2004 Barley Crop Quality Report
B A R L E Y
2004 Crop Quality Report
North Dakota Barley Council 505 40th St. SW., Suite E Fargo, ND 58103 Phone: (701) 239-7200 Fax: (701) 239-7280 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.ndbarley.net
2 - 2004 Regional Barley Crop Quality Report
2004 Regional Barley Crop Quality Report North Dakota and Minnesota J.M. Barr and P.B. Schwarz - Department of Plant Sciences - North Dakota State University. Fargo, ND 58105
Introduction
Production and Varieties
This is the 26th annual Regional Crop Quality Report for Barley grown in North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota (Figure 1). The data in this report summarizes analytical information obtained from 304 barley samples collected at farms and elevators during the 2004 barley harvest. Sample collection was coordinated by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service, Fargo, ND. Grain quality evaluations were conducted by the Department of Plant Sciences at NDSU. Grade determinations were performed by the North Dakota Grain Inspection Service, Inc., Fargo, ND. Financial support was provided by the North Dakota Barley Council, Fargo, ND and the American Malting Barley Association, Inc. (AMBA), Milwaukee, WI.
The USDA (September 30, 2004) estimated 2004 barley production in North Dakota and Minnesota at 100 million bushels (2.2 million metric tons), a decrease of approximately 32 million bushels (0.7 million metric tons) from 2003 production. The decrease in production was the result of a reduction of both planted and harvested acreage. Planted acreage decreased 23% to 1.7 million acres and harvested acreage decreased 25% to 1.6 million acres. Average yield in North Dakota increased from 60 bushels/acre (bu/acre) to 62 bu/acre. In Minnesota, average yield decreased from 75 bu/acre to 70 bu/acre. According to the USDA/National and State Agricultural Statistics Services over 80% of barley acreage in the North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota survey region was seeded to six-rowed malting varieties (Figure 2). The six-rowed malting varieties include Robust, Lacey, Legacy, Drummond, Tradition and Excel. Robust was the most widely seeded six-rowed malting variety, accounting for 44.4% of the planted acreage. The continued decline of Robust is apparent when this number is compared to 59% and 56% in 2002 and 2003, respectively. The six-rowed barley varieties Lacey and Legacy accounted for 13.5% and 12.5% of the planted acreage, respectively. Two-rowed barley varieties are primarily seeded in the western crop reporting districts of North Dakota. The two-rowed barley in this region consists of both feed and malting varieties. The two-rowed malting varieties, Conlon and AC Metcalfe, accounted for 7.3% and 2.7% of the barley acreage, respectively.
Figure 1. Crop Reporting Districts (CRD) in North Dakota and Minnesota.
North Dakota
Minnesota
AC Metcalfe 2.7% Excel 1.8% Other 6.1%
Tradition 3.2% Haybet 3.4%
Robust 44.4%
Drummond 5.1% Conlon 7.3%
Figure 2. 2004 Regional Barley Variety Distribution (Percentage by Acreage)
Legacy 12.5% Lacey 13.5%
2004 Regional Barley Crop Quality Report - 3
Materials and Methods Samples weighing from one- to two-pounds each were collected during the 2004 barley harvest from all counties in North Dakota and selected counties in Minnesota. Samples were collected from farms and country elevators at the time of harvest. The objective was to collect a representative number of samples from each selected county within the survey region. The number of samples collected in each county was determined by the expected barley production for each county. Two- and six-rowed samples were differentiated based upon varietal identification by the grower or kernel morphology. Six-rowed barley samples (274) were collected in all crop reporting districts (CRD) of North Dakota and in the northwestern district of Minnesota (Figure 1). Two-rowed barley samples (30) were collected in six districts within North Dakota where significant amounts of two-rowed barley are produced. The total number of six- and two-rowed samples collected within each county is shown in Appendix 1. Upon receipt, the initial barley moisture content was recorded and samples in excess of 13.5% were allowed to air-dry prior to subsequent analyses. A small portion (50 grams) of each sample was then removed to prepare district composite samples for dockage and district grade estimates. Prior to further analysis, all samples were then cleaned on a Carter Dockage Tester.
Test weight, protein, kernel assortment, 1000 kernel weight and kernel color were determined for each of the 274 six-rowed and 30 two-rowed dockagefree samples. The values for district, state and regional averages represent the average of all individual sample results within their respective area. Separate district, state and regional averages were calculated for two- and six-rowed barley. District composite samples were submitted to the North Dakota Grain Inspection Service, Inc. for determination of grade. A portion of each district composite sample was cleaned for determination of dockage.
