3.19.2015 SEPA Webinar Smart Grid Germany
Helping Utilities Make Smart Solar Decisions
Solar, Smart Grid & Distribution System Operations – A View from Germany
Webinar FAQs • Recording & slides will be sent to all registered attendees within two business days. • Submit questions in the chat window at any time. • Questions will be answered following the presentations. Helping Utilities Make Smart Solar Decisions
Upcoming Events Upcoming Webinar – April 9 at 2 PM, ET Solar & Utility Partnership Success: Low-Income Solar Case Study
Solar Integration Workshop – April 30
Learn more & register at wwww.solarelectricpower.org Helping Utilities Make Smart Solar Decisions
Speakers
Gerhard Walker Engineer Netze BW
Moderator: Bob Gibson VP, Education & Outreach SEPA Helping Utilities Make Smart Solar Decisions
Distribution System Operator as Enabler Managing fast growing Flexibilities while Maintaining Grid Stability
Gerhard Walker Technology Innovations
An EnBW Company
Who we are… The EnBW as Germanys only fully Integrated Utilities Company
Sales
Grids
› Brands such as EnBW and Yellow
› Subsidiaries TransnetBW and Netze BW
› B2C and B2B
› All voltage levels, transmission to distribution
Electricity sales in billions of kWh 51.1 Gas sales in billions of kWh 67.7 Customers in million 5.5 million Transaction Volume 9,569 million Adj. EBITDA in € million 227.1
Electricity grid lengths in km 155,000 Gas grid lengths in km 16,000 Revenue 5,708 million Adj. EBITDA in € million 961.8
Our Business Segments at a glance External Revenue 20,540 million and some 20.000 Employees
Renewables
Generation and Trading
› Hydro, Wind and Solar
› Fossil and Nuclear generation
› project development through to operation management
› Planning, building, operation and decommissioning
Installed capacity in MW 1,059 Generation in GWh 6,344 Revenue 369 million Adj. EBITDA in € million 216.4
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
Generation in GWh 51,744 Installed capacity in MW 12,653 Revenue 4,886 million Adj. EBITDA in € million 834.7
6
Who we are… The Netze BW, Baden-Württemberg’s largest DSO
Electricity
› Supply Points
Gas
› Supply Points
141.100
› Overall Grid Length ca. 103.600 km
› Overall Grid Length
4.800 km
› Power Distributed
ca. 48 TWh
› Concessions
100
› Concessions
620
ca. 3,0 Mio.
› Variable Energy Sources Installed Capacity
147.200 ca. 3.5 GW Ca. 3800
Employees
Water
Services
› Fresh Water Supplies
› Lightning
› Infrastructure and Planning
› Infrastructure › Telecommunications › District heating
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
7
Who we are… Same but Different, Unbundling in Germany
Market and Grid Segments
Market
Cooperate Unbundling
Generation / Trading
› Different buildings › Separate service contractors › Regulatory oversight on Interactions
Monopoly Transmission / Distribution
Vertical Integration Information Unbundling › Separate IT infrastructure
Market
Sales
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
› Restricted and transparent flow of information
8
Distribution System Operator as Enabler Managing fast growing Flexibilities while Maintaining Grid Stability
1. Major Energy Trends in Germany 2. Challenges for the DSO 3. Innovations at the DSO 4. Data and Data Acquisition 5. Innovative Grid Components 6. Managing Flexibilities 7. Smart Home, Smart Market, Smart GridConclusions
9
1. Major Energy Trends in Germany Nuclear Shutdown and Decentralized, Renewable Generation
Energy Mix EnBW 135,4 TWh 2014
Renewabl e 27%
Nuclear 32%
Fossil 41%
kW per km2 ≥ ≥ ≥
0,00 - < 5,00 (1103) 5,00 - < 10,00 (1023) 10,00 - < 20,00 (1458)
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
≥ 20,00 - < 50,00 (2543) ≥ 50,00 - < 100,00 (1492) ≥ 100,00 - < 2000,00 (619)
0-9 10 - 19 20 - 29
30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59
90 - 99
60 - 69 70 - 79 80 - 89
10
1. Major Energy Trends in Germany Shrinking Residual Loads and Loss of Ancillary Services
Residual Load
Privileged Renewables Reduction of residual load
