7 Unit Word Search
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.1
Unit Word Search Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour ______
Student Materials Pencil Directions Fill in the blank with the correct term from the word bank. Find the word within the word search.
_____________________ 1. Classification of wood that includes many evergreen trees _____________________ 2. Smallest forest region in the United States _____________________ 3. Controlled _____ are used to reduce fire hazards in an area. _____________________ 4. The upper portion of a tree that contains foliage _____________________ 5. Trees that can disrupt the ecosystem are _____ trees. _____________________ 6. Portion of the tree that supports the crown _____________________ 7. Also known as sapwood _____________________ 8. T rees that have developed over hundreds or even thousands of years in an area are _____ trees. _____________________ 9. F orest _____ is the study of the interaction of the parts of the forest ecosystem. _____________________ 10. Used to kill standing trees by making a cut in the trunk _____________________ 11. Dark-colored, inactive center portion of the trunk _____________________ 12. The _____ forms annual rings of new wood. _____________________ 13. Forest _____ improvement has the purpose of improving the forest by adjusting the number of trees or vegetation underneath them.
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.1 _____________________ 14. The inner bark _____________________ 15. Take up water and nutrients from the soil _____________________ 16. Trees that remain green throughout the year _____________________ 17. The defining plants in an area are generally _____ plants. _____________________ 18. Measures the height of trees _____________________ 19. Trees that change color in the fall _____________________ 20. Variation of girdling in which cuts are made at a downward angle around the trunk _____________________ 21. Classification of wood that includes many deciduous trees _____________________ 22. Logs are sorted for size and type during _____. _____________________ 23. Also known as leaf eaters _____________________ 24. _____ insects deposit eggs in flowers or developing cones. _____________________ 25. Causes branches to die at the tips
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.1 Word Bank burns cambium crown deciduous defoliators
dieback ecology evergreen frilling girdling
hardwoods heartwood hypsometer invasive milling
native phloem roots seed softwoods
stand tropical trunk woody xylem
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Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7
.2
Frequently Used Forestry and Natural Resource Terms for Landowners Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour ______
Student Materials Pencil OSU Extension Fact Sheet NREM-5022 1
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Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.2 Across 1. Forest established by planting 5. Buds, shoots, twigs, and leaves of woody growth that are fed upon by livestock and wild animals 9. Any chemical preparation used to kill or inhibit the growth of certain plants 10. To disturb the forest floor and topsoil in preparation for natural regeneration, direct seeding, or planting 12. Boundary where two or more different types of vegetation or succession stages meet 13. Any dead, dying, or den tree suitable as a nest or roost site for a cavity nesting animal 15. Evaluating and sorting trees, logs, or lumber according to quality and intended use 17. Any layer of soil that can be distinguished from adjacent layers by physical, chemical, or biological characteristics 18. To cut a log into specified lengths 21. Areas that are flooded or saturated by surface or ground water and include swamps and marshes 23. Fruit of trees such as oak, beech, and hickory 24. Abrupt bend in a tree or log 25. Any natural or constructed barrier utilized to segregate, stop, and control the spread of fire
Down 2. An area of land, 43,560 square feet in any shape 3. The direction towards which a slope faces 4. Inventory of forestland 5. A raised mound on which seedlings are planted 6. Small tree 7. Part of a tree that can be manufactured into a saleable product 8. Removing live or dead branches from standing trees to improve wood quality 11. Unit for measuring distance 14. Tree or trees blown down by the wind 16. Partial harvest in an immature tree stand to reduce the number of trees per acre 18. The base of a tree or log 19. Land that has been previously logged 20. Curve in a stem or log generally a response to environmental conditions 22. Measure of steepness 24. Stack of wood that has a gross volume of 128 cubic feet
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7
.3
Measuring Woodland Timber Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour ______
Student Materials Pencil OSU Extension Fact Sheet NREM-5021 Directions Forest products must be measured before they can be sold. This fact sheet discusses measuring woodland timber. After reading the fact sheet, answer the questions below.