Crop Quality Test Weight The 2004 average test weight for the two-rowed barley crop was 49.1 pounds/bushel (lbs/bu) or 63.3 kilograms/hectoliter (kg/hl) (Table 1). Eighty percent of two-rowed samples had a test weight of 48.0 lbs/bu (61.8 kg/hl) or greater (Figure 3). The lowest two-rowed barley district average test weight of 48.3 lbs/bu (62.2 kg/hl) was observed in southwestern district (CRD-7) of North Dakota. The regional six-rowed barley crop exhibited an average test weight of 47.5 lbs/bu (61.1 kg/hl) (Table 2). Approximately 82% of the six-rowed barley samples
Table 1. 2004 North Dakota Two-Rowed Barley Crop Quality. State and Crop Reporting District (CRD) North Dakota CRD-1 CRD-2 CRD-7 CRD-4, 5 & 8
Dockage Moisture (%) Content (%)
Test Weight (lbs/bu) (kg/hl)
1000 Kernel Protein Weight (g)* Content (%)
Color Score**
Assortment*** % Plump %Thin
0.6 0.4 0.7 0.4
12.9 15.8 11.1 12.6
49.6 49.0 48.3 50.6
63.8 63.1 62.2 65.1
47.0 41.4 41.4 43.7
12.5 12.6 14.2 13.2
7 7 5 4
93.2 84.7 90.0 90.1
1.5 2.7 1.2 1.4
ND State Average 0.6
12.8
49.1
63.3
42.8
13.3
5
89.3
1.6
*1000 kernel weight was determined on every third sample collected. **The lower the color score the brighter the barley (scale 1 to10). ***% Plump: kernels retained on or above a 6/64 x 3/4 inch (2.4 x 19 mm) slotted sieve. % Thin: kernels passing through a 5/64 x 3/4 inch (2.0 x 19 mm) slotted sieve.
4 - 2004 Regional Barley Crop Quality Report
Six-Rowed Barley
Two-Rowed Barley
45.0 40.0 35.0
% of Crop
30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0
Figure 3. 2004 Regional Barley Test Weight Distribution.
10.0 5.0 0.0 49.9
Test Weight (Lbs/Bu)
Table 2. 2004 Regional Six-Rowed Barley Crop Quality. State and Crop Reporting District (CRD) North Dakota CRD-1 CRD-2 CRD-3 CRD-4 CRD-5 CRD-6 CRD-7 CRD-8 CRD-9
Dockage Moisture (%) Content (%)
Test Weight (lbs/bu) (kg/hl)
1000 Kernel Protein Weight (g)* Content (%)
Color Score**
Assortment*** % Plump %Thin
0.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5
14.8 14.8 14.4 12.6 13.6 13.5 12.6 12.6 13.8
47.8 47.4 47.6 46.2 47.7 47.8 47.5 47.6 47.7
61.5 61.0 61.3 59.4 61.4 61.5 61.2 61.2 61.4
37.3 36.4 36.3 33.0 34.8 36.6 34.6 33.8 36.2
12.7 12.5 12.3 13.8 12.5 12.7 15.1 13.3 12.6
7 8 8 4 7 7 4 4 7
86.3 84.4 84.3 60.6 77.4 83.7 72.2 66.2 79.0
2.1 2.4 2.2 4.4 3.5 2.7 2.1 3.8 3.3
ND State Average 0.4
14.0
47.5
61.1
35.8
12.7
7
79.6
2.8
Minnesota CRD-1
0.7
15.7
47.5
61.1
38.9
11.6
7
86.5
1.7
MN State Average 0.7
15.7
47.5
61.1
38.9
11.6
7
86.5
1.7
Regional Average 0.4
14.2
47.5
61.1
36.2
12.6
7
80.4
2.7
*1000 kernel weight was determined on every third sample collected. **The lower the color score the brighter the barley (scale 1 to10). ***% Plump: kernels retained on or above a 6/64 x 3/4 inch (2.4 x 19 mm) slotted sieve. % Thin: kernels passing through a 5/64 x 3/4 inch (2.0 x 19 mm) slotted sieve.
2004 Regional Barley Crop Quality Report - 5
collected in 2004 exhibited test weights of 46.0 lbs/bu (59.2 kg/hl) or greater (Figure 3).
Protein Protein levels in the 2004 two-rowed barley crop ranged from a low of 9.7% to a high of 17.7%. The average protein content in the two-rowed barley crop was 13.3% (Table 1). The average protein for the 2004 six-rowed barley crop was 12.6% (Table 2). Approximately 81% of six-rowed samples tested below 13.6% protein, compared to 77% in 2003 (Figure 4). The lowest average six-rowed barley protein levels were in the northwestern district of Minnesota (11.6%) and northeastern district of North Dakota (CRD-3) (12.3%). Protein levels were highest in the southwestern (CRD-7) (15.1%) and west central (CRD-4) (13.8%) districts of North Dakota.