Expensive Conventional Less base load forces conventional plants off line
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
Excessive Energy
Dynamic System Less rotating masses and more power electronics
Ancillary Services Increase in required ancillary services while less power plants online
11
1. Major Energy Trends in Germany
Price in [Cent/kWh]
Substitution of Primary Energy Sources by Electric Power
Compensation and Price of Electricity 60
The Prosumer
› Customer is increasingly independent
50
› Amount of energy acquired from the grid drops while maximum power rises
40 30
› Increasing volatility and strong correlation to external triggers, such as weather and holidays
20 10 0
› Problems with current models for grid fees PV-Compensation
Price of Electricity
First Grid Parity
Second Grid Parity
› Electricity is costs more than renewable compensation covers
› Renewable power competes with natural gas prices (~ 5ct/kWh)
› Optimization towards maximum self consumption
› Installation of heat pumps direct electric heating systems
Smart Home Systems Storage Units
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
12
1. Major Energy Trends in Germany New Players and Markets
Dynamic Pricing and Flexibilities
Virtual Power Plants
› Spot market price ranges from +300 Euro/MWh to -200 Euro/MWh
› Aggregation of flexibilities to reach market capable volume
› Sales increasingly interested in managing flexibilities to increase arbitrage on markets
› No representation of actual grid parameters › Open market allows for several, parallel players in one grid section
› Simultaneity factors on the rise
Smart Homes
Distribution System Operator
Consumer Flexibilities
› Interface to the customer
› Electric Vehicles
› Gets price signals of directly communicates with VPPs.
› Heating Systems
› Not part of the regulated system of the DSOs
› Renewable Generation
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
› Battery Storage
13
2. Challenges for the DSO Increasingly volatile load flow
Parameter
Implications
1
› Increased generation pushes components past their limits
Current
› Fluctuation direction of load flow through renewable generation poses challenges for the power system protection and management
2
› The distribution system was designed to compensate loads
Voltage
› Voltage compensation is increasingly difficult, as high load and high generation sections in a distribution grid distort voltage regulation capabilities by sub-stations
3
› Volatile generation makes balancing the grid an increasingly difficult task (TSO)
Frequency
› DSO expect an active role in Frequency control in the future through implementation of rules and regulations for generation and loads
4 Outage
› As a regulated company, DSOs receive financial punitive measures when e.g. outage times increase past certain levels › Faults in the distribution grids have to be identified and resolved quickly
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
14
3. Innovations at the DSO Technology and Innovations for the DSO of Tomorrow (1/2)
› Heading of all grid related innovation projects › Analysis of trends and developments in the energy sector and development of scenarios and cooperate directions › Identifying, testing, developing and evaluating of innovations › Strong interconnection with universities and industry partners › Political representation of the Netze BW on all topics surrounding grid innovations.
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
15
3. Innovations at the DSO Technology and Innovations for the DSO of Tomorrow (2/2)
Niederstetten
Decentralized intelligent power management Systems In-Line Voltage Regulator
Demand Side Management Prognosis and Smart Market
Boxberg
Communication Technologies
Freiamt
Demand Side Management with consumer clients
Grid Monitoring
Smart Grid Components
Electric Mobility Adaptable Distribution Transformers
Weinstadt
Integration of fast charging infrastructure and reactive power management systems