1. What is the most frequent tree measurement made by foresters?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the merchantable height of timber?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is done once diameter and height measurements are collected?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What are the common measurement units for timber?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What is a board foot?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.3 6. What are two reasons the board foot measurement can be ambiguous and inconsistent?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What are the three most common log rules used in the United States?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What is a cubic foot?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Why is the cubic foot a better measurement than the board foot?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What is a standard cord of wood?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 11. How must firewood be sold in Oklahoma?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 12. What is green weight?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.3 13. Why can moisture content be more than 100 percent?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 14. What is a rough tree?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 15. What is required to assess the stumpage volume of a large woodland area?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7
.4
Tree Improvement in Oklahoma Woodlands Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour ______
Student Materials Pencil OSU Extension Fact Sheet NREM-5030 Directions Tree improvement is important in Oklahoma woodlands because the demand for products has increased while the land required for production has decreased. This fact sheet discusses tree improvement in Oklahoma woodlands. After reading the fact sheet, answer the questions below.
1. What are some of the products of Oklahoma forests?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are two reasons the land available for forest products has decreased?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is high grading?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why has high grading been a common practice?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.4 5. What is the key to tree improvement?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What is meant by “positive selection”?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What are two examples of even-aged regeneration techniques?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What may be the best option if the quality of the existing stand is extremely poor?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What is artificial regeneration?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What are the benefits of artificial regeneration?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 11. What are two characteristics of “plus-trees”?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.4 12. How long does it take to produce seed from a grafted tree?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 13. In Oklahoma, how long does it take for most tree species to grow from seed to a plantable seedling?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 14. What is lifting?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 15. What is important prior to purchasing seedlings?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7
.5
Field Key to Beetles in Pines Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour ______
Student Materials Pencil OSU Extension Fact Sheet EPP-7164 Directions After reading the fact sheet, answer the questions below with a one-word or short answer.
_____________________ 1. The heaviest damage caused by beetles is in the late summer and _____. _____________________ 2. What beetle makes “S” shaped galleries in the inner-bark of the tree? _____________________ 3. The Black Turpentine Beetle is dark brown or _____. _____________________ 4. The Black Turpentine Beetle is more prevalent during _____ periods. _____________________ 5. What is the smallest Ips beetle? _____________________ 6. The Ips grandicollis commonly invades what part of the trunk? _____________________ 7. The Ips calligraphus commonly attacks what part of the trunk? _____________________ 8. T he main characteristics of the Southern Pine Sawyer are the size, color, and _____ of antennae. _____________________ 9. What color is the adult Turpentine Borer? _____________________ 10. Adult Ambrosia Beetles attacking logs, lumber, and weakened trees can be recognized by fine _____ dust coming from pin-holes. _____________________ 11. Generally, Bostrichid Beetles are found in _____. _____________________ 12. Good management includes thinning old, unhealthy, and _____ trees. _____________________ 13. Good management includes avoiding _____ damage to roots and trunks by logging and road building equipment. _____________________ 14. Trees under heavy attack generally have _____ tops. _____________________ 15. Chemicals should be stored in _____ cabinets. Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7
.6
Trees in Your Area Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour ______
Student Materials Pencil Directions Trees are everywhere – from remote forests to cities and towns. Think about the trees you see in your everyday activities – walking, riding in a vehicle, even just looking out a window! Answer the questions below, if a question is not applicable, put N/A in the blanks. If you don’t know the specific species, describe the tree.
