17A RW 01 CROSSWALK STOP ON RED Signs
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Item No.: 17A-RW-01
NCUTCD Proposal for Changes to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices TECHNICAL COMMITTEE: ITEM NUMBER: TOPIC: ORIGIN OF REQUEST:
AFFECTED SECTIONS OF MUTCD:
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Regulatory and Warning Signs Committee and Signals Technical Committee 17A-RW-01 R10-23, CROSSWALK STOP ON RED signs for Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon (PHB) locations Signals Technical Committee Representative (Richard Nassi). RW and SIG Technical Committees Joint Task force. Tom Heydel RWSTC (chair), Richard Nassi (STC), Lee Roadifer (RWSTC), Ross Oyen (RWSTC) Sections 2B.53, 2C.49, 2C.50, 7B.12 and 4F.01, 4F.02
DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: Task force: 9-10-16, revised 9-17-16, revised 9-30-16, revised 10-16-16, revised 11-4-16, revised 11-10-16, updated 11-20-16, updated 12-15-16, revised 1-4-17 • Approved by RW Technical Committee: 01/04/2017 • Approved by SIGNAL Technical Committee: 01/04/2017 • Approved by RW Technical Committee following sponsor comments: • Approved by SIGNAL Technical Committee following sponsor comments: MM/DD/YYYY • Approved by NCUTCD Council: MM/DD/YYYY NOTE TO BE PROVIDED IN VERSION SENT FOR SPONSOR REVIEW This is a proposal for recommended changes to the MUTCD that has been developed by a technical committee of the NCUTCD. The NCUTCD is distributing it to its sponsoring organizations for review and comment. Sponsor comments will be considered in revising the proposal prior to NCUTCD Council consideration. This proposal does not represent a revision of the MUTCD and does not constitute official MUTCD standards, guidance, or options. If approved by the NCUTCD Council, the recommended changes will be submitted to FHWA for consideration for inclusion in a future MUTCD revision. The MUTCD can be revised only through the federal rulemaking process.
NOTE TO BE PROVIDED IN VERSION SENT TO FHWA AFTER COUNCIL APPROVAL This is a proposal for recommended changes to the MUTCD that has been approved by the NCUTCD Council. This proposal does not represent a revision of the MUTCD and does not constitute official MUTCD standards, guidance, or options. It will be submitted to FHWA for consideration for inclusion in a future MUTCD revision. The MUTCD can be revised only through the federal rulemaking process.
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SUMMARY: When PHBs were first installed in 2000 in Tucson, Arizona the R10-23 (CROSSWALK STOP ON RED) sign was used, along with a temporary sign (FLASHING RED, STOP, PROCEED WHEN SAFE) to teach drivers they may proceed when crossing was clear. Many agencies started using other signs such as pedestrian warning sign (W11-2), the school warning sign (S11) or the Pedestrian/Bicycle combination sign (W11-15) and other signs. • Often drivers will not proceed during the flashing red interval, but rather remain stopped until the dark indication. Is there a better sign message to indicate to drivers that they can proceed during the flashing red interval? • The R10-23 sign is a SHALL condition in Section 4F.02. The R10-23 indicates to “STOP ON RED” but does not indicate what is to occur during flashing red phase. The R10-23 sign should be eliminated and replaced with an “optional” sign that more clearly indicates that the driver is to “STOP ON RED” and “PROCEED ON FLASHING RED WHEN CLEAR”. • The W11-2, W11-15, S1-1 should be used at PHB locations as applicable and a regulatory R10-23 modified sign (as determined by Pool Fund Study) would become a “may” condition based on engineering judgment since it is already required that drivers stop at a red ball indication. Accordingly, the R10-23 modified sign becomes more educational. DISCUSSION Eliminate the R10-23 (CROSSWALK STOP ON RED) sign in the MUTCD and replace it with a R10-23 modified sign referred in this proposal as R10-XX which better describes what the driver response should be to the solid red and flashing red. The sign could become a MAY condition for educational purposes where engineering judgment indicates a need for the sign. State laws already require vehicles to stop for a red ball indication. Many States and other municipalities have used PHB’s for many years and find that the R10-23 sign is no longer required and also does not best indicate the regulatory condition since it does not tell the driver what they are to do when it is flashing red. More critical MUTCD signing is desired such as S1-1 (School sign), W11-2 (Pedestrian Warning sign) or W11-15 (Pedestrian/Bicycle Warning sign).
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Research: A Technical Brief (FHWA Publication No: FHWA –HRT-16-039) was issued on June 2016. (Quote): Per this publication the PHB’s vehicular display faces consist of two red indications above a single yellow indication. It rests in a dark mode, but when it is activated by a pedestrian, it first displays to drivers a few seconds of flashing yellow followed by a steady yellow change interval and then displays a “walk” indication to pedestrians and a steady red indication to drivers, which creates a gap for pedestrians to cross the major roadway. During the flashing pedestrian clearance interval, the PHB displays an alternating flashing red indication to allow drivers to proceed after stopping if the pedestrians have cleared their half of the roadway, thereby reducing delays. A study was done to observe driver and pedestrian behaviors at existing sites. FHWA recommended the sign shown below to provide a clearer message for the flashing red phase:
R10-XX None of the drivers during this study appeared to be confused by the phase when the PHB device was dark. That is, they did not regard the dark PHB as requiring to stop. (Unquote) Discussion continued: Accordingly, the R10-23 sign should be eliminated from the MUTCD and replaced with a R10-23 modified (R10-XX) sign similar to what is shown above. Make this modified sign an option and use of more critical MUTCD signs such as the W11-2, W11-15 or S1-1 shall be used. Show the sign in Section 2B.53 instead of 4F.02 since it is a regulatory sign and should be called out in Section 2B.53. The FHWA sign indicated above or other similar sign presently being tested by the Pool fund study could be used depending on driver behavior based on engineering judgment. The consistent meaning throughout the MUTCD of a flashing red signal indication (Section 4D.04, item F of paragraph 3) is that a road user must come to a complete stop and then proceed 17A.RW.01
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only when it is safe to do so subject to the rules applicable after making a stop at a STOP sign. This same consistent meaning applies to traffic control signals (Chapter 4D, pedestrian hybrid beacons (Chapter 4F), emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons (Section 4G.04), intersection control beacons (Section 4L.02), stop beacons (Section 4L.05), and grade crossing flashing-light signals (Section 8C.02). (Source: Bruce Friedman email of August 12, 2016) RECOMMENDED MUTCD CHANGES The following present the proposed changes to the current MUTCD within the context of the current MUTCD language. Proposed additions to the MUTCD are shown in blue underline and proposed deletions from the MUTCD are shown in red strikethrough. Changes previously approved by NCUTCD Council (but not yet adopted by FHWA) are shown in green double underline for additions and green double strikethrough for deletions. In some cases, background comments may be provided with the MUTCD text. These comments are indicated by [highlighted light blue in brackets].