and Smart Stations Smart Meters and Grid Analysis
Solutions for high level solar power integration into low voltage grids
Sonderbuch
Intelligent (reactive) Power System Management
Energy Storage Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
16
4. Data and Data Acquisition What, When, Where?
Scope Analysis and Requirements Engineering
Development of a technical and organizational concept
Deployment of the concept into all subsidiaries
Metering Point Operator
Automated Processes
Real time consumption information
Optimized procurement of Energy
Demand and supply management
Smart Grid Management
Increased Efficiency
Platform for new products and services
PV-Unit
Smart Meter OS -Admin -Measure -Control
Smart Home Gas Meter
Smart Meter Control Unit
Communication
Roll-Out of smart meter and gate way devices
New Products and Services for consumer
Gateway
Heat Pump
Flow of Data
Increased knowledge and better options for control during grid operations Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
17
4. Data and Data Acquisition Communication
Sub-Stations
Distribution Transformers
Metering Points
Customers
Fiber-Optics Network
Broad Band Powerline In order to maintain cold start capabilities and eyes in the grid during 100% of the time, the infrastructure needs to be buffered for an extended period of time and highly reliable. Powerline repeater in a cable distribution cabinet
CDMA 450 Wireless
Siemens Powerline Smart Meters
Cellular Networks CDMA coverage tests for ROMI
Deployment of specialized communications infrastructure for varying purposes Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
18
5. Innovative Grid Components Smart Distribution Station, Foundation for Flexible Grids Measuring and Tele-Control Technologies
› ›
Current values for voltage, current, real and reactive power Communications interface to the grid control center for transmitting values and control commands
Fault detection and restoration of operational status
›
Directional short circuit and earth fault detection allows for easy and fast locating of faults.
›
Tele-Control contactors reduce down time in case of fault or operational switching.
Voltage regulator
›
Each Smart Distribution Station can accommodate an adaptable distribution transformer.
Increased knowledge and better options for control during grid operations Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
19
6. Managing Flexibilities Demand Side and Feed-In Management
AC
Electric Mobility DC AC
Feed-In Management Current Feed-In Management is a temporary solution. 100%-70%-30%-0% Steps
PV-Installations DC
Smart Meter
AC DC
Heatpump, AC, Storage Heaters, Water Heaters
Demand Side Management Improved integration of variable renewable generation (Load follows generation)
AC
Battery Storage DC Grid Modul
Unit Control Smart Home System
Smart Grid Monitoring to prevent overload situations and avert conventional grid improvements.
Flexible Non Flexible
House Hold
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
20
6. Managing Flexibilities The Grid Traffic Light
› Grid state estimation › Intelligent infrastructure › Feed-in management
Violation of grid limits
Red
Emergency measures with clear directives / direct intervention by the network operator. No “business as usual“
Smart Grid Smart Meter
grid limit
Closing in on grid limits DSO sets limits for sales
Yellow
Demand side management through signaling e.g. pricing Supplier Costumer or DNO Supplier
Smart Market
Stable grid conditions › Power procurement at optimal costs control energy › Virtual power plants
DSM by Supplier e.g. through pricing.
Green
No interference by the distribution network operator
Organization of the yellow light (§14a EnWG) uncertain. How do we consider both- the requests of regulated and non-regulated sector? grid reliability – accounting grid conformity – customer friendly / voluntary Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
21
6. Managing Flexibilities The Quota Model
N-1 Reserve
Grid limits for activating of flexibilities by sales
Boundary Conditions › Sales negotiate how to meet DSO‘s conditions
Transformer Capacity
based on their customer contracts › DSO supervises load activation by sales through load flow measurements at the Quota:
substations › Quota is determined by the DSO day ahead
E.g.60%
based on load and generation prognosis
Decentralized Generation
Load Flexibility
› Errors in the day ahead prognosis need to be compensated › Information needs to be made available to all energy sales companies
Load
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
› The DSO must limit sales in a nondiscriminatory manner
22
7. Smart Home, Smart Market, Smart Grid Interfacing the Smart Family
Direct Access to Smart Meter Systems during red phase Activation via direct command or pricing
