AN EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY BOOK
DUNDEE
2012
DASHNDEM © 2012
WORLD CHANGE SUMMIT
Imagine Being a World Leader AN EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY BOOK
Honoured Delegate
DUNDEE
2012
WORLD CHANGE SUMMIT
Draw yourself behind the podium and colour in the picture to finish it off.
2
WALK LIKE A WORLD LEADER
The confident stride.
A confident stride combined with a frozen wave. 3
HANDSHAKE DIPLOMACY When two leaders greet each other they use hand shakes to communicate their status both to one another and the onlooking audience and media.
When both palms remain vertical it shows equality but by turning your palm so it faces downwards it gives you the upper hand and shows that you are in control.
Hint: notice how the person on the left hand side of the photo gets the upper hand advantage. 4
The Double Hander - this can be used to disarm an opponent who has the upper hand. It also shows trust and good will.
Move on up - the art of using two hands. Two hands are commonly used to show sincerity, trust and depth of feeling. You can choose from three moves: the wrist hold, the elbow grasp, and the shoulder hold. The further up the arm the more intimate it appears. 5
SITTING POSTURE
Confident and superior.
The expert. 6
WORLD CHANGE As delegates to this summit you have the power to change the world for the better. Better for yourself, better for your people, better for everyone. How then do you make the world a better place? How do you begin? Lets start with what you want to change. Let’s make a list.
7
What I would change
Now, put a circle around the issue you find most important 8
Put your most important issue in the globe and use the template to help expand your argument.
1. 2. 3.
REASONS FOR CHANGE
MAKING IT HAPPEN
FUTURE BENEFITS
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
THE LANGUAGE OF PERSUASION Some language is formal and some informal. The language you use depends on your audience. When you make a speech you use a special type of formal language, this is called:
RHETORIC Rhetoric helps make you sound convincing and creates rapport with your audience. It makes what you say more memorable and sounds good on radio and TV. The dictionary definition of rhetoric is:
The art of using speech or writing to persuade or influence. Now you are going to learn exactly that.
10
SAME BUT BETTER The way you say something can make all the difference to your speech:
You have taken away my freedom.
Once I moved around like the wind. Now I surrender to you and that’s all. Geronimo, American Apache Chief
Notice how the quote on the right has more impact although the meanings are the same. Now match these pairs below and decide which one is better:
We should not be scared.
It’s the wrong war, in the wrong place at the wrong time. John Kerry
All human beings are equal.
I am not an Athenian or a Greek but a citizen of the world. Socrates
I disagree with everything about this war.
We have nothing to fear but fear itself. Napoleon
Well done that’s a great start, now let’s find out how it works. 11
QUESTION AND ANSWER This simple rule is a great method of grabbing the attention of your audience at the start of your speech. Beginning with a question engages an audience and makes everyone think of an answer. You can use this trick like a hook to catch a fish.
You ask, what is our policy? I will say, it is to wage war, by sea, land and air... Winston Churchill
What is conservatism? Is it not the adherence to the old and tried against the new and untried. Abraham Lincoln
Ask me my three main priorities for government, and I tell you: education, education, education. Tony Blair
This template will help you have your audience on the edge of their seats:
Ladies and gentlemen, you ask what is our aim? I can answer in one word: 1. 2. 3.
12
Hint:
Repeat the same word
TWO WON’T DO, IT’S THREE FOR ME Notice how you repeated the same word three times as part of the question and answer template. Lists of three are often used in famous quotes and political speeches to emphasise a point.
LISTS OF THREE
I have a dream about equality. I have a dream about fraternity. I have a dream about justice.
We cannot dedicate. We cannot consecrate. We cannot hallow this ground.
Neil Kinnock
Abraham Lincon
Free at last. Free at last. Thank god almighty we are free at last. Martin Luther King
Add three future benefits that will happen as a result of acting on your issue to reinforce your point:
Let's talk about the future, a future with a future with a future with
Well done, a round of applause for you. 13
1,2,3 GESTURES Here are three gestures that support the delivery of your three points.
Driving home your point.