Chapter 2B. REGULATORY SIGNS, BARRICADES, AND GATES Section 2B.53 Traffic Signal Signs (R10-5 through R10-30) Option: 01 To supplement traffic signal control, Traffic Signal signs R10-5 through R10-30 may be used to regulate road users. 02 Traffic Signal signs (see Figure 2B-27) may be installed at certain locations to clarify signal control. Among the legends that may be used for this purpose are LEFT ON GREEN ARROW ONLY (R10-5), STOP HERE ON RED (R10-6 or R10-6a) for observance of stop lines, DO NOT BLOCK INTERSECTION (R10-7) for avoidance of traffic obstructions, USE LANE(S) WITH GREEN ARROW (R10-8) for obedience to lane-use control signals (see Chapter 4M), LEFT TURN YIELD ON GREEN (symbolic circular green) (R10-12), and LEFT TURN YIELD ON FLASHING RED ARROW AFTER STOP (R10-27). Figure 2B-27 Traffic Signal Signs and Plaques
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Delete R10-23 sign in Figure 2B-27 above. Add R10-23a sign shown below or sign message detail as determined by Pool Fund Study in progress.
Sign above also approved by FHWA interpretation letter to Delaware. Sign designation by FHWA is R10-23a. A Technical Brief (FHWA Publication No: FHWA –HRT-16-039) was issued on June 2016 that recommended this sign above also. Other option messages are being studied by Pool Fund Study as follows.
Guidance: 03 If used, the LEFT ON GREEN ARROW ONLY (R10-5) sign, the LEFT TURN YIELD ON GREEN (symbolic circular green) (R10-12) sign, or the LEFT TURN YIELD ON FLASHING RED ARROW AFTER STOP (R10-27) sign should be located adjacent to the left-turn signal face. Option: 04 If needed for additional emphasis, an additional LEFT TURN YIELD ON GREEN (symbolic circular green) (R10-12) sign with an AT SIGNAL (R10-31P) supplemental plaque (see Figure 2B-27) may be installed in advance of the intersection. 05 In situations where traffic control signals are coordinated for progressive timing, the Traffic Signal Speed (I1-1) sign may be used (see Section 2H.03). Standard: 06 The CROSSWALK STOP ON RED (symbolic circular red) (R10-23) sign (see Figure 2B-27) shall only be used in conjunction with pedestrian hybrid beacons (see Section 4F.02). 07 06 The EMERGENCY SIGNAL (R10-13) sign (see Figure 2B-27) shall be used in conjunction with emergency-vehicle traffic control signals (see Section 4G.02).
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The EMERGENCY SIGNAL—STOP ON FLASHING RED (R10-14 or R10-14a) sign (see Figure 2B-27) shall be used in conjunction with emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons (see Section 4G.04). Option: 08 The CROSSWALK STOP ON RED, PROCEED ON FLASHING RED WHEN CLEAR R10-XX sign (see Figure 2B-27) may be used in conjunction with pedestrian hybrid beacons (See Section 4F.02) where engineering judgment deems that there is a need to educate drivers about the beacon operation at new pedestrian hybrid beacon installations. 09 In order to remind drivers who are making turns to yield to pedestrians, a Turning Vehicles Yield to Pedestrians (R10-15) sign (see Figure 2B-27) may be used. 10 A U-TURN YIELD TO RIGHT TURN (R10-16) sign (see Figure 2B-27) may be installed near the left-turn signal face if U-turns are allowed on a protected left-turn movement on an approach from which a right-turn GREEN ARROW signal indication is simultaneously being displayed to drivers making a right turn from the conflicting approach to their left. 08 07
CHAPTER 2C. WARNING SIGNS AND OBJECT MARKERS Section 2C.49 Vehicular Traffic Warning Signs (W8-6, W11-1, W11-5, W11-5a, W11-8, W11-10, W11-11, W11-12P, W11-14, W11-15, and W11-15a) Option: 01 Vehicular Traffic Warning (W8-6, W11-1, W11-5, W11-5a, W11-8, W11-10, W11-11, W1112P, W11-14, W11-15, and W11-15a) signs (see Figure 2C-10) may be used to alert road users to locations where unexpected entries into the roadway by trucks, bicyclists, farm vehicles, emergency vehicles, golf carts, horse-drawn vehicles, or other vehicles might occur. The TRUCK CROSSING (W8-6) word message sign may be used as an alternate to the Truck Crossing (W11-10) symbol sign. Figure 2C-10 Vehicular Traffic Warning Signs and Plaques
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Support:
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These locations might be relatively confined or might occur randomly over a segment of roadway. 02
Guidance: 03 Vehicular Traffic Warning signs should be used only at locations where the road user's sight distance is restricted, or the condition, activity, or entering traffic would be unexpected. 04 If the condition or activity is seasonal or temporary, the Vehicular Traffic Warning sign should be removed or covered when the condition or activity does not exist. Standard: 04a At a Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon location (see Section 4F.01) serving a Bicycle/Pedestrian crossing, a Bicycle/Pedestrian (W11-15) sign (see Figure 2C-10) shall be installed near the pedestrian hybrid beacon face. Option: 05 The combined Bicycle/Pedestrian (W11-15) sign may be used where both bicyclists and pedestrians might be crossing the roadway, such as at an intersection with a shared-use path. A TRAIL X-ING (W11-15P) supplemental plaque (see Figure 2C-10) may be mounted below the W11-15 sign. The TRAIL CROSSING (W11-15a) sign may be used to warn of shared-use path crossings where pedestrians, bicyclists, and other user groups might be crossing the roadway. 06 The W11-1, W11-15, and W11-15a signs and their related supplemental plaques may have a fluorescent yellow-green background with a black legend and border. 07 Supplemental plaques (see Section 2C.53) with legends such as AHEAD, XX FEET, NEXT XX MILES, or SHARE THE ROAD may be mounted below Vehicular Traffic Warning signs to provide advance notice to road users of unexpected entries. Guidance: 08 If used in advance of a pedestrian and bicycle crossing, a W11-15 or W11-15a sign should be supplemented with an AHEAD or XX FEET plaque to inform road users that they are approaching a point where crossing activity might occur. Standard: 09 If a post-mounted W11-1, W11-11, W11-15, or W11-15a sign is placed at the location of the crossing point where golf carts, pedestrians, bicyclists, or other shared-use path users might be crossing the roadway, a diagonal downward pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque (see Figure 2C-12) shall be mounted below the sign. If the W11-1, W11-11, W11-15, or W11-15a sign is mounted overhead, the W16-7P supplemental plaque shall not be used. Option: 10 The crossing location identified by a W11-1, W11-11, W11-15, or W11-15a sign may be defined with crosswalk markings (see Section 3B.18). Standard: 11 The Emergency Vehicle (W11-8) sign (see Figure 2C-10) with the EMERGENCY SIGNAL AHEAD (W11-12P) supplemental plaque (see Figure 2C-10) shall be placed in advance of all emergency-vehicle traffic control signals (see Chapter 4G). Option: 12 The Emergency Vehicle (W11-8) sign, or a word message sign indicating the type of emergency vehicle (such as rescue squad), may be used in advance of the emergency-vehicle station when no emergency-vehicle traffic control signal is present.
