2011 Cotton Variety Report
Texas Panhandle Cotton Variety Trials - 2011 Dr. Brent Bean, Extension Agronomist, Amarillo Dr. Mark Kelley, Extension Agronomist – Cotton, Lubbock Mr. Jake Becker, AgriLife Research Assistant, Amarillo Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center Amarillo, TX Introduction Planted cotton acres were up in the Texas Panhandle in 2011. It is anticipated that acres will increase significantly in 2012. Severe drought and heat in 2011 caused many irrigated producers to abandon corn acres and concentrate their water on cotton. Heat units accumulated during the growing season were well above the long term average, which likely favored some of the longer maturing cotton varieties. It is important that growers consider the regions historical weather conditions when choosing a variety. In addition, growers should review variety trials conducted at multiple locations and over multiple years before choosing varieties for their farm. The objective of this study was to compare yield, commercial gin turnout, and fiber quality of varieties under Texas panhandle conditions. Materials and Methods Four replicated large strip plot variety trials were initiated in May of 2011 in producer fields. All four trials were harvested, All trials were conducted in cooperation with producers using their specific farming practices. All of the varieties tested contained the Roundup Ready Flex trait. Following harvest at each trial, samples were collected and ginned at the Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center near Lubbock, TX to determine gin turnout. Lint samples were submitted to the Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute at Texas Tech University for HVI analysis and Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) loan values were determined for each variety by plot. Seed and technology costs were calculated using the appropriate seeding rate and row spacing using the online Plains Cotton Growers Seed Cost Comparison Worksheet. The trials were located in Moore, Carson, Sherman, and Ochiltree counties. Each trial was grown under center pivot irrigation. Row spacing was 30-inches at all locations. Individual plots were approximately 600 to 800 ft in length, and consisted of 6 or 8 rows depending on location. Harvest was achieved with a John Deere 7460 or 7450 stripper with field cleaner. Bur cotton weight from each plot was determined with a weigh wagon with integral electronic scales. Plot weights were then converted to lb/acre. Bur samples were collected from each plot for ginning and fiber analysis. The specific cultural practices utilized at each site are listed below:
Moore County Cooperator: Experimental design: Seeding rate: Plot Size: Planting date: Rainfall/irrigation:
Herbicides:
Insecticides: Fertilizer: Plant growth regulators: Harvest aids:
Ford Farm, located approximately 15 miles southwest of Dumas. Randomized complete block with 3 replications 72,000 seeds/acre 8 rows by approximately 600 ft (0.28 acres) May 11th Approximately 2 inch of rainfall was accumulated during the growing season. Irrigation amount totaled 12 inches and was applied through a center pivot using a LESA system. Pre: Caparol+glyphosate, Post: Two applications of Assure II + glyphosate, One application of Dual+glyphosate, Two applications of glyphosate alone Two applications of acephate 100 lbs N + 50 lb P2O5 None Prep + Folex
Carson County Cooperator: Experimental design: Seeding rate: Plot size: Planting date: Rainfall/ irrigation:
Herbicides: Insecticides: Fertilizer: Plant growth regulators: Harvest aids:
Dudley Pohnert, near White Deere, TX Randomized complete block with 3 replications 3.2 seeds/row-ft in 30-inch row spacing (55,000 seeds/acre) 8 rows by approximately 600 ft May 16 Approximately 4.25 inches of rainfall was received during the growing season. Field was pre-irrigated and had excellent soil moisture at planting. Approximately 8.5 inches of irrigation was applied through a LESA center pivot. Roundup applied three times during the season. None 50 lb N + 35 lb P2O5 + 1 lb Zn None Prep
Sherman County Cooperator: Experimental design: Seeding rate: Plot size: Planting date: Herbicide:
Tommy Cartrite, near Sunray, TX Randomized complete block with 3 replications 3.15 seeds/row-ft in 30-inch row spacing (55,000 seed/acre) 8 rows approximately 600 ft in length May 6 Pre 2.5 pts Prowl H20. Post: Three applications of WeatherMax
Rainfall/irrigation: No significant rainfall. Irrigation – 2 inches preplant and 10 inches during the season Insecticides: Acephate Fertilizer: 50 lb N as anhydrous + 5 gal 10-34-0 Plant growth regulators: None Harvest aids: Prep + Def
Ochiltree County Cooperator: Experimental design: Seeding rate: Plot size: Planting date: Herbicide: Rainfall/irrigation: Insecticides: Fertilizer: Plant growth regulators: Harvest aids:
Roger Davis near Perryton TX Randomized complete block with 3 replications 60,000 seed/acre Six 30-inch rows approximately 800 ft in length May 7 Pre 2.5 pts Prowl H20. Post: Three applications of WeatherMax No significant rainfall during the season. Six inches of irrigation through center pivot (LESA) Acephate 50 lb N as 32-0-0 Stance None Results and Discussion
Moore County Lint turnout was generally good ranging from a low of 32.6% to a high of 37.2% with FiberMax 1740B2RF (Table 1). Average turnout was 35.3%. Lint loan values averaged $0.5514/lb, but three varieties NexGen 1551RF, Deltapine 0912B2RF and NexGen 2549B2RF were below $0.53/lb. When the net value of each variety was calculated (lint and seed value minus ginning and seed/tech costs) the top four varieties were Deltapine 1219B2RF, FiberMax 9103GT, PhytoGen 375WRF and PhytoGen367WRF. These top varieties ranged in net value from $742 to $668 per acre. The next three varieties in net value were All-Tex Dinero B2RF, NexGen 4010B2RFand FiberMax 2011GT, all with net values greater than $600 per acre. Micronaire values ranged from a low of 4.2 for Deltapine 1219B2RF to a high of 5.3 with Deltapine 0912B2RF (Table 2). Micronaire values averaged 4.7. Staple length averaged 35.0 across all varieties with a low of 32.6 for NexGen 2549B2RF to a high of 36.9 for FiberMax 9180B2F. Uniformity was similar with all varieties averaging 81.4%. Strength values averaged 28.7 g/tex with a high of 30.9 g/tex for FiberMax 9180B2RF and a low of 27.0 g/tex for PhytoGen 367WRF. Elongation averaged 7.7% and leaf grades averaged 1.2. Values for reflectance (Rd) and yellowness (+b) averaged 82.6 and 7.3, respectively.
Carson County Yields in this trial were greatly affected by a hail storm that occurred in mid-August. The field was adjusted at a 75% loss. Lint yields ranged from 639 lb/A to 523 lb/A with a test average of 591 lb/A (Table 3). Loan values, however, varied greatly ranging from $0.52/lb to $0.24/lb. Leaf grades of the lowest loan valued varieties were 7 (Table 4). This was likely due to poor defoliation of some varieties. No harvest aid was used in this trial. Net value per acre of varieties ranged from $301 to $140 for a difference of $161 (Table 3). In this trial, those varieties that were able withstand hail damage better, and had the lowest leaf grade value, had the highest net value per acre. If better defolation had been achieved then it would have been expected that leaf grade would have been much lower for all varieties. If a leaf value of 3 is set for all varieties, then very little difference in net value can be observed between varieties, ranging from $327 to $275 per acre. Because of hail damage and poor defoliation, care should be taken in interpreting the results of this trial. Sherman County Lint turnout of each variety was clustered around the mean of 36.3% with the exception of NexGen 2051B2RF with a turnout of only 31.4% (Table 5). When the net value of each variety was calculated (lint and seed value minus ginning and seed/tech costs) the top three varieties were NexGen 4010B2RF, Deltapine 1219B2RF and FiberMax 9058F with net values/A of $698, $672 and $647, respectively. These three varieties had the highest lint yields and also had some of the highest lint loan values. The next two varieties in net value were FiberMax 9180B2F and FiberMax 9103GT, with net values of $592/A. Lint loan values of all varieties ranged from $0.5648/lb to $0.4883/lb