Kernel Plumpness The average kernel plumpness for the 2004 barley two-rowed barley crop was 89.3% plump (Table 1). Approximately 83% of the two-rowed barley samples were in excess of 80% plump (Figure 5). The average kernel plumpness for the 2004 regional barley six-rowed barley crop was 80.4% (Table
2). Individual six-rowed barley samples ranged from 28.9% to 95.6% plump. The northwestern district of Minnesota exhibited the highest district average kernel plumpness at 86.5% plump. Approximately 83% of the regional six-rowed barley samples exhibited kernel plumpness in excess of 70% (Figure 5).
1000 Kernel Weight The 2004 two-rowed barley crop displayed an average 1000 kernel weight of 42.8 grams (Table 1). The regional six-rowed barley average was 36.2 grams (Table 2). The northwestern district of Minnesota exhibited the highest six-rowed barley district average at 38.9 grams per 1000 kernels.
Color Color score is based on a scale of 1 to 10, with a lower score indicating brighter barley. The 2004 tworowed barley crop exhibited an average color score (brightness) of 5 (Table 1). The regional average color score for the 2004 six-rowed barley crop was 7 (Table 2). Drier growing conditions were observed in the southwestern quarter of North Dakota. These conditions were responsible for producing the brightest six-rowed barley, an average color score of 4, in North Dakota districts 4, 7 and 8.
Six-Rowed Barley
Two-Rowed Barley
40.0
35.0
30.0
% of Crop
Figure 4. 2004 Regional Barley Protein Distribution.
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
16.5
Grade grade. Separate composites were prepared for twoand six-rowed barley. As the two-rowed district composite samples were a mixture of malting and feed varieties, they were graded according to the requirements of two-rowed barley (Table 3). All 2004 two-
A portion of each sample collected within a district was blended to prepare district composite samples. These district composites were submitted to the federally-licensed North Dakota Grain Inspection Service, Inc. for determination of an average district
Six-Rowed Barley
Two-Rowed Barley
80.0
Figure 5. 2004 Regional Barley Kernel Plumpness Distribution.
70.0
% of Crop
60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 95.0 >95.0 >95.0 >95.0 >95.0 >95.0 >95.0 >95.0 >95.0
100.0 99.8 100.0 99.9 99.8 100.0 98.9 100.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0
3.0 3.0 1.6 2.0 2.2 3.7 2.2 2.3 2.9
1.2 1.8 1.9 2.1 3.0 2.1 1.2 3.0 2.2
U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 2 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley
State Average
47.9
61.7
>95.0
99.8
0.0
0.0
0.1
2.5
2.1
U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley
(An average of the CRD composites)
Minnesota CRD-1
48.5
62.4
>95.0
99.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
2.2
1.4
U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley
State Average
48.5
62.4
>95.0
99.3
0.7
0.0
0.1
2.2
1.4
U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley
99.8
0.1
0.0
0.1
2.5
2.0
U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley
(An average of the CRD composites)
Regional Average
47.9
61.7
>95.0
(An average of the CRD composites) *Injured-by-frost kernels and injured-by-mold kernels are not considered damaged kernels or considered against sound barley.
Table 7. Regional (North Dakota and Minnesota) Six-Rowed Barley Crop Quality Data, 2000-2004. Year
2004 2003 2002 2001 2000
Samples
Moisture Content (%)
274 266 243 270 391
14.2 12.4 13.8 12.3 12.8
Test Weight (lbs/bu) (kg/hl)
47.5 47.7 45.3 45.7 46.2
61.1 61.5 58.3 58.9 59.4
1000 Kernel Weight (g)*
Protein Content (%)
Color Score**
36.2 36.3 35.0 33.8 34.2
12.6 12.8 13.5 13.1 13.7
7 6 7 7 7
Kernel Assortment*** % Plump % Thin
80.4 76.5 75.9 73.7 69.3
2.7 3.5 3.6 3.4 5.9
*1000 kernel weight was determined on every third sample collected. **The lower the color score the brighter the barley (scale 1 to10). ***% Plump: kernels retained on or above a 6/64 x 3/4 inch (2.4 x 19 mm) slotted sieve. % Thin: kernels passing through a 5/64 x 3/4 inch (2.0 x 19 mm) slotted sieve.
2004 Regional Barley Crop Quality Report - 9
Methods Employed and Definition of Terms and Symbols NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY N.D. Agricultural Experiment Station • Department of Plant Sciences
TEST WEIGHT - Test weight was determined on dockage-free barley and was expressed in pounds per bushel. In the event sample moisture exceeded 13.5%, the sample was allowed to air-dry prior to test weight determination. MOISTURE - Moisture was expressed as a percentage of total weight and was determined with a Motomco Model 919ES Flowthrough Moisture Meter. PROTEIN - Percent total protein, calculated on a dry matter basis, was determined by measuring the thermal conductivity of nitrogen, following combustion of the sample, using a Leco Model FP-528 Nitrogen Determinator System. KERNEL ASSORTMENT - Barley (100 g) kernel assortment was determined by standard ASBC method Barley 2-B (Methods of Analysis of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 1992) using a Eureka-Niagara Sample Barley grader. 1000 KERNEL WEIGHT - 1000 kernel weight was determined by ASBC method Barley-2D (Methods of Analysis of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 1992) with an electronic kernel counter. COLOR - Color was determined by a modification of ASBC standard method, Barley-9 (Methods of Analysis of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 1992) using the L value obtained from a Pacific Scientific XL-800 Series Gardner Colorimeter with XL-845 circumferential sensor. The L-value was converted to a color score (1-10), with a score of 1 representing bright barley and a score of 10 representing dark or heavily stained barley.