1. What is one evergreen tree species you have seen recently? Where was the tree?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is one deciduous tree species you have seen recently? Where was the tree?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Have you seen any invasive trees? If so, where and what were the species?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Have you noticed insect damage on any trees? If so, describe the damage.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.6 5. Have you noticed damage caused by disease on any trees? If so, describe the damage.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Have you noticed any damage caused by weather or animals on trees? If so, describe the damage.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7
.7
Unit Review Crossword Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour ______
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Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.7 Across 1. Instrument used for measuring diameter 4. Native plants capable of taking advantage of changes in an area 6. Instrument used to measure height 7. Upper portion of a tree that contains the branches, twigs, and foliage 8. Practice of cutting certain trees in an immature stand to increase the rate of growth in the stand 10. Plants that have moved from their original range into other areas 11. Classification of wood that includes deciduous trees such as oaks and ashes 14. Dark-colored inactive center portion of the trunk 17. Example of a deciduous tree 19. Increased risk because of Eastern red cedar trees in Oklahoma 20. Example of an evergreen tree 21. Unpreventable cause of wildfires 23. Example of an herbaceous plant 24. First step in wood processing 26. Plants not native to the continent on which they are growing 27. Carries the sap from the roots to the leaves and stores food 28. Smallest forest region in the United States; found in southern areas of Florida and Texas 30. Plants bearing closed seeds 33. Plants bearing naked seeds 35. Example of a woody plant 36. Management of the growth, diversity, health and quality of forests
Down 2. Destroy plant foliage by eating the leaves 3. Plants that complete the life cycle in two growing seasons 5. One of the largest trees in the world; found in the pacific coast forest region 9. Classification of wood that includes evergreens such as pines and spruces 12. Prolonged dry period 13. Layer of cells between the bark and wood where growth occurs 15. Trees that remain green throughout the year 16. Trees that lose their leaves at the end of the growing season 18. Plants that grow back year after year 22. Occur when the flow of water is disrupted 25. Result in swollen, split, and distorted areas in the stem and branches 29. Plants that complete the life cycle in one growing season 31. Portion of the tree that extends underground to support the tree 32. Method used to kill standing trees; involves making a cut in the trunk 34. Carries sugar made in the leaves to the branches, trunk, and roots Environmental Science & Natural Resources
.1
Unit Word Search Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour ______
Student Materials Pencil Directions Fill in the blank with the correct term from the word bank. Find the word within the word search.
_____________________ 1. Classification of wood that includes many evergreen trees _____________________ 2. Smallest forest region in the United States _____________________ 3. Controlled _____ are used to reduce fire hazards in an area. _____________________ 4. The upper portion of a tree that contains foliage _____________________ 5. Trees that can disrupt the ecosystem are _____ trees. _____________________ 6. Portion of the tree that supports the crown _____________________ 7. Also known as sapwood _____________________ 8. T rees that have developed over hundreds or even thousands of years in an area are _____ trees. _____________________ 9. F orest _____ is the study of the interaction of the parts of the forest ecosystem. _____________________ 10. Used to kill standing trees by making a cut in the trunk _____________________ 11. Dark-colored, inactive center portion of the trunk _____________________ 12. The _____ forms annual rings of new wood. _____________________ 13. Forest _____ improvement has the purpose of improving the forest by adjusting the number of trees or vegetation underneath them.