Authoritative but not aggressive.
Staging your points. 14
Another effective rhetoric technique for speech writing is to use contrasts. These exaggerate your point and make it sound more dramatic.
CONTRASTS Following a negative with a positive, or vice versa, is a great way of creating contrast, it's called a contradiction.
I am against this treaty, not because I am a man of war, but because I am a man of peace.
The house we hope to build is not for my generation but for yours. Ronald Reagan
Eamonn de Valera
Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. John F Kennedy
Use the template below to create an applause prompting contradiction:
We'll succeed not by luck but by
Well done you’re learning fast. 15
Opposites can also be used to create dramatic sounding contrasts in a speech, and often prompt applause.
OPPOSITES
There never was a good war, or a bad peace.
Go to where the silence is and say something.
Benjamin Franklin
Amy Goodman
Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. Mahatma Ghandi
Good and evil, life and death, war and peace are all examples of opposites. Now use opposites to complete the template below:
Let me ask you as I close to look beyond the of today, to the of tomorrow.
Hint: think of opposites that relate to your issue.
Well done, have a big round of applause. 16
In order to convey the meaning of a sentence some words are emphasized more than others.
EMPHASIS
You can even change the meaning of a sentence by changing the word or words that you emphasize. Try repeating Barack Obama’s campaign slogan placing the emphasis each time on a different word:
Change we can believe in. Change we can believe in. Change we can believe in. Change we can believe in. Change we can believe in.
Change we can believe in, has a different focus to: Change we can believe in.
Hint: For your speech choose the most important words and underline them.
17
HOW BIG’S THE ISSUE Hand gestures are often used to show contrasts and differences: ‘on one hand this, on the other hand that’.
Small
Medium
Large 18
THE GESTURE CLASS: Five Key Political Gestures
1.
The Fist
3.
2.
The Chop
5.
4.
The Steeple 19
The Palm Display
The Finger Point
20
21
22
THE GESTURE CLASS: Five Key Political Gestures
1.
Together we can do this.
3.
2.
It is imperative.
5.
4.
I am certain. 23
I have nothing to hide.
You must.
INTRODUCTION A speech has a formal beginning and ending.
ADDRESS Before starting your speech you must first address your audience. For example:
Honoured delegates Distinguished guests Ladies and gentlemen Fellow members of... People of the world
Hint: the beginning of your speech will combine at least two of the above.
Next it is important to express your pleasure at speaking on this occasion (here and now). This template will get you off to a good start:
I am delighted to join with you today in what will go down in history as the day
24
CONCLUSION Just as it is important to get your speech off to a good start, it is vital to conclude with a dramatic and inspiring line that summarises the main point of your speech and makes it memorable.
I know that together we can make this again the greatest state of the greatest country in the world. Arnold Schwarzenegger
If we make the right choice, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our world into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. John F Kennedy
This country will reclaim its promise and out of this long political darkness a brighter day will come. Barack Obama
Fill in the template below to create a dramatic and memorable conclusion:
When that day finally comes we the people can look back in satisfaction knowing
Last but not least remember to thank your audience before you finish: Thank you very much. Thank you. 25
THE PAUSE
Pausing is an important skill to master for public speaking. In the right places it creates dramatic impact.
When you have arrived at the podium...pause. When you have made a good point...pause. After a question...pause. Before you conclude...pause. At the end of the speech...pause.
How do you mark the pauses in your speech? Like this
Hint: you can also mark other things you want to remember in your speech. For example, you could underline words you want to emphasize or sketch gestures you want to use during your delivery. Remember to take your time, to glance down at your notes, to look at your audience, relax, and enjoy yourself.