Appendix 1. Barley Samples Collected by Type and Location. Location
Six-Rowed
Two-Rowed
North Dakota CRD 1 CRD 2 CRD 3 CRD 4 CRD 5 CRD 6 CRD 7 CRD 8 CRD 9
33 38 46 24 37 25 5 11 20
5 7 0 2 1 0 12 3 0
State Total
239
30
Minnesota CRD 1
35
0
State Total
35
0
Regional Total
274
30
Acknowledgements We wish to thank all of the members of the North Dakota National Agricultural Statistics Service involved with the collection of samples, as well as James Gillespie, Debra Hatzenbeller and Mark Hatzenbeller for assistance in sample preparation and analysis. The financial support of the North Dakota Barley Council and the American Malting Barley Association is gratefully acknowledged. Without this help and the excellent cooperation of the barley producers and country elevator operators this survey would not have been possible.
Conversions U.S. to Metric
Metric to U.S.
Quarts (QT) Wet x 0.946 = Liters (L) Dry x 1.101 = Liters
Liters (L)
Gallons (GAL) Wet x Wet x Dry x Dry x
Wet Dry Wet Dry
3.785 = Liters 0.038 = Hectoliters (HL) 4.404 = Liters 0.044 = Hectoliters
x x x x
1.057 = Quarts (QT) 0.908 = Quarts 0.264 = Gallons (GAL) 0.227 = Gallons
Bushels (BU) x 0.352 = Hectoliters
Hectoliter (HL) Wet x 26.418 = Gallons Dry x 22.700 = Gallons Dry x 2.838 = Bushels (BU)
Acres (A)
x 0.405 = Hectares (HA)
Hectares (HA)
Pounds (LB)
x 0.454 = Kilograms (KG)
Kilograms (KG) x
2.205 = Pounds (LB)
Miles (MI)
x 1.609 = Kilometers (KM)
Kilometers (KM) x
0.621 = Miles (MI)
LB/BU
x 1.287 = KG/HL
KG/HL
x
0.777 = LB/BU (Test Wt.)
BU/A
x 0.870 = HL/HA
HL/HA
x
1.149 = BU/A (Yield)
x
2.471 = Acres (A)
BU/A (Barley) x 0.054 = MT/HA
MT/HA (Barley) x 18.587 = BU/A
BU (Barley)
x 0.022 = MT
MT (Barley)
x 45.929 = BU
BU (Malt)
x 0.015 = MT
MT (Malt)
x 64.842 = BU
Standards Seeds/Pound
Malt Barley Wheat Corn Flax Oats Sorghum Rye Sunflower Soybeans
LB/BU
KG/BU
KG/HL
Range
Average
34 48 60 56 56 32 56 56 30 60
15.42 21.77 27.21 25.40 25.40 14.51 25.40 25.40 13.61 27.21
43.76 61.78 77.22 72.07 72.07 41.18 72.07 72.07 38.61 77.22
10,000–15,000 8,000–24,000 900– 1,500 65,000–120,000 11,000–17,000 10,000–21,000 10,000–21,000 4,500–8,000 2,500–3,500
13,000 16,000 1,200 80,000 14,000 20,000 18,000
North Dakota Barley Council 505 40th St. SW., Suite E Fargo, ND 58103
Non-Profit Org. U.S. Postage
PAID Fargo, ND Permit No. 1848
American Malting Barley Association 740 N. Plankinton Avenue, Suite 830 Milwaukee, WI 53203-2403 Phone: (414) 272-4640 Fax: (414) 272-4631 Contact: Scott Heisel, Vice President and Technical Director Email: [email protected] Internet: www.AMBAinc.org North Dakota Barley Council 505 40th St SW, Suite E Fargo, ND 58103 Phone: (701) 239-7200 Fax: (701) 239-7280 Contact: Steven Edwardson, Executive Administrator Email: [email protected] Internet: www.ndbarley.net North Dakota State University Department of Plant Sciences 166 Loftsgard Hall Fargo, ND 58105 Phone: (701) 231-7732 Contact: Dr. Paul Schwarz, Professor Email: [email protected] Contact: John Barr, Chemist Email: [email protected]
2004 Crop Quality Report
North Dakota Barley Council 505 40th St. SW., Suite E Fargo, ND 58103 Phone: (701) 239-7200 Fax: (701) 239-7280 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.ndbarley.net
2 - 2004 Regional Barley Crop Quality Report
2004 Regional Barley Crop Quality Report North Dakota and Minnesota J.M. Barr and P.B. Schwarz - Department of Plant Sciences - North Dakota State University. Fargo, ND 58105
Introduction
Production and Varieties
This is the 26th annual Regional Crop Quality Report for Barley grown in North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota (Figure 1). The data in this report summarizes analytical information obtained from 304 barley samples collected at farms and elevators during the 2004 barley harvest. Sample collection was coordinated by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service, Fargo, ND. Grain quality evaluations were conducted by the Department of Plant Sciences at NDSU. Grade determinations were performed by the North Dakota Grain Inspection Service, Inc., Fargo, ND. Financial support was provided by the North Dakota Barley Council, Fargo, ND and the American Malting Barley Association, Inc. (AMBA), Milwaukee, WI.