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.1 _____________________ 14. The inner bark _____________________ 15. Take up water and nutrients from the soil _____________________ 16. Trees that remain green throughout the year _____________________ 17. The defining plants in an area are generally _____ plants. _____________________ 18. Measures the height of trees _____________________ 19. Trees that change color in the fall _____________________ 20. Variation of girdling in which cuts are made at a downward angle around the trunk _____________________ 21. Classification of wood that includes many deciduous trees _____________________ 22. Logs are sorted for size and type during _____. _____________________ 23. Also known as leaf eaters _____________________ 24. _____ insects deposit eggs in flowers or developing cones. _____________________ 25. Causes branches to die at the tips
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.1 Word Bank burns cambium crown deciduous defoliators
dieback ecology evergreen frilling girdling
hardwoods heartwood hypsometer invasive milling
native phloem roots seed softwoods
stand tropical trunk woody xylem
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Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7
.2
Frequently Used Forestry and Natural Resource Terms for Landowners Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour ______
Student Materials Pencil OSU Extension Fact Sheet NREM-5022 1
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14 15 16 17
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EclipseCrossword.com
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.2 Across 1. Forest established by planting 5. Buds, shoots, twigs, and leaves of woody growth that are fed upon by livestock and wild animals 9. Any chemical preparation used to kill or inhibit the growth of certain plants 10. To disturb the forest floor and topsoil in preparation for natural regeneration, direct seeding, or planting 12. Boundary where two or more different types of vegetation or succession stages meet 13. Any dead, dying, or den tree suitable as a nest or roost site for a cavity nesting animal 15. Evaluating and sorting trees, logs, or lumber according to quality and intended use 17. Any layer of soil that can be distinguished from adjacent layers by physical, chemical, or biological characteristics 18. To cut a log into specified lengths 21. Areas that are flooded or saturated by surface or ground water and include swamps and marshes 23. Fruit of trees such as oak, beech, and hickory 24. Abrupt bend in a tree or log 25. Any natural or constructed barrier utilized to segregate, stop, and control the spread of fire
Down 2. An area of land, 43,560 square feet in any shape 3. The direction towards which a slope faces 4. Inventory of forestland 5. A raised mound on which seedlings are planted 6. Small tree 7. Part of a tree that can be manufactured into a saleable product 8. Removing live or dead branches from standing trees to improve wood quality 11. Unit for measuring distance 14. Tree or trees blown down by the wind 16. Partial harvest in an immature tree stand to reduce the number of trees per acre 18. The base of a tree or log 19. Land that has been previously logged 20. Curve in a stem or log generally a response to environmental conditions 22. Measure of steepness 24. Stack of wood that has a gross volume of 128 cubic feet
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7
.3
Measuring Woodland Timber Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour ______
Student Materials Pencil OSU Extension Fact Sheet NREM-5021 Directions Forest products must be measured before they can be sold. This fact sheet discusses measuring woodland timber. After reading the fact sheet, answer the questions below.
1. What is the most frequent tree measurement made by foresters?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the merchantable height of timber?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is done once diameter and height measurements are collected?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What are the common measurement units for timber?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What is a board foot?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.3 6. What are two reasons the board foot measurement can be ambiguous and inconsistent?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What are the three most common log rules used in the United States?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What is a cubic foot?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Why is the cubic foot a better measurement than the board foot?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What is a standard cord of wood?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 11. How must firewood be sold in Oklahoma?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 12. What is green weight?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.3 13. Why can moisture content be more than 100 percent?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 14. What is a rough tree?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 15. What is required to assess the stumpage volume of a large woodland area?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7
.4
Tree Improvement in Oklahoma Woodlands Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour ______
Student Materials Pencil OSU Extension Fact Sheet NREM-5030 Directions Tree improvement is important in Oklahoma woodlands because the demand for products has increased while the land required for production has decreased. This fact sheet discusses tree improvement in Oklahoma woodlands. After reading the fact sheet, answer the questions below.
1. What are some of the products of Oklahoma forests?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are two reasons the land available for forest products has decreased?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is high grading?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why has high grading been a common practice?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.4 5. What is the key to tree improvement?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What is meant by “positive selection”?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What are two examples of even-aged regeneration techniques?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What may be the best option if the quality of the existing stand is extremely poor?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What is artificial regeneration?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What are the benefits of artificial regeneration?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 11. What are two characteristics of “plus-trees”?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.4 12. How long does it take to produce seed from a grafted tree?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 13. In Oklahoma, how long does it take for most tree species to grow from seed to a plantable seedling?
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 14. What is lifting?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 15. What is important prior to purchasing seedlings?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7
.5
Field Key to Beetles in Pines Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour ______
Student Materials Pencil OSU Extension Fact Sheet EPP-7164 Directions After reading the fact sheet, answer the questions below with a one-word or short answer.