26
How we say something is called:
MANNER The manner in which you say something has a dramatic effect on your audience. Pick one of your favourite quotes or write a sentence from your speech in the template below:
Now try saying it in these different manners: Passionate Forceful Persuasive Compassionate Honest Enthusiastic Humorous Serious Angry Challenging Mocking
Start to think about how you might use this in your speech. Go through each sentence and note what impression or meaning you want it to convey to your audience. 27
FINAL SPEECH TEMPLATE
INSTRUCTIONS These instructions correspond to the numbered templates to help you complete your speech: 1. Address your audience. 2. Express your pleasure at speaking on this occasion, here and now. 3. Repeat the same word three times. 4. This is another contrast, fill in a negative point followed by a positive solution. Finally, add dramatic emphasis. 5. Add three future benefits that will happen as a result of acting on your issue to reinforce your point. Conclude by filling in the objective you want to move towards. 6. Fill in what people must do to succeed. Now emphasize a positive result. 7. Start with a negative followed by it’s positive opposite. Now contrast a negative issue with a positive aim. Conclude by writing an emotive line that sums up your campaign. Well done you’ve finished your speech, a big round of applause for you.
28
1. Honoured delegates
2. I am delighted to join with you today in what will go down in history as the day
3. Ladies and gentlemen, you ask what is our aim? I can answer in one word: 1. 2. 3.
29
4. Now we face a choice, to continue or to Let us be the generation that
5. Let's talk about the future, a future with a future with a future with We cannot turn back, join me, walk together, take another step towards
30
6. We'll succeed not by luck but by
Together we can
7. Let me ask you as I close to look beyond the of today, to the of tomorrow. Beyond to the advance of When that day finally comes, we the people can look back in satisfaction knowing
Thank you very much. Thank you.
31
Notes
32
2012
DASHNDEM © 2012
WORLD CHANGE SUMMIT
Imagine Being a World Leader AN EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY BOOK
Honoured Delegate
DUNDEE
2012
WORLD CHANGE SUMMIT
Draw yourself behind the podium and colour in the picture to finish it off.
2
WALK LIKE A WORLD LEADER
The confident stride.
A confident stride combined with a frozen wave. 3
HANDSHAKE DIPLOMACY When two leaders greet each other they use hand shakes to communicate their status both to one another and the onlooking audience and media.
When both palms remain vertical it shows equality but by turning your palm so it faces downwards it gives you the upper hand and shows that you are in control.
Hint: notice how the person on the left hand side of the photo gets the upper hand advantage. 4
The Double Hander - this can be used to disarm an opponent who has the upper hand. It also shows trust and good will.
Move on up - the art of using two hands. Two hands are commonly used to show sincerity, trust and depth of feeling. You can choose from three moves: the wrist hold, the elbow grasp, and the shoulder hold. The further up the arm the more intimate it appears. 5
SITTING POSTURE
Confident and superior.
The expert. 6
WORLD CHANGE As delegates to this summit you have the power to change the world for the better. Better for yourself, better for your people, better for everyone. How then do you make the world a better place? How do you begin? Lets start with what you want to change. Let’s make a list.
7
What I would change
Now, put a circle around the issue you find most important 8
Put your most important issue in the globe and use the template to help expand your argument.
1. 2. 3.
REASONS FOR CHANGE
MAKING IT HAPPEN
FUTURE BENEFITS
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
THE LANGUAGE OF PERSUASION Some language is formal and some informal. The language you use depends on your audience. When you make a speech you use a special type of formal language, this is called:
RHETORIC Rhetoric helps make you sound convincing and creates rapport with your audience. It makes what you say more memorable and sounds good on radio and TV. The dictionary definition of rhetoric is:
The art of using speech or writing to persuade or influence. Now you are going to learn exactly that.
10
SAME BUT BETTER The way you say something can make all the difference to your speech:
You have taken away my freedom.
Once I moved around like the wind. Now I surrender to you and that’s all. Geronimo, American Apache Chief
Notice how the quote on the right has more impact although the meanings are the same. Now match these pairs below and decide which one is better:
We should not be scared.
It’s the wrong war, in the wrong place at the wrong time. John Kerry
All human beings are equal.
I am not an Athenian or a Greek but a citizen of the world. Socrates
I disagree with everything about this war.
We have nothing to fear but fear itself. Napoleon
Well done that’s a great start, now let’s find out how it works. 11
QUESTION AND ANSWER This simple rule is a great method of grabbing the attention of your audience at the start of your speech. Beginning with a question engages an audience and makes everyone think of an answer. You can use this trick like a hook to catch a fish.
