπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘”π‘œπ‘Žπ‘™π‘  π‘œπ‘“ β„Žπ‘œπ‘‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘–π‘›π‘” 𝑖𝑠 π‘‘π‘œ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘π‘’ π‘Ž 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒 βˆ’ π‘”π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘’π‘‘ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘π‘‘ D. π»π‘œπ‘‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘π‘Žπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘  π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘› β„Žπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™

SOLUTION 14: The topic of HOT WORK can be referenced under the topic of THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESSING on page 60 of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. In hot working, the high temperature immediately releases any strain hardening that could occur in the deformation of the metal.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is D. Hot working causes strain hardening of the metal.



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PROBLEM 15: Which of the following statements is false? A. π‘†π‘‘π‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘™π‘’π‘ π‘  𝑠𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑙𝑠 π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘–π‘› π‘™π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘”π‘’ π‘Žπ‘šπ‘œπ‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘šπ‘–π‘’π‘š B. π‘‡β„Žπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘‘β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘’ π‘π‘Žπ‘ π‘–π‘ 𝑑𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑠 π‘œπ‘“ π‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘™π‘’π‘ π‘  𝑠𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑙𝑠: π‘šπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘ π‘–π‘, π‘Žπ‘’π‘ π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘ π‘–π‘, π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘“π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘ C. π‘‡β„Žπ‘’ π‘›π‘œπ‘›π‘šπ‘Žπ‘”π‘›π‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘ π‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘™π‘’π‘ π‘  𝑠𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑙𝑠 π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘–π‘› π‘™π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘”π‘’ π‘Žπ‘šπ‘œπ‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘›π‘–π‘π‘˜π‘’π‘™ D. π‘†π‘‘π‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘™π‘’π‘ π‘  𝑠𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑠 π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘ π‘–π‘œπ‘› βˆ’ π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘–π‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘

SOLUTION 15: The TOPIC OF STAINLESS STEEL is not provided in the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. We must memorize these concepts and understand their application independent of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook. There are only two types of stainless steel, magnetic and nonmagnetic.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is B. There are three basic types of stainless steels: martensic, austensic, and ferritic.



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PROBLEM 16: What minimum percentage of chromium is required in stainless steel to be completely corrosion-resistant? A. 8% B. 9% C. 11% D. 10%

SOLUTION 16: The TOPIC OF STAINLESS STEEL is not provided in the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. We must memorize these concepts and understand their application independent of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook. For complete corrosion resistance, stainless steel should have a chromium content of at least 11%.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is C. 𝟏𝟏%



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PROBLEM 17: If a material has a high hardness, what property below would increase linearly with the hardness? A. π‘Šπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜π‘Žπ‘π‘–π‘™π‘–π‘‘π‘¦ B. 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑑𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑦 C. πΌπ‘šπ‘π‘Žπ‘π‘‘ π‘†π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘”π‘‘β„Ž D. π‘Œπ‘–π‘’π‘™π‘‘ π‘†π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘”π‘‘β„Ž

SOLUTION 17: The topic of RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HARDNESS AND TENSILE STRENGTH can be referenced under the topic of THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESSING on page 63 of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. Hardness and strength are directly related such as the hardness of a material increases, the yield strength of the material also increases.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is D. π’€π’Šπ’†π’π’… π‘Ίπ’•π’“π’†π’π’ˆπ’•π’‰



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PROBLEM 18: Which type of hardening process will work as a strengthening mechanism in all metals? A. π‘Šπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜ β„Žπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” B. π‘ƒπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘–π‘π‘–π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› β„Žπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” C. 𝐴𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 D. π‘€π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘”

SOLUTION 18: The topic of COLD WORKING can be referenced under the topic of THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESSING on page 60 of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. A majority of all materials can be cold worked, such that they are deformed at ambient temperature. As a result of this deformation, the hardness increases, hardening the material. This process is referred to as work hardening.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is A. π‘Ύπ’π’“π’Œ π‘―π’‚π’“π’…π’†π’π’Šπ’π’ˆ



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PROBLEM 19: Which of the following does not occur when a metal is cold worked? A. 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑑𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑦 π·π‘’π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’π‘  B. 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 π‘†π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘”π‘‘β„Ž πΌπ‘›π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’π‘  C. πΊπ‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘  𝐴𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑛 π΄π‘™π‘œπ‘›π‘” π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘†π‘Žπ‘šπ‘’ 𝐴π‘₯𝑖𝑠 D. 𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑝 π‘œπ‘Ÿ 𝑇𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 π‘‡π‘Žπ‘˜π‘’π‘  π‘ƒπ‘™π‘Žπ‘π‘’

SOLUTION 19: The topic of COLD WORKING can be referenced under the topic of THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESSING on page 60 of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. When a material is cold worked, the grains become misaligned due to disruption in the crystalline arrangement.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is C. Grains align along the same axis.



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PROBLEM 20: Cold working of a material does all of the following except what? A. πΌπ‘›π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘†π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘”π‘‘β„Ž B. πΌπ‘›π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π»π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘›π‘’π‘ π‘  C. πΌπ‘›π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘†π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘› D. πΌπ‘›π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑑𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑦

SOLUTION 20: The topic of COLD WORKING can be referenced under the topic of THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESSING on page 60 of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. During cold working, some of the ductility of the material is used up. Therefore, ductility decreases during cold working.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is D. 𝑰𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆 π’Šπ’ π‘«π’–π’„π’•π’Šπ’π’Šπ’•π’š



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PROBLEM 21: Which of the following materials could be cut at the fastest cutting speed? A. 𝑆𝐴𝐸 4340 𝑆𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑙 B. π‘†π‘‘π‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘™π‘’π‘ π‘  𝑆𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑙 C. 𝑆𝐴𝐸 4140 𝑆𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑙 D. 𝑆𝐴𝐸 1020 𝑆𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑙

SOLUTION 21: The GRAPH OF THE JOMINY HARDENABILITY CURVES FOR SIX STEELS can be referenced under the topic of PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS on page 63 of the NCEES Supplied Reference Handbook, Version 9.4 for Computer Based Testing. Softer materials allow faster cutting speeds than harder materials. On the JOMINY HARDENABILITY CURVES FOR SIX STEELS, hardness is measured versus distance. Because the cooling rate is highest at the surface, the final hardness is highest at the surface.



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As shown on the hardenability curves, the low-alloy steels (𝑆𝐴𝐸 4140 and 𝑆𝐴𝐸 4340) have a greater hardenability than do the plain-carbon steels (1020, 1040, 1060). For a given cooling rate, the plain-carbon steels and their hardness is near the maximum possible. The steel with the lowest hardness values from the answer choices is SAE 1020 steel.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is D. 𝑺𝑨𝑬 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟎 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍



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