The USDA (September 30, 2004) estimated 2004 barley production in North Dakota and Minnesota at 100 million bushels (2.2 million metric tons), a decrease of approximately 32 million bushels (0.7 million metric tons) from 2003 production. The decrease in production was the result of a reduction of both planted and harvested acreage. Planted acreage decreased 23% to 1.7 million acres and harvested acreage decreased 25% to 1.6 million acres. Average yield in North Dakota increased from 60 bushels/acre (bu/acre) to 62 bu/acre. In Minnesota, average yield decreased from 75 bu/acre to 70 bu/acre. According to the USDA/National and State Agricultural Statistics Services over 80% of barley acreage in the North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota survey region was seeded to six-rowed malting varieties (Figure 2). The six-rowed malting varieties include Robust, Lacey, Legacy, Drummond, Tradition and Excel. Robust was the most widely seeded six-rowed malting variety, accounting for 44.4% of the planted acreage. The continued decline of Robust is apparent when this number is compared to 59% and 56% in 2002 and 2003, respectively. The six-rowed barley varieties Lacey and Legacy accounted for 13.5% and 12.5% of the planted acreage, respectively. Two-rowed barley varieties are primarily seeded in the western crop reporting districts of North Dakota. The two-rowed barley in this region consists of both feed and malting varieties. The two-rowed malting varieties, Conlon and AC Metcalfe, accounted for 7.3% and 2.7% of the barley acreage, respectively.
Figure 1. Crop Reporting Districts (CRD) in North Dakota and Minnesota.
North Dakota
Minnesota
AC Metcalfe 2.7% Excel 1.8% Other 6.1%
Tradition 3.2% Haybet 3.4%
Robust 44.4%
Drummond 5.1% Conlon 7.3%
Figure 2. 2004 Regional Barley Variety Distribution (Percentage by Acreage)
Legacy 12.5% Lacey 13.5%
2004 Regional Barley Crop Quality Report - 3
Materials and Methods Samples weighing from one- to two-pounds each were collected during the 2004 barley harvest from all counties in North Dakota and selected counties in Minnesota. Samples were collected from farms and country elevators at the time of harvest. The objective was to collect a representative number of samples from each selected county within the survey region. The number of samples collected in each county was determined by the expected barley production for each county. Two- and six-rowed samples were differentiated based upon varietal identification by the grower or kernel morphology. Six-rowed barley samples (274) were collected in all crop reporting districts (CRD) of North Dakota and in the northwestern district of Minnesota (Figure 1). Two-rowed barley samples (30) were collected in six districts within North Dakota where significant amounts of two-rowed barley are produced. The total number of six- and two-rowed samples collected within each county is shown in Appendix 1. Upon receipt, the initial barley moisture content was recorded and samples in excess of 13.5% were allowed to air-dry prior to subsequent analyses. A small portion (50 grams) of each sample was then removed to prepare district composite samples for dockage and district grade estimates. Prior to further analysis, all samples were then cleaned on a Carter Dockage Tester.
Test weight, protein, kernel assortment, 1000 kernel weight and kernel color were determined for each of the 274 six-rowed and 30 two-rowed dockagefree samples. The values for district, state and regional averages represent the average of all individual sample results within their respective area. Separate district, state and regional averages were calculated for two- and six-rowed barley. District composite samples were submitted to the North Dakota Grain Inspection Service, Inc. for determination of grade. A portion of each district composite sample was cleaned for determination of dockage.
