3D Graphene Foam Supported Fe3O4 Lithium Battery Anodes with ...
Supporting Information
3D Graphene Foam Supported Fe3O4 Lithium Battery Anodes with Long Cycle Life and High Rate Capability Jingshan Luo,† Jilei Liu,† Zhiyuan Zeng,‡ Chi Fan Ng,† Lingjie Ma,† Hua Zhang,‡ Jianyi Lin,†, Zexiang Shen,†,‡, § Hong Jin Fan†,§,*
†
Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore ‡
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore §
Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
Heterogeneous Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Sciences, A*star, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore
Intensity (a.u)
Fe 2p
O 1s C 1s
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Binding energy (eV)
Figure S1. The wide scan XPS of the GF@Fe3O4 sample.
100 nm
d
c
b
a
100 nm
100 nm
e
f
Figure S2. SEM and TEM images of the graphene foam supported FeOOH (GF@FeOOH) by using sacrificial ZnO layer with different thickness. (a, d) GF@FeOOH sample by using 10 nm ZnO sacrificial layer. (b, e) GF@FeOOH sample by using 30 nm ZnO sacrificial layer. (c, f) GF@FeOOH sample by using 50 nm ZnO sacrificial layer.
Figure S3. One TEM image of GF-supported Fe3O4 particles, showing the interconnection between the particles. This image was taken from a sample different from Figure 4.
Weight Percentage (%)
102 100 98 96 94 92 90 88 86 84 82 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
o
Temperature ( C) Figure S4. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of GF@Fe3O4 electrode. The final product after analysis is Fe2O3, the mass of the Fe3O4 was calculated to take around 80% of the total mass of the GF@Fe3O4 electrode.
Z'' (ohm)
a
300
b
before cycle after 500 cycles
200
100
0
0
100
200
300
Z' (ohm)
c
d
Figure S5. Characterizations of the GF@Fe3O4 electrode after cycling for 500 cycles at 1C rate. (a) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the GF@Fe3O4 electrode before and after cycling. (b, c) SEM images of the GF@Fe3O4 electrode after 500 cycles. (d) TEM images of the GF@Fe3O4 electrode after 500 cycles.
1400
Capacity (mAh/g)
1200
GF@Fe3O4 GF@Fe2O3
1000 800 600 400 200 0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Cycle number
Figure S6. Comparison between GF@Fe2O3 electrode and GF@Fe3O4 electrode. Unlike the later, the GF@Fe2O3 is obtained without using glucose during the FeCl3 hydrolysis. Note that the Fe2O3 particles have a rice shape.
a
d
b
e
c
f
Figure S7. TEM images of the samples based on chemically produced graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNT). (a) GO, (b) GO@ZnO, (c) GO@Fe3O4, (d) CNT, (e) CNT@ZnO, and (f) CNT@Fe3O4.
3D Graphene Foam Supported Fe3O4 Lithium Battery Anodes with Long Cycle Life and High Rate Capability Jingshan Luo,† Jilei Liu,† Zhiyuan Zeng,‡ Chi Fan Ng,† Lingjie Ma,† Hua Zhang,‡ Jianyi Lin,†, Zexiang Shen,†,‡, § Hong Jin Fan†,§,*
†
Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore ‡
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore §
Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
Heterogeneous Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Sciences, A*star, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore
Intensity (a.u)
Fe 2p
O 1s C 1s
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Binding energy (eV)
Figure S1. The wide scan XPS of the GF@Fe3O4 sample.
100 nm
d
c
b
a
100 nm
100 nm
e
f
Figure S2. SEM and TEM images of the graphene foam supported FeOOH (GF@FeOOH) by using sacrificial ZnO layer with different thickness. (a, d) GF@FeOOH sample by using 10 nm ZnO sacrificial layer. (b, e) GF@FeOOH sample by using 30 nm ZnO sacrificial layer. (c, f) GF@FeOOH sample by using 50 nm ZnO sacrificial layer.
Figure S3. One TEM image of GF-supported Fe3O4 particles, showing the interconnection between the particles. This image was taken from a sample different from Figure 4.
Weight Percentage (%)
102 100 98 96 94 92 90 88 86 84 82 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
o
Temperature ( C) Figure S4. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of GF@Fe3O4 electrode. The final product after analysis is Fe2O3, the mass of the Fe3O4 was calculated to take around 80% of the total mass of the GF@Fe3O4 electrode.
Z'' (ohm)
a
300
b
before cycle after 500 cycles
200
100
0
0
100
200
300
Z' (ohm)
c
d
Figure S5. Characterizations of the GF@Fe3O4 electrode after cycling for 500 cycles at 1C rate. (a) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the GF@Fe3O4 electrode before and after cycling. (b, c) SEM images of the GF@Fe3O4 electrode after 500 cycles. (d) TEM images of the GF@Fe3O4 electrode after 500 cycles.
1400
Capacity (mAh/g)
1200
GF@Fe3O4 GF@Fe2O3
1000 800 600 400 200 0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Cycle number
Figure S6. Comparison between GF@Fe2O3 electrode and GF@Fe3O4 electrode. Unlike the later, the GF@Fe2O3 is obtained without using glucose during the FeCl3 hydrolysis. Note that the Fe2O3 particles have a rice shape.
a
d
b
e
c
f
Figure S7. TEM images of the samples based on chemically produced graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNT). (a) GO, (b) GO@ZnO, (c) GO@Fe3O4, (d) CNT, (e) CNT@ZnO, and (f) CNT@Fe3O4.