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A Warning Beacon (see Section 4L.03) may be used with any Vehicular Traffic Warning sign to indicate specific periods when the condition or activity is present or is likely to be present, or to provide enhanced sign conspicuity. 14 A supplemental WHEN FLASHING (W16-13P) plaque (see Figure 2C-12) may be used with any Vehicular Traffic Warning sign that is supplemented with a Warning Beacon to indicate specific periods when the condition or activity is present or is likely to be present.
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Figure 2C-11 Non-Vehicular Warning Signs
Section 2C.50 Non-Vehicular Warning Signs (W11-2, W11-3, W11-4, W11-6, W11-7, W119, and W11-16 through W11-22) Option: 01 Non-Vehicular Warning (W11-2, W11-3, W11-4, W11-6, W11-7, W11-9, and W11-16 through W11-22) signs (see Figure 2C-11) may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries into the roadway might occur or where shared use of the roadway by pedestrians, animals, or equestrians might occur. Standard: 01a At a Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon location (see Section 4F.01) serving a pedestrian crossing, a Pedestrian (W11-2) sign (see Figure 2C-11) shall be installed near the pedestrian hybrid beacon face.
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Support: 02 These conflicts might be relatively confined, or might occur randomly over a segment of roadway. Guidance: 03 If used in advance of a pedestrian, snowmobile, or equestrian crossing, the W11-2, W11-6, W11-7, and W11-9 signs should be supplemented with plaques (see Section 2C.55) with the legend AHEAD or XX FEET to inform road users that they are approaching a point where crossing activity might occur. Standard: 04 If a post-mounted W11-2, W11-6, W11-7, or W11-9 sign is placed at the location of the crossing point where pedestrians, snowmobilers, or equestrians might be crossing the roadway, a diagonal downward pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque (see Figure 2C-12) shall
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be mounted below the sign. If the W11-2, W11-6, W11-7, or W11-9 sign is mounted overhead, the W16-7P plaque shall not be used. Figure 2C-12 Supplemental Warning Plaques
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Option: 05 A Pedestrian Crossing (W11-2) sign may be placed overhead or may be post-mounted with a diagonal downward pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque at the crosswalk location where Yield Here To (Stop Here For) Pedestrians signs (see Section 2B.11) have been installed in advance of the crosswalk. Standard: 06 If a W11-2 sign has been post-mounted at the crosswalk location where a Yield Here To (Stop Here For) Pedestrians sign is used on the approach, the Yield Here To (Stop Here For) Pedestrians sign shall not be placed on the same post as or block the road user's view of the W11-2 sign. Option: 07 An advance Pedestrian Crossing (W11-2) sign with an AHEAD or a distance supplemental plaque may be used in conjunction with a Yield Here To (Stop Here For) Pedestrians sign on the approach to the same crosswalk. 08 The crossing location identified by a W11-2, W11-6, W11-7, or W11-9 sign may be defined with crosswalk markings (see Section 3B.18). 09 The W11-2 and W11-9 signs and their related supplemental plaques may have a fluorescent yellow-green background with a black legend and border. Guidance: 10 When a fluorescent yellow-green background is used, a systematic approach featuring one background color within a zone or area should be used. The mixing of standard yellow and fluorescent yellow-green backgrounds within a selected site area should be avoided. Option: 11 A Warning Beacon (see Section 4L.03) may be used with any Non-Vehicular Warning sign to indicate specific periods when the condition or activity is present or is likely to be present, or to provide enhanced sign conspicuity. 12 A supplemental WHEN FLASHING (W16-13P) plaque (see Figure 2C-12) may be used with any Non-Vehicular Warning sign that is supplemented with a Warning Beacon to indicate specific periods when the condition or activity is present or is likely to be present.