_____________________ 1. The heaviest damage caused by beetles is in the late summer and _____. _____________________ 2. What beetle makes “S” shaped galleries in the inner-bark of the tree? _____________________ 3. The Black Turpentine Beetle is dark brown or _____. _____________________ 4. The Black Turpentine Beetle is more prevalent during _____ periods. _____________________ 5. What is the smallest Ips beetle? _____________________ 6. The Ips grandicollis commonly invades what part of the trunk? _____________________ 7. The Ips calligraphus commonly attacks what part of the trunk? _____________________ 8. T he main characteristics of the Southern Pine Sawyer are the size, color, and _____ of antennae. _____________________ 9. What color is the adult Turpentine Borer? _____________________ 10. Adult Ambrosia Beetles attacking logs, lumber, and weakened trees can be recognized by fine _____ dust coming from pin-holes. _____________________ 11. Generally, Bostrichid Beetles are found in _____. _____________________ 12. Good management includes thinning old, unhealthy, and _____ trees. _____________________ 13. Good management includes avoiding _____ damage to roots and trunks by logging and road building equipment. _____________________ 14. Trees under heavy attack generally have _____ tops. _____________________ 15. Chemicals should be stored in _____ cabinets. Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7
.6
Trees in Your Area Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour ______
Student Materials Pencil Directions Trees are everywhere – from remote forests to cities and towns. Think about the trees you see in your everyday activities – walking, riding in a vehicle, even just looking out a window! Answer the questions below, if a question is not applicable, put N/A in the blanks. If you don’t know the specific species, describe the tree.
1. What is one evergreen tree species you have seen recently? Where was the tree?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is one deciduous tree species you have seen recently? Where was the tree?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Have you seen any invasive trees? If so, where and what were the species?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Have you noticed insect damage on any trees? If so, describe the damage.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.6 5. Have you noticed damage caused by disease on any trees? If so, describe the damage.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Have you noticed any damage caused by weather or animals on trees? If so, describe the damage.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7
.7
Unit Review Crossword Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Hour ______
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EclipseCrossword.com
Environmental Science & Natural Resources
7.7 Across 1. Instrument used for measuring diameter 4. Native plants capable of taking advantage of changes in an area 6. Instrument used to measure height 7. Upper portion of a tree that contains the branches, twigs, and foliage 8. Practice of cutting certain trees in an immature stand to increase the rate of growth in the stand 10. Plants that have moved from their original range into other areas 11. Classification of wood that includes deciduous trees such as oaks and ashes 14. Dark-colored inactive center portion of the trunk 17. Example of a deciduous tree 19. Increased risk because of Eastern red cedar trees in Oklahoma 20. Example of an evergreen tree 21. Unpreventable cause of wildfires 23. Example of an herbaceous plant 24. First step in wood processing 26. Plants not native to the continent on which they are growing 27. Carries the sap from the roots to the leaves and stores food 28. Smallest forest region in the United States; found in southern areas of Florida and Texas 30. Plants bearing closed seeds 33. Plants bearing naked seeds 35. Example of a woody plant 36. Management of the growth, diversity, health and quality of forests
Down 2. Destroy plant foliage by eating the leaves 3. Plants that complete the life cycle in two growing seasons 5. One of the largest trees in the world; found in the pacific coast forest region 9. Classification of wood that includes evergreens such as pines and spruces 12. Prolonged dry period 13. Layer of cells between the bark and wood where growth occurs 15. Trees that remain green throughout the year 16. Trees that lose their leaves at the end of the growing season 18. Plants that grow back year after year 22. Occur when the flow of water is disrupted 25. Result in swollen, split, and distorted areas in the stem and branches 29. Plants that complete the life cycle in one growing season 31. Portion of the tree that extends underground to support the tree 32. Method used to kill standing trees; involves making a cut in the trunk 34. Carries sugar made in the leaves to the branches, trunk, and roots Environmental Science & Natural Resources