and averaged 0.5418/lb. Significant differences were observed among varieties for all HVI quality grade parameters with the exception of % uniformity (Table 6). Micronaire was generally above 4.5 units and ranged from 5.1 to 4.2. Staple averaged 34.2, uniformity averaged 80.8%, and strength averaged 29.2 g/tex. Percent elongation ranged from 8.7% to 5.9%. Leaf grade ranged from 4.3 (FiberMax 9101GT) to 1.7 (three varieties). Rd or reflectance averaged 81.4 and +b or yellowness averaged 8.2. Ochitree County Lint turnout ranged from 39.4% to 24.1% with a test average of 37% (Table 7). Lint yield ranged from 1,255 lb/A to 828 lb/A with a test average of 1,060 lb/A. The top yielding varieties also tended to have the highest lint loan values which averaged $0.559/lb. When the net value of each variety was calculated (lint and seed value minus ginning and seed/tech costs) the top five varieties were FiberMax 9058F ($788/A), Deltapine 1219B2RF ($742/A, NexGen 4010B2RF ($736/A), FiberMax 9180B2RF ($699) and PhytoGen 367WRF ($684/A). Micronaire was good with all varieties ranging from 3.8 to 4.8 units (Table 8). Staple averaged 36.9, uniformity averaged 82% and strength averaged 30.8 g/tex. Leaf grades varied from a high of 5.3 to a low of 1.3. Fiber yellowness was fairly consistent averaging 7.8 while color 1 varied from 3.0 to 1.7.
Summary and Conclusions The importance of variety selection was clearly evident at all four locations. Net value/A (lint plus seed value minus ginning and seed/technology costs) differed by as much as $252, $162 $226 and $289 at the Moore, Carson, Sherman and Ochiltree county sites, respectively, depending on the variety planted. When considering performance across locations, Deltapine 1219B2RF and NexGen 4010B2RF were the two top performing varieties in 2011. Heat unit accumulation in 2011 was much higher in the region compared to the long term average. This clearly influenced the results of the 2011 trials. Additional multi-site and multi-year applied research is needed to evaluate varieties and technology across a series of environments.
Acknowledgements The author thanks the following for their support: Cotton Incorporated Texas State Support Committee and Plains Cotton Growers-Plains Cotton Improvement Program for funding. Producer-cooperators: David and Adam Ford, Tommy Cartrite, Roger Davis and Dudley Pohnert Texas AgriLife Extension Agents: Marcel Fischbacher, Moore County Brad Easterling, Sherman County Jody Bradford, Carson County
Table 1. Harvest results from the 2011 Cotton Variety Trial, David Ford Farm, Southwest Moore County. Entry
Lint turnout
Seed turnout
------ % ------
Bur cotton yield
Lint yield
Seed yield
--------- lb/acre -----------
Lint loan value
Lint value
$/lb
--------------------------------- $/acre -------------------------------------
Seed value
Total value
Ginning Seed/tech. cost cost
Net value
Deltapine 1219B2RF FiberMax 9103GT PhytoGen 375WRF PhytoGen 367WRF All-Tex Dinero B2RF NexGen 4010B2RF FiberMax 2011GT FiberMax 9058F FiberMax 9180B2F NexGen 2549B2RF NexGen 2051B2RF Deltapine 0912B2RF FiberMax 1740B2F NexGen 1551RF Deltapine 104B2RF
37.0 35.9 36.8 38.7 34.9 34.0 36.2 35.0 33.0 34.9 33.9 36.0 37.2 32.9 32.6
47.6 49.7 48.0 46.7 50.3 50.8 48.6 50.2 51.3 49.6 51.4 48.7 48.2 52.7 52.5
3,367 3,090 3,144 3,065 3,018 3,050 2,783 2,746 2,773 2,857 2,693 2,782 2,611 2,585 2,566
1,247 1,109 1,158 1,187 1,052 1,038 1,006 961 916 997 914 1,002 971 851 836
1,604 1,537 1,509 1,432 1,518 1,548 1,353 1,378 1,424 1,418 1,384 1,356 1,259 1,361 1,348
0.5662 0.5645 0.5523 0.5445 0.5660 0.5647 0.5643 0.5598 0.5735 0.5155 0.5582 0.5210 0.5462 0.5232 0.5510
705.78 626.06 639.72 646.40 595.39 585.94 567.83 538.24 525.59 514.21 510.00 522.25 530.25 445.43 460.73
240.64 230.48 226.34 214.75 227.76 232.27 202.92 206.77 213.60 212.71 207.60 203.40 188.80 204.22 202.14
946.42 856.54 866.06 861.15 823.15 818.20 770.74 745.01 739.19 726.92 717.60 725.65 719.05 649.65 662.88
101.01 92.71 94.32 91.95 90.54 91.51 83.48 82.37 83.20 85.70 80.78 83.46 78.33 77.54 76.97
103.49 85.42 101.36 101.36 95.53 90.09 85.42 88.89 100.77 90.09 90.09 103.49 102.40 72.56 96.29