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CHAPTER 7B. SIGNS Section 7B.12 School Crossing Assembly Standard: 01 If used, the School Crossing assembly (see Figure 7B-1) shall be installed at the school crossing (see Figures 7B-4 and 7B-5), or as close to it as possible, and shall consist of a School (S1-1) sign supplemented with a diagonal downward pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque to show the location of the crossing. 02 The School Crossing assembly shall not be used at crossings other than those adjacent to schools and those on established school pedestrian routes. 03 The School Crossing assembly shall not be installed on approaches controlled by a STOP or YIELD sign. 03a At a pedestrian hybrid beacon (see Section 4F.01) serving a school crossing, where a School (S1-1) sign is installed in advance of the crosswalk, a School sign shall be installed near the pedestrian hybrid beacon face. Option: 04 The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing (R1-6 or R1-6a) sign (see Section 2B.12 and Figure 7B-6) or the In-Street Schoolchildren Crossing (R1-6b or R1-6c) sign (see Figure 7B-6) may be used at unsignalized school crossings. If used at a school crossing, a 12 x 4-inch SCHOOL (S4-3P) plaque (see Figure 7B-6) may be mounted above the sign. The STATE LAW legend on the R1-6 series signs may be omitted. Figure 7B-6 In-Street Signs in School Areas
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The Overhead Pedestrian Crossing (R1-9 or R1-9a) sign (see Section 2B.12 and Figure 2B-2) may be modified to replace the standard pedestrian symbol with the standard schoolchildren symbol and may be used at unsignalized school crossings. The STATE LAW legend on the R1-9 series signs may be omitted. 06 A 12-inch reduced size in-street School (S1-1) sign (see Figure 7B-6) may be used at an unsignalized school crossing instead of the In-Street Pedestrian Crossing (R1-6 or R1-6a) or the 05
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In-Street Schoolchildren Crossing (R1-6b or R1-6c) sign. A 12 x 6-inch reduced size diagonal downward pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque may be mounted below the reduced size in-street School (S1-1) sign. Standard: 07 If an In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign, an In-Street Schoolchildren Crossing sign, or a reduced size in-street School (S1-1) sign is placed in the roadway, the sign support shall comply with the mounting height and special mounting support requirements for In-Street Pedestrian Crossing (R1-6 or R1-6a) signs (see Section 2B.12). 08 The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign, the In-Street Schoolchildren Crossing sign, the Overhead Pedestrian Crossing sign, and the reduced size in-street School (S1-1) sign shall not be used at signalized locations. CHAPTER 4F. PEDESTRIAN HYBRID BEACONS Section 4F.01 Application of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons Support: 01 A pedestrian hybrid beacon is a special type of hybrid beacon used to warn and control traffic at an unsignalized location to assist pedestrians in crossing a street or highway at a marked crosswalk. Option: 02 A pedestrian hybrid beacon may be considered for installation to facilitate pedestrian crossings at a location that does not meet traffic signal warrants (see Chapter 4C), or at a location that meets traffic signal warrants under Sections 4C.05 and/or 4C.06 but a decision is made to not install a traffic control signal. Standard: 03 If used, pedestrian hybrid beacons shall be used in conjunction with signs (See Sections 2B.53, 2C.49, 2C.50 and 7B.12, as applicable) and pavement markings to warn and control traffic at locations where pedestrians enter or cross a street or highway. A pedestrian hybrid beacon shall only be installed at a marked crosswalk. Section 4F.02 Design of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons Standard: 01 Except as otherwise provided in this Section, a pedestrian hybrid beacon shall meet the provisions of Chapters 4D and 4E. 02 A pedestrian hybrid beacon face shall consist of three signal sections, with a CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indication centered below two horizontally aligned CIRCULAR RED signal indications (see Figure 4F-3). Figure 4F-3 Sequence for a Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon
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When an engineering study finds that installation of a pedestrian hybrid beacon is justified, then: A. At least two pedestrian hybrid beacon faces shall be installed for each approach of the major street, B. A stop line shall be installed for each approach to the crosswalk, C. A pedestrian signal head conforming to the provisions set forth in Chapter 4E shall be installed at each end of the marked crosswalk, and D. The pedestrian hybrid beacon shall be pedestrian actuated. Guidance: 04 When an engineering study finds that installation of a pedestrian hybrid beacon is justified, then: A. The pedestrian hybrid beacon should be installed at least 100 feet from side streets or driveways that are controlled by STOP or YIELD signs, B. Parking and other sight obstructions should be prohibited for at least 100 feet in advance of and at least 20 feet beyond the marked crosswalk, or site accommodations should be made through curb extensions or other techniques to provide adequate sight distance, C. The installation should include suitable standard signs and pavement markings, and D. If installed within a signal system, the pedestrian hybrid beacon should be coordinated. 03
On approaches having posted or statutory speed limits or 85th-percentile speeds in excess of 35 mph and on approaches having traffic or operating conditions that would tend to obscure visibility of roadside hybrid beacon face locations, both of the minimum of two pedestrian hybrid beacon faces should be installed over the roadway. 06 On multi-lane approaches having a posted or statutory speed limits or 85th-percentile speeds of 35 mph or less, either a pedestrian hybrid beacon face should be installed on each side of the approach (if a median of sufficient width exists) or at least one of the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces should be installed over the roadway. 07 A pedestrian hybrid beacon should comply with the signal face location provisions described in Sections 4D.11 through 4D.16. Standard: 08 A CROSSWALK STOP ON RED (symbolic circular red) (R10-23) sign (see Section 2B.53) shall be mounted adjacent to a pedestrian hybrid beacon face on each major street approach. If an overhead pedestrian hybrid beacon face is provided, the sign shall be mounted adjacent to the overhead signal face. Standard: 08 An appropriate warning sign shall be mounted adjacent to a pedestrian hybrid beacon face on each major street approach (see Sections 2C.49, 2C.50 or 7B.12, as applicable). Option: 08a A regulatory sign (R10-23a) may be mounted adjacent to a pedestrian hybrid beacon face on each major street (See Section 2B.53). Option: 09 A Pedestrian (A-2) warning sign (see Section 2C.50) with an AHEAD (W16-9P) supplemental plaque may be placed in advance of a pedestrian hybrid beacon. A warning beacon may be installed to supplement the W11-2 sign. Guidance: 05
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If a warning beacon supplements a W11-2 sign in advance of a pedestrian hybrid beacon, it should be programmed to flash only when the pedestrian hybrid beacon is not in the dark mode. Standard: 11 If a warning beacon is installed to supplement the W11-2 sign, the design and location of the warning beacon shall comply with the provisions of Sections 4L.01 and 4L.03. 10
Educational/Regulatory Signs under study or consideration by FHWA Research Group, Human Factors Team NCUTCD Research Committee Jim Schurbutt, PH.D Research Psychologist presentation at Research Committee June 9, 2016. Whichever sign shows the best comprehension by the study would become the R10-23a sign in Section 2B.53.