Smart Grid (DSO) › Grid Monitoring › Generation of specific grid traffic light signals › Adapting of grid
topology
Smart Markets › Platform for managing capacities and flexibilities › Distribution of quotas between
› Intervention on red traffic light
participants in corresponding grid sections
Large Scale Participants Quota
Smart Meter
Smart Home
› Unified interface
› Manages in
for all
home
Transactions
flexibilities
› Power Plants
› Capability for
› Maintains limits
› Industries…
multi tariff
set by Smart
metering
Meter
Virtual Power Plant › Buys and sells capacities and flexibilities
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
23
7. Smart Home, Smart Market, Smart Grid The Wide Area Power Plant
Transmission System Operator
Distribution System Operator › Responsible for maintaining distribution grid stability (load flow and voltage)
› Responsible for grid stability › Manages ancillary services
Wide Area Power Plant
Smart Markets
› Process for managing all players
› Offer and sell ancillary services,
within a smart grid › Interfaces for flexibilities, ancillary
services and generation capacities
Supplies overview of available products
1. Aggregates all products 2. Generates Quotas for all grid segments and products including
flexibilities and generation capacities to TSO
› All Contracts registered with WAPP
Smart Meter Smart Home
Virtual Power Plant › Buys and sells capacities and flexibilities
overlay effects
Requests e.g. ancillary services
3. Offers TSO a bandwidth for activation
Large Scale Participants › Power Plants
› Industries… Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
24
8. Conclusion Next Steps Progresses takes place at the same time but at different speeds
› › › › ›
Addition of renewable generation Intelligent grid planning
Load management and smart markets Development of transmission grids Introduction of smart grid components
The solution to the problems occurs in two stages:
1. 2.
Technical issues will be solved utilizing a model kit system of available technologies. Load balancing will be achieved via supply management, demand side management, Power-2-Gas and energy storage systems….
The speed at which we can accomplish the „Energiewende“ will not be determined by how fast we can build new renewable generation sources, but by how fast the grid can adapt to the new challenges. Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
25
Thank you for your Attentions Questions?
Gerhard Walker › Contact Information E-Mail: Phone:
[email protected] +49 711 289 83203
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
26
Q&A
Gerhard Walker Engineer Netze BW
Helping Utilities Make Smart Solar Decisions
Solar, Smart Grid & Distribution System Operations – A View from Germany
Webinar FAQs • Recording & slides will be sent to all registered attendees within two business days. • Submit questions in the chat window at any time. • Questions will be answered following the presentations. Helping Utilities Make Smart Solar Decisions
Upcoming Events Upcoming Webinar – April 9 at 2 PM, ET Solar & Utility Partnership Success: Low-Income Solar Case Study
Solar Integration Workshop – April 30
Learn more & register at wwww.solarelectricpower.org Helping Utilities Make Smart Solar Decisions
Speakers
Gerhard Walker Engineer Netze BW
Moderator: Bob Gibson VP, Education & Outreach SEPA Helping Utilities Make Smart Solar Decisions
Distribution System Operator as Enabler Managing fast growing Flexibilities while Maintaining Grid Stability
Gerhard Walker Technology Innovations
An EnBW Company
Who we are… The EnBW as Germanys only fully Integrated Utilities Company
Sales
Grids
› Brands such as EnBW and Yellow
› Subsidiaries TransnetBW and Netze BW
› B2C and B2B
› All voltage levels, transmission to distribution
Electricity sales in billions of kWh 51.1 Gas sales in billions of kWh 67.7 Customers in million 5.5 million Transaction Volume 9,569 million Adj. EBITDA in € million 227.1
Electricity grid lengths in km 155,000 Gas grid lengths in km 16,000 Revenue 5,708 million Adj. EBITDA in € million 961.8
Our Business Segments at a glance External Revenue 20,540 million and some 20.000 Employees
Renewables
Generation and Trading
› Hydro, Wind and Solar
› Fossil and Nuclear generation
› project development through to operation management
› Planning, building, operation and decommissioning
Installed capacity in MW 1,059 Generation in GWh 6,344 Revenue 369 million Adj. EBITDA in € million 216.4
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
Generation in GWh 51,744 Installed capacity in MW 12,653 Revenue 4,886 million Adj. EBITDA in € million 834.7
6
Who we are… The Netze BW, Baden-Württemberg’s largest DSO
Electricity
› Supply Points
Gas
› Supply Points
141.100
› Overall Grid Length ca. 103.600 km
› Overall Grid Length
4.800 km
› Power Distributed
ca. 48 TWh
› Concessions
100
› Concessions
620
ca. 3,0 Mio.