Crop Quality Test Weight The 2004 average test weight for the two-rowed barley crop was 49.1 pounds/bushel (lbs/bu) or 63.3 kilograms/hectoliter (kg/hl) (Table 1). Eighty percent of two-rowed samples had a test weight of 48.0 lbs/bu (61.8 kg/hl) or greater (Figure 3). The lowest two-rowed barley district average test weight of 48.3 lbs/bu (62.2 kg/hl) was observed in southwestern district (CRD-7) of North Dakota. The regional six-rowed barley crop exhibited an average test weight of 47.5 lbs/bu (61.1 kg/hl) (Table 2). Approximately 82% of the six-rowed barley samples
Table 1. 2004 North Dakota Two-Rowed Barley Crop Quality. State and Crop Reporting District (CRD) North Dakota CRD-1 CRD-2 CRD-7 CRD-4, 5 & 8
Dockage Moisture (%) Content (%)
Test Weight (lbs/bu) (kg/hl)
1000 Kernel Protein Weight (g)* Content (%)
Color Score**
Assortment*** % Plump %Thin
0.6 0.4 0.7 0.4
12.9 15.8 11.1 12.6
49.6 49.0 48.3 50.6
63.8 63.1 62.2 65.1
47.0 41.4 41.4 43.7
12.5 12.6 14.2 13.2
7 7 5 4
93.2 84.7 90.0 90.1
1.5 2.7 1.2 1.4
ND State Average 0.6
12.8
49.1
63.3
42.8
13.3
5
89.3
1.6
*1000 kernel weight was determined on every third sample collected. **The lower the color score the brighter the barley (scale 1 to10). ***% Plump: kernels retained on or above a 6/64 x 3/4 inch (2.4 x 19 mm) slotted sieve. % Thin: kernels passing through a 5/64 x 3/4 inch (2.0 x 19 mm) slotted sieve.
4 - 2004 Regional Barley Crop Quality Report
Six-Rowed Barley
Two-Rowed Barley
45.0 40.0 35.0
% of Crop
30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0
Figure 3. 2004 Regional Barley Test Weight Distribution.
10.0 5.0 0.0 49.9
Test Weight (Lbs/Bu)
Table 2. 2004 Regional Six-Rowed Barley Crop Quality. State and Crop Reporting District (CRD) North Dakota CRD-1 CRD-2 CRD-3 CRD-4 CRD-5 CRD-6 CRD-7 CRD-8 CRD-9
Dockage Moisture (%) Content (%)
Test Weight (lbs/bu) (kg/hl)
1000 Kernel Protein Weight (g)* Content (%)
Color Score**
Assortment*** % Plump %Thin
0.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5
14.8 14.8 14.4 12.6 13.6 13.5 12.6 12.6 13.8
47.8 47.4 47.6 46.2 47.7 47.8 47.5 47.6 47.7
61.5 61.0 61.3 59.4 61.4 61.5 61.2 61.2 61.4
37.3 36.4 36.3 33.0 34.8 36.6 34.6 33.8 36.2
12.7 12.5 12.3 13.8 12.5 12.7 15.1 13.3 12.6
7 8 8 4 7 7 4 4 7
86.3 84.4 84.3 60.6 77.4 83.7 72.2 66.2 79.0
2.1 2.4 2.2 4.4 3.5 2.7 2.1 3.8 3.3
ND State Average 0.4
14.0
47.5
61.1
35.8
12.7
7
79.6
2.8
Minnesota CRD-1
0.7
15.7
47.5
61.1
38.9
11.6
7
86.5
1.7
MN State Average 0.7
15.7
47.5
61.1
38.9
11.6
7
86.5
1.7
Regional Average 0.4
14.2
47.5
61.1
36.2
12.6
7
80.4
2.7
*1000 kernel weight was determined on every third sample collected. **The lower the color score the brighter the barley (scale 1 to10). ***% Plump: kernels retained on or above a 6/64 x 3/4 inch (2.4 x 19 mm) slotted sieve. % Thin: kernels passing through a 5/64 x 3/4 inch (2.0 x 19 mm) slotted sieve.
2004 Regional Barley Crop Quality Report - 5
collected in 2004 exhibited test weights of 46.0 lbs/bu (59.2 kg/hl) or greater (Figure 3).
Protein Protein levels in the 2004 two-rowed barley crop ranged from a low of 9.7% to a high of 17.7%. The average protein content in the two-rowed barley crop was 13.3% (Table 1). The average protein for the 2004 six-rowed barley crop was 12.6% (Table 2). Approximately 81% of six-rowed samples tested below 13.6% protein, compared to 77% in 2003 (Figure 4). The lowest average six-rowed barley protein levels were in the northwestern district of Minnesota (11.6%) and northeastern district of North Dakota (CRD-3) (12.3%). Protein levels were highest in the southwestern (CRD-7) (15.1%) and west central (CRD-4) (13.8%) districts of North Dakota.