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Sign suggested for consideration by Texas Transportation Institute in PHB Study 2016 and MUTCD Team is shown below. Sign shown as R10-23a in FHWA interpretation letter to Delaware DOT and in A Technical Brief (FHWA Publication No: FHWA –HRT-16-039)
(R10-23a) C:NCUTCD/January 2017/Tom Heydel/17A-RW-01 Stop Here on Red R10-23 PHB’s revised 9-10-16, revised 9-17-16, revised 9-30-16, 10-16-16, revised 11-4-16, revised 11-10-16, updated 11-20-16, updated 12-15-16, revised 1-4-17
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Item No.: 17A-RW-01
NCUTCD Proposal for Changes to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices TECHNICAL COMMITTEE: ITEM NUMBER: TOPIC: ORIGIN OF REQUEST:
AFFECTED SECTIONS OF MUTCD:
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Regulatory and Warning Signs Committee and Signals Technical Committee 17A-RW-01 R10-23, CROSSWALK STOP ON RED signs for Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon (PHB) locations Signals Technical Committee Representative (Richard Nassi). RW and SIG Technical Committees Joint Task force. Tom Heydel RWSTC (chair), Richard Nassi (STC), Lee Roadifer (RWSTC), Ross Oyen (RWSTC) Sections 2B.53, 2C.49, 2C.50, 7B.12 and 4F.01, 4F.02
DEVELOPMENT HISTORY: Task force: 9-10-16, revised 9-17-16, revised 9-30-16, revised 10-16-16, revised 11-4-16, revised 11-10-16, updated 11-20-16, updated 12-15-16, revised 1-4-17 • Approved by RW Technical Committee: 01/04/2017 • Approved by SIGNAL Technical Committee: 01/04/2017 • Approved by RW Technical Committee following sponsor comments: • Approved by SIGNAL Technical Committee following sponsor comments: MM/DD/YYYY • Approved by NCUTCD Council: MM/DD/YYYY NOTE TO BE PROVIDED IN VERSION SENT FOR SPONSOR REVIEW This is a proposal for recommended changes to the MUTCD that has been developed by a technical committee of the NCUTCD. The NCUTCD is distributing it to its sponsoring organizations for review and comment. Sponsor comments will be considered in revising the proposal prior to NCUTCD Council consideration. This proposal does not represent a revision of the MUTCD and does not constitute official MUTCD standards, guidance, or options. If approved by the NCUTCD Council, the recommended changes will be submitted to FHWA for consideration for inclusion in a future MUTCD revision. The MUTCD can be revised only through the federal rulemaking process.
NOTE TO BE PROVIDED IN VERSION SENT TO FHWA AFTER COUNCIL APPROVAL This is a proposal for recommended changes to the MUTCD that has been approved by the NCUTCD Council. This proposal does not represent a revision of the MUTCD and does not constitute official MUTCD standards, guidance, or options. It will be submitted to FHWA for consideration for inclusion in a future MUTCD revision. The MUTCD can be revised only through the federal rulemaking process.
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SUMMARY: When PHBs were first installed in 2000 in Tucson, Arizona the R10-23 (CROSSWALK STOP ON RED) sign was used, along with a temporary sign (FLASHING RED, STOP, PROCEED WHEN SAFE) to teach drivers they may proceed when crossing was clear. Many agencies started using other signs such as pedestrian warning sign (W11-2), the school warning sign (S11) or the Pedestrian/Bicycle combination sign (W11-15) and other signs. • Often drivers will not proceed during the flashing red interval, but rather remain stopped until the dark indication. Is there a better sign message to indicate to drivers that they can proceed during the flashing red interval? • The R10-23 sign is a SHALL condition in Section 4F.02. The R10-23 indicates to “STOP ON RED” but does not indicate what is to occur during flashing red phase. The R10-23 sign should be eliminated and replaced with an “optional” sign that more clearly indicates that the driver is to “STOP ON RED” and “PROCEED ON FLASHING RED WHEN CLEAR”. • The W11-2, W11-15, S1-1 should be used at PHB locations as applicable and a regulatory R10-23 modified sign (as determined by Pool Fund Study) would become a “may” condition based on engineering judgment since it is already required that drivers stop at a red ball indication. Accordingly, the R10-23 modified sign becomes more educational. DISCUSSION Eliminate the R10-23 (CROSSWALK STOP ON RED) sign in the MUTCD and replace it with a R10-23 modified sign referred in this proposal as R10-XX which better describes what the driver response should be to the solid red and flashing red. The sign could become a MAY condition for educational purposes where engineering judgment indicates a need for the sign. State laws already require vehicles to stop for a red ball indication. Many States and other municipalities have used PHB’s for many years and find that the R10-23 sign is no longer required and also does not best indicate the regulatory condition since it does not tell the driver what they are to do when it is flashing red. More critical MUTCD signing is desired such as S1-1 (School sign), W11-2 (Pedestrian Warning sign) or W11-15 (Pedestrian/Bicycle Warning sign).
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Research: A Technical Brief (FHWA Publication No: FHWA –HRT-16-039) was issued on June 2016. (Quote): Per this publication the PHB’s vehicular display faces consist of two red indications above a single yellow indication. It rests in a dark mode, but when it is activated by a pedestrian, it first displays to drivers a few seconds of flashing yellow followed by a steady yellow change interval and then displays a “walk” indication to pedestrians and a steady red indication to drivers, which creates a gap for pedestrians to cross the major roadway. During the flashing pedestrian clearance interval, the PHB displays an alternating flashing red indication to allow drivers to proceed after stopping if the pedestrians have cleared their half of the roadway, thereby reducing delays. A study was done to observe driver and pedestrian behaviors at existing sites. FHWA recommended the sign shown below to provide a clearer message for the flashing red phase:
R10-XX None of the drivers during this study appeared to be confused by the phase when the PHB device was dark. That is, they did not regard the dark PHB as requiring to stop. (Unquote) Discussion continued: Accordingly, the R10-23 sign should be eliminated from the MUTCD and replaced with a R10-23 modified (R10-XX) sign similar to what is shown above. Make this modified sign an option and use of more critical MUTCD signs such as the W11-2, W11-15 or S1-1 shall be used. Show the sign in Section 2B.53 instead of 4F.02 since it is a regulatory sign and should be called out in Section 2B.53. The FHWA sign indicated above or other similar sign presently being tested by the Pool fund study could be used depending on driver behavior based on engineering judgment. The consistent meaning throughout the MUTCD of a flashing red signal indication (Section 4D.04, item F of paragraph 3) is that a road user must come to a complete stop and then proceed 17A.RW.01
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only when it is safe to do so subject to the rules applicable after making a stop at a STOP sign. This same consistent meaning applies to traffic control signals (Chapter 4D, pedestrian hybrid beacons (Chapter 4F), emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons (Section 4G.04), intersection control beacons (Section 4L.02), stop beacons (Section 4L.05), and grade crossing flashing-light signals (Section 8C.02). (Source: Bruce Friedman email of August 12, 2016) RECOMMENDED MUTCD CHANGES The following present the proposed changes to the current MUTCD within the context of the current MUTCD language. Proposed additions to the MUTCD are shown in blue underline and proposed deletions from the MUTCD are shown in red strikethrough. Changes previously approved by NCUTCD Council (but not yet adopted by FHWA) are shown in green double underline for additions and green double strikethrough for deletions. In some cases, background comments may be provided with the MUTCD text. These comments are indicated by [highlighted light blue in brackets].