741.91 678.41 670.38 667.84 637.08 636.60 601.85 573.76 555.22 551.12 546.73 538.71 538.32 499.54 489.61
Test average
35.3
49.8
2,875
1,016
1,429
0.5514
560.92
214.29
775.21
86.26
93.82
595.14
CV, % 4.1 2.3 7.7 7.7 7.7 2.2 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.7 -9.0 OSL 0.0003
Moore County Cooperator: Experimental design: Seeding rate: Plot Size: Planting date: Rainfall/irrigation:
Herbicides:
Insecticides: Fertilizer: Plant growth regulators: Harvest aids:
Ford Farm, located approximately 15 miles southwest of Dumas. Randomized complete block with 3 replications 72,000 seeds/acre 8 rows by approximately 600 ft (0.28 acres) May 11th Approximately 2 inch of rainfall was accumulated during the growing season. Irrigation amount totaled 12 inches and was applied through a center pivot using a LESA system. Pre: Caparol+glyphosate, Post: Two applications of Assure II + glyphosate, One application of Dual+glyphosate, Two applications of glyphosate alone Two applications of acephate 100 lbs N + 50 lb P2O5 None Prep + Folex
Carson County Cooperator: Experimental design: Seeding rate: Plot size: Planting date: Rainfall/ irrigation:
Herbicides: Insecticides: Fertilizer: Plant growth regulators: Harvest aids:
Dudley Pohnert, near White Deere, TX Randomized complete block with 3 replications 3.2 seeds/row-ft in 30-inch row spacing (55,000 seeds/acre) 8 rows by approximately 600 ft May 16 Approximately 4.25 inches of rainfall was received during the growing season. Field was pre-irrigated and had excellent soil moisture at planting. Approximately 8.5 inches of irrigation was applied through a LESA center pivot. Roundup applied three times during the season. None 50 lb N + 35 lb P2O5 + 1 lb Zn None Prep
Sherman County Cooperator: Experimental design: Seeding rate: Plot size: Planting date: Herbicide:
Tommy Cartrite, near Sunray, TX Randomized complete block with 3 replications 3.15 seeds/row-ft in 30-inch row spacing (55,000 seed/acre) 8 rows approximately 600 ft in length May 6 Pre 2.5 pts Prowl H20. Post: Three applications of WeatherMax
Rainfall/irrigation: No significant rainfall. Irrigation – 2 inches preplant and 10 inches during the season Insecticides: Acephate Fertilizer: 50 lb N as anhydrous + 5 gal 10-34-0 Plant growth regulators: None Harvest aids: Prep + Def
Ochiltree County Cooperator: Experimental design: Seeding rate: Plot size: Planting date: Herbicide: Rainfall/irrigation: Insecticides: Fertilizer: Plant growth regulators: Harvest aids:
Roger Davis near Perryton TX Randomized complete block with 3 replications 60,000 seed/acre Six 30-inch rows approximately 800 ft in length May 7 Pre 2.5 pts Prowl H20. Post: Three applications of WeatherMax No significant rainfall during the season. Six inches of irrigation through center pivot (LESA) Acephate 50 lb N as 32-0-0 Stance None Results and Discussion
Moore County Lint turnout was generally good ranging from a low of 32.6% to a high of 37.2% with FiberMax 1740B2RF (Table 1). Average turnout was 35.3%. Lint loan values averaged $0.5514/lb, but three varieties NexGen 1551RF, Deltapine 0912B2RF and NexGen 2549B2RF were below $0.53/lb. When the net value of each variety was calculated (lint and seed value minus ginning and seed/tech costs) the top four varieties were Deltapine 1219B2RF, FiberMax 9103GT, PhytoGen 375WRF and PhytoGen367WRF. These top varieties ranged in net value from $742 to $668 per acre. The next three varieties in net value were All-Tex Dinero B2RF, NexGen 4010B2RFand FiberMax 2011GT, all with net values greater than $600 per acre. Micronaire values ranged from a low of 4.2 for Deltapine 1219B2RF to a high of 5.3 with Deltapine 0912B2RF (Table 2). Micronaire values averaged 4.7. Staple length averaged 35.0 across all varieties with a low of 32.6 for NexGen 2549B2RF to a high of 36.9 for FiberMax 9180B2F. Uniformity was similar with all varieties averaging 81.4%. Strength values averaged 28.7 g/tex with a high of 30.9 g/tex for FiberMax 9180B2RF and a low of 27.0 g/tex for PhytoGen 367WRF. Elongation averaged 7.7% and leaf grades averaged 1.2. Values for reflectance (Rd) and yellowness (+b) averaged 82.6 and 7.3, respectively.