› Variable Energy Sources Installed Capacity
147.200 ca. 3.5 GW Ca. 3800
Employees
Water
Services
› Fresh Water Supplies
› Lightning
› Infrastructure and Planning
› Infrastructure › Telecommunications › District heating
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
7
Who we are… Same but Different, Unbundling in Germany
Market and Grid Segments
Market
Cooperate Unbundling
Generation / Trading
› Different buildings › Separate service contractors › Regulatory oversight on Interactions
Monopoly Transmission / Distribution
Vertical Integration Information Unbundling › Separate IT infrastructure
Market
Sales
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
› Restricted and transparent flow of information
8
Distribution System Operator as Enabler Managing fast growing Flexibilities while Maintaining Grid Stability
1. Major Energy Trends in Germany 2. Challenges for the DSO 3. Innovations at the DSO 4. Data and Data Acquisition 5. Innovative Grid Components 6. Managing Flexibilities 7. Smart Home, Smart Market, Smart GridConclusions
9
1. Major Energy Trends in Germany Nuclear Shutdown and Decentralized, Renewable Generation
Energy Mix EnBW 135,4 TWh 2014
Renewabl e 27%
Nuclear 32%
Fossil 41%
kW per km2 ≥ ≥ ≥
0,00 - < 5,00 (1103) 5,00 - < 10,00 (1023) 10,00 - < 20,00 (1458)
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
≥ 20,00 - < 50,00 (2543) ≥ 50,00 - < 100,00 (1492) ≥ 100,00 - < 2000,00 (619)
0-9 10 - 19 20 - 29
30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59
90 - 99
60 - 69 70 - 79 80 - 89
10
1. Major Energy Trends in Germany Shrinking Residual Loads and Loss of Ancillary Services
Residual Load
Privileged Renewables Reduction of residual load
Expensive Conventional Less base load forces conventional plants off line
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
Excessive Energy
Dynamic System Less rotating masses and more power electronics
Ancillary Services Increase in required ancillary services while less power plants online
11
1. Major Energy Trends in Germany
Price in [Cent/kWh]
Substitution of Primary Energy Sources by Electric Power
Compensation and Price of Electricity 60
The Prosumer
› Customer is increasingly independent
50
› Amount of energy acquired from the grid drops while maximum power rises
40 30
› Increasing volatility and strong correlation to external triggers, such as weather and holidays
20 10 0
› Problems with current models for grid fees PV-Compensation
Price of Electricity
First Grid Parity
Second Grid Parity
› Electricity is costs more than renewable compensation covers
› Renewable power competes with natural gas prices (~ 5ct/kWh)
› Optimization towards maximum self consumption
› Installation of heat pumps direct electric heating systems
Smart Home Systems Storage Units
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
12
1. Major Energy Trends in Germany New Players and Markets
Dynamic Pricing and Flexibilities
Virtual Power Plants
› Spot market price ranges from +300 Euro/MWh to -200 Euro/MWh
› Aggregation of flexibilities to reach market capable volume
› Sales increasingly interested in managing flexibilities to increase arbitrage on markets
› No representation of actual grid parameters › Open market allows for several, parallel players in one grid section
› Simultaneity factors on the rise
Smart Homes
Distribution System Operator
Consumer Flexibilities
› Interface to the customer
› Electric Vehicles
› Gets price signals of directly communicates with VPPs.