Kernel Plumpness The average kernel plumpness for the 2004 barley two-rowed barley crop was 89.3% plump (Table 1). Approximately 83% of the two-rowed barley samples were in excess of 80% plump (Figure 5). The average kernel plumpness for the 2004 regional barley six-rowed barley crop was 80.4% (Table
2). Individual six-rowed barley samples ranged from 28.9% to 95.6% plump. The northwestern district of Minnesota exhibited the highest district average kernel plumpness at 86.5% plump. Approximately 83% of the regional six-rowed barley samples exhibited kernel plumpness in excess of 70% (Figure 5).
1000 Kernel Weight The 2004 two-rowed barley crop displayed an average 1000 kernel weight of 42.8 grams (Table 1). The regional six-rowed barley average was 36.2 grams (Table 2). The northwestern district of Minnesota exhibited the highest six-rowed barley district average at 38.9 grams per 1000 kernels.
Color Color score is based on a scale of 1 to 10, with a lower score indicating brighter barley. The 2004 tworowed barley crop exhibited an average color score (brightness) of 5 (Table 1). The regional average color score for the 2004 six-rowed barley crop was 7 (Table 2). Drier growing conditions were observed in the southwestern quarter of North Dakota. These conditions were responsible for producing the brightest six-rowed barley, an average color score of 4, in North Dakota districts 4, 7 and 8.
Six-Rowed Barley
Two-Rowed Barley
40.0
35.0
30.0
% of Crop
Figure 4. 2004 Regional Barley Protein Distribution.
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
16.5
Grade grade. Separate composites were prepared for twoand six-rowed barley. As the two-rowed district composite samples were a mixture of malting and feed varieties, they were graded according to the requirements of two-rowed barley (Table 3). All 2004 two-
A portion of each sample collected within a district was blended to prepare district composite samples. These district composites were submitted to the federally-licensed North Dakota Grain Inspection Service, Inc. for determination of an average district
Six-Rowed Barley
Two-Rowed Barley
80.0
Figure 5. 2004 Regional Barley Kernel Plumpness Distribution.
70.0
% of Crop
60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 95.0 >95.0 >95.0 >95.0 >95.0 >95.0 >95.0 >95.0 >95.0
100.0 99.8 100.0 99.9 99.8 100.0 98.9 100.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0
3.0 3.0 1.6 2.0 2.2 3.7 2.2 2.3 2.9
1.2 1.8 1.9 2.1 3.0 2.1 1.2 3.0 2.2
U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 2 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley
State Average
47.9
61.7
>95.0
99.8
0.0
0.0
0.1
2.5
2.1
U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley
(An average of the CRD composites)
Minnesota CRD-1
48.5
62.4
>95.0
99.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
2.2
1.4
U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley
State Average
48.5
62.4
>95.0
99.3
0.7
0.0
0.1
2.2
1.4
U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley
99.8
0.1
0.0
0.1
2.5
2.0
U.S. No. 1 Six-Rowed Malting Barley
(An average of the CRD composites)
Regional Average
47.9
61.7
>95.0
(An average of the CRD composites) *Injured-by-frost kernels and injured-by-mold kernels are not considered damaged kernels or considered against sound barley.
Table 7. Regional (North Dakota and Minnesota) Six-Rowed Barley Crop Quality Data, 2000-2004. Year
2004 2003 2002 2001 2000
Samples
Moisture Content (%)
274 266 243 270 391
14.2 12.4 13.8 12.3 12.8
Test Weight (lbs/bu) (kg/hl)
47.5 47.7 45.3 45.7 46.2
61.1 61.5 58.3 58.9 59.4
1000 Kernel Weight (g)*
Protein Content (%)
Color Score**
36.2 36.3 35.0 33.8 34.2
12.6 12.8 13.5 13.1 13.7
7 6 7 7 7
Kernel Assortment*** % Plump % Thin
80.4 76.5 75.9 73.7 69.3
2.7 3.5 3.6 3.4 5.9
*1000 kernel weight was determined on every third sample collected. **The lower the color score the brighter the barley (scale 1 to10). ***% Plump: kernels retained on or above a 6/64 x 3/4 inch (2.4 x 19 mm) slotted sieve. % Thin: kernels passing through a 5/64 x 3/4 inch (2.0 x 19 mm) slotted sieve.
2004 Regional Barley Crop Quality Report - 9
Methods Employed and Definition of Terms and Symbols NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY N.D. Agricultural Experiment Station • Department of Plant Sciences
TEST WEIGHT - Test weight was determined on dockage-free barley and was expressed in pounds per bushel. In the event sample moisture exceeded 13.5%, the sample was allowed to air-dry prior to test weight determination. MOISTURE - Moisture was expressed as a percentage of total weight and was determined with a Motomco Model 919ES Flowthrough Moisture Meter. PROTEIN - Percent total protein, calculated on a dry matter basis, was determined by measuring the thermal conductivity of nitrogen, following combustion of the sample, using a Leco Model FP-528 Nitrogen Determinator System. KERNEL ASSORTMENT - Barley (100 g) kernel assortment was determined by standard ASBC method Barley 2-B (Methods of Analysis of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 1992) using a Eureka-Niagara Sample Barley grader. 1000 KERNEL WEIGHT - 1000 kernel weight was determined by ASBC method Barley-2D (Methods of Analysis of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 1992) with an electronic kernel counter. COLOR - Color was determined by a modification of ASBC standard method, Barley-9 (Methods of Analysis of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 1992) using the L value obtained from a Pacific Scientific XL-800 Series Gardner Colorimeter with XL-845 circumferential sensor. The L-value was converted to a color score (1-10), with a score of 1 representing bright barley and a score of 10 representing dark or heavily stained barley.