Chapter 2B. REGULATORY SIGNS, BARRICADES, AND GATES Section 2B.53 Traffic Signal Signs (R10-5 through R10-30) Option: 01 To supplement traffic signal control, Traffic Signal signs R10-5 through R10-30 may be used to regulate road users. 02 Traffic Signal signs (see Figure 2B-27) may be installed at certain locations to clarify signal control. Among the legends that may be used for this purpose are LEFT ON GREEN ARROW ONLY (R10-5), STOP HERE ON RED (R10-6 or R10-6a) for observance of stop lines, DO NOT BLOCK INTERSECTION (R10-7) for avoidance of traffic obstructions, USE LANE(S) WITH GREEN ARROW (R10-8) for obedience to lane-use control signals (see Chapter 4M), LEFT TURN YIELD ON GREEN (symbolic circular green) (R10-12), and LEFT TURN YIELD ON FLASHING RED ARROW AFTER STOP (R10-27). Figure 2B-27 Traffic Signal Signs and Plaques
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Delete R10-23 sign in Figure 2B-27 above. Add R10-23a sign shown below or sign message detail as determined by Pool Fund Study in progress.
Sign above also approved by FHWA interpretation letter to Delaware. Sign designation by FHWA is R10-23a. A Technical Brief (FHWA Publication No: FHWA –HRT-16-039) was issued on June 2016 that recommended this sign above also. Other option messages are being studied by Pool Fund Study as follows.
Guidance: 03 If used, the LEFT ON GREEN ARROW ONLY (R10-5) sign, the LEFT TURN YIELD ON GREEN (symbolic circular green) (R10-12) sign, or the LEFT TURN YIELD ON FLASHING RED ARROW AFTER STOP (R10-27) sign should be located adjacent to the left-turn signal face. Option: 04 If needed for additional emphasis, an additional LEFT TURN YIELD ON GREEN (symbolic circular green) (R10-12) sign with an AT SIGNAL (R10-31P) supplemental plaque (see Figure 2B-27) may be installed in advance of the intersection. 05 In situations where traffic control signals are coordinated for progressive timing, the Traffic Signal Speed (I1-1) sign may be used (see Section 2H.03). Standard: 06 The CROSSWALK STOP ON RED (symbolic circular red) (R10-23) sign (see Figure 2B-27) shall only be used in conjunction with pedestrian hybrid beacons (see Section 4F.02). 07 06 The EMERGENCY SIGNAL (R10-13) sign (see Figure 2B-27) shall be used in conjunction with emergency-vehicle traffic control signals (see Section 4G.02).
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The EMERGENCY SIGNAL—STOP ON FLASHING RED (R10-14 or R10-14a) sign (see Figure 2B-27) shall be used in conjunction with emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons (see Section 4G.04). Option: 08 The CROSSWALK STOP ON RED, PROCEED ON FLASHING RED WHEN CLEAR R10-XX sign (see Figure 2B-27) may be used in conjunction with pedestrian hybrid beacons (See Section 4F.02) where engineering judgment deems that there is a need to educate drivers about the beacon operation at new pedestrian hybrid beacon installations. 09 In order to remind drivers who are making turns to yield to pedestrians, a Turning Vehicles Yield to Pedestrians (R10-15) sign (see Figure 2B-27) may be used. 10 A U-TURN YIELD TO RIGHT TURN (R10-16) sign (see Figure 2B-27) may be installed near the left-turn signal face if U-turns are allowed on a protected left-turn movement on an approach from which a right-turn GREEN ARROW signal indication is simultaneously being displayed to drivers making a right turn from the conflicting approach to their left. 08 07
CHAPTER 2C. WARNING SIGNS AND OBJECT MARKERS Section 2C.49 Vehicular Traffic Warning Signs (W8-6, W11-1, W11-5, W11-5a, W11-8, W11-10, W11-11, W11-12P, W11-14, W11-15, and W11-15a) Option: 01 Vehicular Traffic Warning (W8-6, W11-1, W11-5, W11-5a, W11-8, W11-10, W11-11, W1112P, W11-14, W11-15, and W11-15a) signs (see Figure 2C-10) may be used to alert road users to locations where unexpected entries into the roadway by trucks, bicyclists, farm vehicles, emergency vehicles, golf carts, horse-drawn vehicles, or other vehicles might occur. The TRUCK CROSSING (W8-6) word message sign may be used as an alternate to the Truck Crossing (W11-10) symbol sign. Figure 2C-10 Vehicular Traffic Warning Signs and Plaques
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Support:
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These locations might be relatively confined or might occur randomly over a segment of roadway. 02
Guidance: 03 Vehicular Traffic Warning signs should be used only at locations where the road user's sight distance is restricted, or the condition, activity, or entering traffic would be unexpected. 04 If the condition or activity is seasonal or temporary, the Vehicular Traffic Warning sign should be removed or covered when the condition or activity does not exist. Standard: 04a At a Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon location (see Section 4F.01) serving a Bicycle/Pedestrian crossing, a Bicycle/Pedestrian (W11-15) sign (see Figure 2C-10) shall be installed near the pedestrian hybrid beacon face. Option: 05 The combined Bicycle/Pedestrian (W11-15) sign may be used where both bicyclists and pedestrians might be crossing the roadway, such as at an intersection with a shared-use path. A TRAIL X-ING (W11-15P) supplemental plaque (see Figure 2C-10) may be mounted below the W11-15 sign. The TRAIL CROSSING (W11-15a) sign may be used to warn of shared-use path crossings where pedestrians, bicyclists, and other user groups might be crossing the roadway. 06 The W11-1, W11-15, and W11-15a signs and their related supplemental plaques may have a fluorescent yellow-green background with a black legend and border. 07 Supplemental plaques (see Section 2C.53) with legends such as AHEAD, XX FEET, NEXT XX MILES, or SHARE THE ROAD may be mounted below Vehicular Traffic Warning signs to provide advance notice to road users of unexpected entries. Guidance: 08 If used in advance of a pedestrian and bicycle crossing, a W11-15 or W11-15a sign should be supplemented with an AHEAD or XX FEET plaque to inform road users that they are approaching a point where crossing activity might occur. Standard: 09 If a post-mounted W11-1, W11-11, W11-15, or W11-15a sign is placed at the location of the crossing point where golf carts, pedestrians, bicyclists, or other shared-use path users might be crossing the roadway, a diagonal downward pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque (see Figure 2C-12) shall be mounted below the sign. If the W11-1, W11-11, W11-15, or W11-15a sign is mounted overhead, the W16-7P supplemental plaque shall not be used. Option: 10 The crossing location identified by a W11-1, W11-11, W11-15, or W11-15a sign may be defined with crosswalk markings (see Section 3B.18). Standard: 11 The Emergency Vehicle (W11-8) sign (see Figure 2C-10) with the EMERGENCY SIGNAL AHEAD (W11-12P) supplemental plaque (see Figure 2C-10) shall be placed in advance of all emergency-vehicle traffic control signals (see Chapter 4G). Option: 12 The Emergency Vehicle (W11-8) sign, or a word message sign indicating the type of emergency vehicle (such as rescue squad), may be used in advance of the emergency-vehicle station when no emergency-vehicle traffic control signal is present.