› Heating Systems
› Not part of the regulated system of the DSOs
› Renewable Generation
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
› Battery Storage
13
2. Challenges for the DSO Increasingly volatile load flow
Parameter
Implications
1
› Increased generation pushes components past their limits
Current
› Fluctuation direction of load flow through renewable generation poses challenges for the power system protection and management
2
› The distribution system was designed to compensate loads
Voltage
› Voltage compensation is increasingly difficult, as high load and high generation sections in a distribution grid distort voltage regulation capabilities by sub-stations
3
› Volatile generation makes balancing the grid an increasingly difficult task (TSO)
Frequency
› DSO expect an active role in Frequency control in the future through implementation of rules and regulations for generation and loads
4 Outage
› As a regulated company, DSOs receive financial punitive measures when e.g. outage times increase past certain levels › Faults in the distribution grids have to be identified and resolved quickly
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
14
3. Innovations at the DSO Technology and Innovations for the DSO of Tomorrow (1/2)
› Heading of all grid related innovation projects › Analysis of trends and developments in the energy sector and development of scenarios and cooperate directions › Identifying, testing, developing and evaluating of innovations › Strong interconnection with universities and industry partners › Political representation of the Netze BW on all topics surrounding grid innovations.
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
15
3. Innovations at the DSO Technology and Innovations for the DSO of Tomorrow (2/2)
Niederstetten
Decentralized intelligent power management Systems In-Line Voltage Regulator
Demand Side Management Prognosis and Smart Market
Boxberg
Communication Technologies
Freiamt
Demand Side Management with consumer clients
Grid Monitoring
Smart Grid Components
Electric Mobility Adaptable Distribution Transformers
Weinstadt
Integration of fast charging infrastructure and reactive power management systems
and Smart Stations Smart Meters and Grid Analysis
Solutions for high level solar power integration into low voltage grids
Sonderbuch
Intelligent (reactive) Power System Management
Energy Storage Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
16
4. Data and Data Acquisition What, When, Where?
Scope Analysis and Requirements Engineering
Development of a technical and organizational concept
Deployment of the concept into all subsidiaries
Metering Point Operator
Automated Processes
Real time consumption information
Optimized procurement of Energy
Demand and supply management
Smart Grid Management
Increased Efficiency
Platform for new products and services
PV-Unit
Smart Meter OS -Admin -Measure -Control
Smart Home Gas Meter
Smart Meter Control Unit
Communication
Roll-Out of smart meter and gate way devices
New Products and Services for consumer
Gateway
Heat Pump
Flow of Data
Increased knowledge and better options for control during grid operations Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
17
4. Data and Data Acquisition Communication
Sub-Stations
Distribution Transformers
Metering Points
Customers
Fiber-Optics Network
Broad Band Powerline In order to maintain cold start capabilities and eyes in the grid during 100% of the time, the infrastructure needs to be buffered for an extended period of time and highly reliable. Powerline repeater in a cable distribution cabinet
CDMA 450 Wireless
Siemens Powerline Smart Meters
Cellular Networks CDMA coverage tests for ROMI
Deployment of specialized communications infrastructure for varying purposes Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
18
5. Innovative Grid Components Smart Distribution Station, Foundation for Flexible Grids Measuring and Tele-Control Technologies
› ›
Current values for voltage, current, real and reactive power Communications interface to the grid control center for transmitting values and control commands
Fault detection and restoration of operational status
›
Directional short circuit and earth fault detection allows for easy and fast locating of faults.
›
Tele-Control contactors reduce down time in case of fault or operational switching.
Voltage regulator
›
Each Smart Distribution Station can accommodate an adaptable distribution transformer.
Increased knowledge and better options for control during grid operations Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
19
6. Managing Flexibilities Demand Side and Feed-In Management
AC
Electric Mobility DC AC
Feed-In Management Current Feed-In Management is a temporary solution. 100%-70%-30%-0% Steps
PV-Installations DC
Smart Meter
AC DC
Heatpump, AC, Storage Heaters, Water Heaters
Demand Side Management Improved integration of variable renewable generation (Load follows generation)
AC
Battery Storage DC Grid Modul
Unit Control Smart Home System
Smart Grid Monitoring to prevent overload situations and avert conventional grid improvements.