Carson County Yields in this trial were greatly affected by a hail storm that occurred in mid-August. The field was adjusted at a 75% loss. Lint yields ranged from 639 lb/A to 523 lb/A with a test average of 591 lb/A (Table 3). Loan values, however, varied greatly ranging from $0.52/lb to $0.24/lb. Leaf grades of the lowest loan valued varieties were 7 (Table 4). This was likely due to poor defoliation of some varieties. No harvest aid was used in this trial. Net value per acre of varieties ranged from $301 to $140 for a difference of $161 (Table 3). In this trial, those varieties that were able withstand hail damage better, and had the lowest leaf grade value, had the highest net value per acre. If better defolation had been achieved then it would have been expected that leaf grade would have been much lower for all varieties. If a leaf value of 3 is set for all varieties, then very little difference in net value can be observed between varieties, ranging from $327 to $275 per acre. Because of hail damage and poor defoliation, care should be taken in interpreting the results of this trial. Sherman County Lint turnout of each variety was clustered around the mean of 36.3% with the exception of NexGen 2051B2RF with a turnout of only 31.4% (Table 5). When the net value of each variety was calculated (lint and seed value minus ginning and seed/tech costs) the top three varieties were NexGen 4010B2RF, Deltapine 1219B2RF and FiberMax 9058F with net values/A of $698, $672 and $647, respectively. These three varieties had the highest lint yields and also had some of the highest lint loan values. The next two varieties in net value were FiberMax 9180B2F and FiberMax 9103GT, with net values of $592/A. Lint loan values of all varieties ranged from $0.5648/lb to $0.4883/lb and averaged 0.5418/lb. Significant differences were observed among varieties for all HVI quality grade parameters with the exception of % uniformity (Table 6). Micronaire was generally above 4.5 units and ranged from 5.1 to 4.2. Staple averaged 34.2, uniformity averaged 80.8%, and strength averaged 29.2 g/tex. Percent elongation ranged from 8.7% to 5.9%. Leaf grade ranged from 4.3 (FiberMax 9101GT) to 1.7 (three varieties). Rd or reflectance averaged 81.4 and +b or yellowness averaged 8.2. Ochitree County Lint turnout ranged from 39.4% to 24.1% with a test average of 37% (Table 7). Lint yield ranged from 1,255 lb/A to 828 lb/A with a test average of 1,060 lb/A. The top yielding varieties also tended to have the highest lint loan values which averaged $0.559/lb. When the net value of each variety was calculated (lint and seed value minus ginning and seed/tech costs) the top five varieties were FiberMax 9058F ($788/A), Deltapine 1219B2RF ($742/A, NexGen 4010B2RF ($736/A), FiberMax 9180B2RF ($699) and PhytoGen 367WRF ($684/A). Micronaire was good with all varieties ranging from 3.8 to 4.8 units (Table 8). Staple averaged 36.9, uniformity averaged 82% and strength averaged 30.8 g/tex. Leaf grades varied from a high of 5.3 to a low of 1.3. Fiber yellowness was fairly consistent averaging 7.8 while color 1 varied from 3.0 to 1.7.