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A Warning Beacon (see Section 4L.03) may be used with any Vehicular Traffic Warning sign to indicate specific periods when the condition or activity is present or is likely to be present, or to provide enhanced sign conspicuity. 14 A supplemental WHEN FLASHING (W16-13P) plaque (see Figure 2C-12) may be used with any Vehicular Traffic Warning sign that is supplemented with a Warning Beacon to indicate specific periods when the condition or activity is present or is likely to be present.
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Figure 2C-11 Non-Vehicular Warning Signs
Section 2C.50 Non-Vehicular Warning Signs (W11-2, W11-3, W11-4, W11-6, W11-7, W119, and W11-16 through W11-22) Option: 01 Non-Vehicular Warning (W11-2, W11-3, W11-4, W11-6, W11-7, W11-9, and W11-16 through W11-22) signs (see Figure 2C-11) may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries into the roadway might occur or where shared use of the roadway by pedestrians, animals, or equestrians might occur. Standard: 01a At a Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon location (see Section 4F.01) serving a pedestrian crossing, a Pedestrian (W11-2) sign (see Figure 2C-11) shall be installed near the pedestrian hybrid beacon face.
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Support: 02 These conflicts might be relatively confined, or might occur randomly over a segment of roadway. Guidance: 03 If used in advance of a pedestrian, snowmobile, or equestrian crossing, the W11-2, W11-6, W11-7, and W11-9 signs should be supplemented with plaques (see Section 2C.55) with the legend AHEAD or XX FEET to inform road users that they are approaching a point where crossing activity might occur. Standard: 04 If a post-mounted W11-2, W11-6, W11-7, or W11-9 sign is placed at the location of the crossing point where pedestrians, snowmobilers, or equestrians might be crossing the roadway, a diagonal downward pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque (see Figure 2C-12) shall
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be mounted below the sign. If the W11-2, W11-6, W11-7, or W11-9 sign is mounted overhead, the W16-7P plaque shall not be used. Figure 2C-12 Supplemental Warning Plaques
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Option: 05 A Pedestrian Crossing (W11-2) sign may be placed overhead or may be post-mounted with a diagonal downward pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque at the crosswalk location where Yield Here To (Stop Here For) Pedestrians signs (see Section 2B.11) have been installed in advance of the crosswalk. Standard: 06 If a W11-2 sign has been post-mounted at the crosswalk location where a Yield Here To (Stop Here For) Pedestrians sign is used on the approach, the Yield Here To (Stop Here For) Pedestrians sign shall not be placed on the same post as or block the road user's view of the W11-2 sign. Option: 07 An advance Pedestrian Crossing (W11-2) sign with an AHEAD or a distance supplemental plaque may be used in conjunction with a Yield Here To (Stop Here For) Pedestrians sign on the approach to the same crosswalk. 08 The crossing location identified by a W11-2, W11-6, W11-7, or W11-9 sign may be defined with crosswalk markings (see Section 3B.18). 09 The W11-2 and W11-9 signs and their related supplemental plaques may have a fluorescent yellow-green background with a black legend and border. Guidance: 10 When a fluorescent yellow-green background is used, a systematic approach featuring one background color within a zone or area should be used. The mixing of standard yellow and fluorescent yellow-green backgrounds within a selected site area should be avoided. Option: 11 A Warning Beacon (see Section 4L.03) may be used with any Non-Vehicular Warning sign to indicate specific periods when the condition or activity is present or is likely to be present, or to provide enhanced sign conspicuity. 12 A supplemental WHEN FLASHING (W16-13P) plaque (see Figure 2C-12) may be used with any Non-Vehicular Warning sign that is supplemented with a Warning Beacon to indicate specific periods when the condition or activity is present or is likely to be present.