Flexible Non Flexible
House Hold
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
20
6. Managing Flexibilities The Grid Traffic Light
› Grid state estimation › Intelligent infrastructure › Feed-in management
Violation of grid limits
Red
Emergency measures with clear directives / direct intervention by the network operator. No “business as usual“
Smart Grid Smart Meter
grid limit
Closing in on grid limits DSO sets limits for sales
Yellow
Demand side management through signaling e.g. pricing Supplier Costumer or DNO Supplier
Smart Market
Stable grid conditions › Power procurement at optimal costs control energy › Virtual power plants
DSM by Supplier e.g. through pricing.
Green
No interference by the distribution network operator
Organization of the yellow light (§14a EnWG) uncertain. How do we consider both- the requests of regulated and non-regulated sector? grid reliability – accounting grid conformity – customer friendly / voluntary Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
21
6. Managing Flexibilities The Quota Model
N-1 Reserve
Grid limits for activating of flexibilities by sales
Boundary Conditions › Sales negotiate how to meet DSO‘s conditions
Transformer Capacity
based on their customer contracts › DSO supervises load activation by sales through load flow measurements at the Quota:
substations › Quota is determined by the DSO day ahead
E.g.60%
based on load and generation prognosis
Decentralized Generation
Load Flexibility
› Errors in the day ahead prognosis need to be compensated › Information needs to be made available to all energy sales companies
Load
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
› The DSO must limit sales in a nondiscriminatory manner
22
7. Smart Home, Smart Market, Smart Grid Interfacing the Smart Family
Direct Access to Smart Meter Systems during red phase Activation via direct command or pricing
Smart Grid (DSO) › Grid Monitoring › Generation of specific grid traffic light signals › Adapting of grid
topology
Smart Markets › Platform for managing capacities and flexibilities › Distribution of quotas between
› Intervention on red traffic light
participants in corresponding grid sections
Large Scale Participants Quota
Smart Meter
Smart Home
› Unified interface
› Manages in
for all
home
Transactions
flexibilities
› Power Plants
› Capability for
› Maintains limits
› Industries…
multi tariff
set by Smart
metering
Meter
Virtual Power Plant › Buys and sells capacities and flexibilities
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
23
7. Smart Home, Smart Market, Smart Grid The Wide Area Power Plant
Transmission System Operator
Distribution System Operator › Responsible for maintaining distribution grid stability (load flow and voltage)
› Responsible for grid stability › Manages ancillary services
Wide Area Power Plant
Smart Markets
› Process for managing all players
› Offer and sell ancillary services,
within a smart grid › Interfaces for flexibilities, ancillary
services and generation capacities
Supplies overview of available products
1. Aggregates all products 2. Generates Quotas for all grid segments and products including
flexibilities and generation capacities to TSO
› All Contracts registered with WAPP
Smart Meter Smart Home
Virtual Power Plant › Buys and sells capacities and flexibilities
overlay effects
Requests e.g. ancillary services
3. Offers TSO a bandwidth for activation
Large Scale Participants › Power Plants
› Industries… Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
24
8. Conclusion Next Steps Progresses takes place at the same time but at different speeds
› › › › ›
Addition of renewable generation Intelligent grid planning
Load management and smart markets Development of transmission grids Introduction of smart grid components
The solution to the problems occurs in two stages:
1. 2.
Technical issues will be solved utilizing a model kit system of available technologies. Load balancing will be achieved via supply management, demand side management, Power-2-Gas and energy storage systems….
The speed at which we can accomplish the „Energiewende“ will not be determined by how fast we can build new renewable generation sources, but by how fast the grid can adapt to the new challenges. Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
25
Thank you for your Attentions Questions?
Gerhard Walker › Contact Information E-Mail: Phone:
[email protected] +49 711 289 83203
Distribution Grid Operators as Enabler | Gerhard Walker
26
Q&A
Gerhard Walker Engineer Netze BW
Helping Utilities Make Smart Solar Decisions