Summary and Conclusions The importance of variety selection was clearly evident at all four locations. Net value/A (lint plus seed value minus ginning and seed/technology costs) differed by as much as $252, $162 $226 and $289 at the Moore, Carson, Sherman and Ochiltree county sites, respectively, depending on the variety planted. When considering performance across locations, Deltapine 1219B2RF and NexGen 4010B2RF were the two top performing varieties in 2011. Heat unit accumulation in 2011 was much higher in the region compared to the long term average. This clearly influenced the results of the 2011 trials. Additional multi-site and multi-year applied research is needed to evaluate varieties and technology across a series of environments.
Acknowledgements The author thanks the following for their support: Cotton Incorporated Texas State Support Committee and Plains Cotton Growers-Plains Cotton Improvement Program for funding. Producer-cooperators: David and Adam Ford, Tommy Cartrite, Roger Davis and Dudley Pohnert Texas AgriLife Extension Agents: Marcel Fischbacher, Moore County Brad Easterling, Sherman County Jody Bradford, Carson County
Table 1. Harvest results from the 2011 Cotton Variety Trial, David Ford Farm, Southwest Moore County. Entry
Lint turnout
Seed turnout
------ % ------
Bur cotton yield
Lint yield
Seed yield
--------- lb/acre -----------
Lint loan value
Lint value
$/lb
--------------------------------- $/acre -------------------------------------
Seed value
Total value
Ginning Seed/tech. cost cost
Net value
Deltapine 1219B2RF FiberMax 9103GT PhytoGen 375WRF PhytoGen 367WRF All-Tex Dinero B2RF NexGen 4010B2RF FiberMax 2011GT FiberMax 9058F FiberMax 9180B2F NexGen 2549B2RF NexGen 2051B2RF Deltapine 0912B2RF FiberMax 1740B2F NexGen 1551RF Deltapine 104B2RF
37.0 35.9 36.8 38.7 34.9 34.0 36.2 35.0 33.0 34.9 33.9 36.0 37.2 32.9 32.6
47.6 49.7 48.0 46.7 50.3 50.8 48.6 50.2 51.3 49.6 51.4 48.7 48.2 52.7 52.5
3,367 3,090 3,144 3,065 3,018 3,050 2,783 2,746 2,773 2,857 2,693 2,782 2,611 2,585 2,566
1,247 1,109 1,158 1,187 1,052 1,038 1,006 961 916 997 914 1,002 971 851 836
1,604 1,537 1,509 1,432 1,518 1,548 1,353 1,378 1,424 1,418 1,384 1,356 1,259 1,361 1,348
0.5662 0.5645 0.5523 0.5445 0.5660 0.5647 0.5643 0.5598 0.5735 0.5155 0.5582 0.5210 0.5462 0.5232 0.5510
705.78 626.06 639.72 646.40 595.39 585.94 567.83 538.24 525.59 514.21 510.00 522.25 530.25 445.43 460.73
240.64 230.48 226.34 214.75 227.76 232.27 202.92 206.77 213.60 212.71 207.60 203.40 188.80 204.22 202.14
946.42 856.54 866.06 861.15 823.15 818.20 770.74 745.01 739.19 726.92 717.60 725.65 719.05 649.65 662.88
101.01 92.71 94.32 91.95 90.54 91.51 83.48 82.37 83.20 85.70 80.78 83.46 78.33 77.54 76.97
103.49 85.42 101.36 101.36 95.53 90.09 85.42 88.89 100.77 90.09 90.09 103.49 102.40 72.56 96.29
741.91 678.41 670.38 667.84 637.08 636.60 601.85 573.76 555.22 551.12 546.73 538.71 538.32 499.54 489.61
Test average
35.3
49.8
2,875
1,016
1,429
0.5514
560.92
214.29
775.21
86.26
93.82
595.14
CV, % 4.1 2.3 7.7 7.7 7.7 2.2 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.7 -9.0 OSL 0.0003