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CHAPTER 7B. SIGNS Section 7B.12 School Crossing Assembly Standard: 01 If used, the School Crossing assembly (see Figure 7B-1) shall be installed at the school crossing (see Figures 7B-4 and 7B-5), or as close to it as possible, and shall consist of a School (S1-1) sign supplemented with a diagonal downward pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque to show the location of the crossing. 02 The School Crossing assembly shall not be used at crossings other than those adjacent to schools and those on established school pedestrian routes. 03 The School Crossing assembly shall not be installed on approaches controlled by a STOP or YIELD sign. 03a At a pedestrian hybrid beacon (see Section 4F.01) serving a school crossing, where a School (S1-1) sign is installed in advance of the crosswalk, a School sign shall be installed near the pedestrian hybrid beacon face. Option: 04 The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing (R1-6 or R1-6a) sign (see Section 2B.12 and Figure 7B-6) or the In-Street Schoolchildren Crossing (R1-6b or R1-6c) sign (see Figure 7B-6) may be used at unsignalized school crossings. If used at a school crossing, a 12 x 4-inch SCHOOL (S4-3P) plaque (see Figure 7B-6) may be mounted above the sign. The STATE LAW legend on the R1-6 series signs may be omitted. Figure 7B-6 In-Street Signs in School Areas
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The Overhead Pedestrian Crossing (R1-9 or R1-9a) sign (see Section 2B.12 and Figure 2B-2) may be modified to replace the standard pedestrian symbol with the standard schoolchildren symbol and may be used at unsignalized school crossings. The STATE LAW legend on the R1-9 series signs may be omitted. 06 A 12-inch reduced size in-street School (S1-1) sign (see Figure 7B-6) may be used at an unsignalized school crossing instead of the In-Street Pedestrian Crossing (R1-6 or R1-6a) or the 05
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In-Street Schoolchildren Crossing (R1-6b or R1-6c) sign. A 12 x 6-inch reduced size diagonal downward pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque may be mounted below the reduced size in-street School (S1-1) sign. Standard: 07 If an In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign, an In-Street Schoolchildren Crossing sign, or a reduced size in-street School (S1-1) sign is placed in the roadway, the sign support shall comply with the mounting height and special mounting support requirements for In-Street Pedestrian Crossing (R1-6 or R1-6a) signs (see Section 2B.12). 08 The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign, the In-Street Schoolchildren Crossing sign, the Overhead Pedestrian Crossing sign, and the reduced size in-street School (S1-1) sign shall not be used at signalized locations. CHAPTER 4F. PEDESTRIAN HYBRID BEACONS Section 4F.01 Application of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons Support: 01 A pedestrian hybrid beacon is a special type of hybrid beacon used to warn and control traffic at an unsignalized location to assist pedestrians in crossing a street or highway at a marked crosswalk. Option: 02 A pedestrian hybrid beacon may be considered for installation to facilitate pedestrian crossings at a location that does not meet traffic signal warrants (see Chapter 4C), or at a location that meets traffic signal warrants under Sections 4C.05 and/or 4C.06 but a decision is made to not install a traffic control signal. Standard: 03 If used, pedestrian hybrid beacons shall be used in conjunction with signs (See Sections 2B.53, 2C.49, 2C.50 and 7B.12, as applicable) and pavement markings to warn and control traffic at locations where pedestrians enter or cross a street or highway. A pedestrian hybrid beacon shall only be installed at a marked crosswalk. Section 4F.02 Design of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons Standard: 01 Except as otherwise provided in this Section, a pedestrian hybrid beacon shall meet the provisions of Chapters 4D and 4E. 02 A pedestrian hybrid beacon face shall consist of three signal sections, with a CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indication centered below two horizontally aligned CIRCULAR RED signal indications (see Figure 4F-3). Figure 4F-3 Sequence for a Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon
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When an engineering study finds that installation of a pedestrian hybrid beacon is justified, then: A. At least two pedestrian hybrid beacon faces shall be installed for each approach of the major street, B. A stop line shall be installed for each approach to the crosswalk, C. A pedestrian signal head conforming to the provisions set forth in Chapter 4E shall be installed at each end of the marked crosswalk, and D. The pedestrian hybrid beacon shall be pedestrian actuated. Guidance: 04 When an engineering study finds that installation of a pedestrian hybrid beacon is justified, then: A. The pedestrian hybrid beacon should be installed at least 100 feet from side streets or driveways that are controlled by STOP or YIELD signs, B. Parking and other sight obstructions should be prohibited for at least 100 feet in advance of and at least 20 feet beyond the marked crosswalk, or site accommodations should be made through curb extensions or other techniques to provide adequate sight distance, C. The installation should include suitable standard signs and pavement markings, and D. If installed within a signal system, the pedestrian hybrid beacon should be coordinated. 03
On approaches having posted or statutory speed limits or 85th-percentile speeds in excess of 35 mph and on approaches having traffic or operating conditions that would tend to obscure visibility of roadside hybrid beacon face locations, both of the minimum of two pedestrian hybrid beacon faces should be installed over the roadway. 06 On multi-lane approaches having a posted or statutory speed limits or 85th-percentile speeds of 35 mph or less, either a pedestrian hybrid beacon face should be installed on each side of the approach (if a median of sufficient width exists) or at least one of the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces should be installed over the roadway. 07 A pedestrian hybrid beacon should comply with the signal face location provisions described in Sections 4D.11 through 4D.16. Standard: 08 A CROSSWALK STOP ON RED (symbolic circular red) (R10-23) sign (see Section 2B.53) shall be mounted adjacent to a pedestrian hybrid beacon face on each major street approach. If an overhead pedestrian hybrid beacon face is provided, the sign shall be mounted adjacent to the overhead signal face. Standard: 08 An appropriate warning sign shall be mounted adjacent to a pedestrian hybrid beacon face on each major street approach (see Sections 2C.49, 2C.50 or 7B.12, as applicable). Option: 08a A regulatory sign (R10-23a) may be mounted adjacent to a pedestrian hybrid beacon face on each major street (See Section 2B.53). Option: 09 A Pedestrian (A-2) warning sign (see Section 2C.50) with an AHEAD (W16-9P) supplemental plaque may be placed in advance of a pedestrian hybrid beacon. A warning beacon may be installed to supplement the W11-2 sign. Guidance: 05
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If a warning beacon supplements a W11-2 sign in advance of a pedestrian hybrid beacon, it should be programmed to flash only when the pedestrian hybrid beacon is not in the dark mode. Standard: 11 If a warning beacon is installed to supplement the W11-2 sign, the design and location of the warning beacon shall comply with the provisions of Sections 4L.01 and 4L.03. 10
Educational/Regulatory Signs under study or consideration by FHWA Research Group, Human Factors Team NCUTCD Research Committee Jim Schurbutt, PH.D Research Psychologist presentation at Research Committee June 9, 2016. Whichever sign shows the best comprehension by the study would become the R10-23a sign in Section 2B.53.
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Sign suggested for consideration by Texas Transportation Institute in PHB Study 2016 and MUTCD Team is shown below. Sign shown as R10-23a in FHWA interpretation letter to Delaware DOT and in A Technical Brief (FHWA Publication No: FHWA –HRT-16-039)
(R10-23a) C:NCUTCD/January 2017/Tom Heydel/17A-RW-01 Stop Here on Red R10-23 PHB’s revised 9-10-16, revised 9-17-16, revised 9-30-16, 10-16-16, revised 11-4-16, revised 11-10-16, updated 11-20-16, updated 12-15-16, revised 1-4-17
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