Appendix 1. Barley Samples Collected by Type and Location. Location
Six-Rowed
Two-Rowed
North Dakota CRD 1 CRD 2 CRD 3 CRD 4 CRD 5 CRD 6 CRD 7 CRD 8 CRD 9
33 38 46 24 37 25 5 11 20
5 7 0 2 1 0 12 3 0
State Total
239
30
Minnesota CRD 1
35
0
State Total
35
0
Regional Total
274
30
Acknowledgements We wish to thank all of the members of the North Dakota National Agricultural Statistics Service involved with the collection of samples, as well as James Gillespie, Debra Hatzenbeller and Mark Hatzenbeller for assistance in sample preparation and analysis. The financial support of the North Dakota Barley Council and the American Malting Barley Association is gratefully acknowledged. Without this help and the excellent cooperation of the barley producers and country elevator operators this survey would not have been possible.
Conversions U.S. to Metric
Metric to U.S.
Quarts (QT) Wet x 0.946 = Liters (L) Dry x 1.101 = Liters
Liters (L)
Gallons (GAL) Wet x Wet x Dry x Dry x
Wet Dry Wet Dry
3.785 = Liters 0.038 = Hectoliters (HL) 4.404 = Liters 0.044 = Hectoliters
x x x x
1.057 = Quarts (QT) 0.908 = Quarts 0.264 = Gallons (GAL) 0.227 = Gallons
Bushels (BU) x 0.352 = Hectoliters
Hectoliter (HL) Wet x 26.418 = Gallons Dry x 22.700 = Gallons Dry x 2.838 = Bushels (BU)
Acres (A)
x 0.405 = Hectares (HA)
Hectares (HA)
Pounds (LB)
x 0.454 = Kilograms (KG)
Kilograms (KG) x
2.205 = Pounds (LB)
Miles (MI)
x 1.609 = Kilometers (KM)
Kilometers (KM) x
0.621 = Miles (MI)
LB/BU
x 1.287 = KG/HL
KG/HL
x
0.777 = LB/BU (Test Wt.)
BU/A
x 0.870 = HL/HA
HL/HA
x
1.149 = BU/A (Yield)
x
2.471 = Acres (A)
BU/A (Barley) x 0.054 = MT/HA
MT/HA (Barley) x 18.587 = BU/A
BU (Barley)
x 0.022 = MT
MT (Barley)
x 45.929 = BU
BU (Malt)
x 0.015 = MT
MT (Malt)
x 64.842 = BU
Standards Seeds/Pound
Malt Barley Wheat Corn Flax Oats Sorghum Rye Sunflower Soybeans
LB/BU
KG/BU
KG/HL
Range
Average
34 48 60 56 56 32 56 56 30 60
15.42 21.77 27.21 25.40 25.40 14.51 25.40 25.40 13.61 27.21
43.76 61.78 77.22 72.07 72.07 41.18 72.07 72.07 38.61 77.22
10,000–15,000 8,000–24,000 900– 1,500 65,000–120,000 11,000–17,000 10,000–21,000 10,000–21,000 4,500–8,000 2,500–3,500
13,000 16,000 1,200 80,000 14,000 20,000 18,000
North Dakota Barley Council 505 40th St. SW., Suite E Fargo, ND 58103
Non-Profit Org. U.S. Postage
PAID Fargo, ND Permit No. 1848
American Malting Barley Association 740 N. Plankinton Avenue, Suite 830 Milwaukee, WI 53203-2403 Phone: (414) 272-4640 Fax: (414) 272-4631 Contact: Scott Heisel, Vice President and Technical Director Email: [email protected] Internet: www.AMBAinc.org North Dakota Barley Council 505 40th St SW, Suite E Fargo, ND 58103 Phone: (701) 239-7200 Fax: (701) 239-7280 Contact: Steven Edwardson, Executive Administrator Email: [email protected] Internet: www.ndbarley.net North Dakota State University Department of Plant Sciences 166 Loftsgard Hall Fargo, ND 58105 Phone: (701) 231-7732 Contact: Dr. Paul Schwarz, Professor Email: [email protected] Contact: John Barr, Chemist Email: [email protected]