You ask, what is our policy? I will say, it is to wage war, by sea, land and air... Winston Churchill
What is conservatism? Is it not the adherence to the old and tried against the new and untried. Abraham Lincoln
Ask me my three main priorities for government, and I tell you: education, education, education. Tony Blair
This template will help you have your audience on the edge of their seats:
Ladies and gentlemen, you ask what is our aim? I can answer in one word: 1. 2. 3.
12
Hint:
Repeat the same word
TWO WON’T DO, IT’S THREE FOR ME Notice how you repeated the same word three times as part of the question and answer template. Lists of three are often used in famous quotes and political speeches to emphasise a point.
LISTS OF THREE
I have a dream about equality. I have a dream about fraternity. I have a dream about justice.
We cannot dedicate. We cannot consecrate. We cannot hallow this ground.
Neil Kinnock
Abraham Lincon
Free at last. Free at last. Thank god almighty we are free at last. Martin Luther King
Add three future benefits that will happen as a result of acting on your issue to reinforce your point:
Let's talk about the future, a future with a future with a future with
Well done, a round of applause for you. 13
1,2,3 GESTURES Here are three gestures that support the delivery of your three points.
Driving home your point.
Authoritative but not aggressive.
Staging your points. 14
Another effective rhetoric technique for speech writing is to use contrasts. These exaggerate your point and make it sound more dramatic.
CONTRASTS Following a negative with a positive, or vice versa, is a great way of creating contrast, it's called a contradiction.
I am against this treaty, not because I am a man of war, but because I am a man of peace.
The house we hope to build is not for my generation but for yours. Ronald Reagan
Eamonn de Valera
Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. John F Kennedy
Use the template below to create an applause prompting contradiction:
We'll succeed not by luck but by
Well done you’re learning fast. 15
Opposites can also be used to create dramatic sounding contrasts in a speech, and often prompt applause.
OPPOSITES
There never was a good war, or a bad peace.
Go to where the silence is and say something.
Benjamin Franklin
Amy Goodman
Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. Mahatma Ghandi
Good and evil, life and death, war and peace are all examples of opposites. Now use opposites to complete the template below:
Let me ask you as I close to look beyond the of today, to the of tomorrow.
Hint: think of opposites that relate to your issue.
Well done, have a big round of applause. 16
In order to convey the meaning of a sentence some words are emphasized more than others.
EMPHASIS
You can even change the meaning of a sentence by changing the word or words that you emphasize. Try repeating Barack Obama’s campaign slogan placing the emphasis each time on a different word:
Change we can believe in. Change we can believe in. Change we can believe in. Change we can believe in. Change we can believe in.
Change we can believe in, has a different focus to: Change we can believe in.
Hint: For your speech choose the most important words and underline them.
17
HOW BIG’S THE ISSUE Hand gestures are often used to show contrasts and differences: ‘on one hand this, on the other hand that’.
Small
Medium
Large 18
THE GESTURE CLASS: Five Key Political Gestures
1.
The Fist
3.
2.
The Chop
5.
4.
The Steeple 19
The Palm Display
The Finger Point
20
21
22
THE GESTURE CLASS: Five Key Political Gestures
1.
Together we can do this.
3.
2.
It is imperative.
5.
4.
I am certain. 23
I have nothing to hide.
You must.
INTRODUCTION A speech has a formal beginning and ending.
ADDRESS Before starting your speech you must first address your audience. For example:
Honoured delegates Distinguished guests Ladies and gentlemen Fellow members of... People of the world
Hint: the beginning of your speech will combine at least two of the above.
Next it is important to express your pleasure at speaking on this occasion (here and now). This template will get you off to a good start:
I am delighted to join with you today in what will go down in history as the day
24
CONCLUSION Just as it is important to get your speech off to a good start, it is vital to conclude with a dramatic and inspiring line that summarises the main point of your speech and makes it memorable.
I know that together we can make this again the greatest state of the greatest country in the world. Arnold Schwarzenegger
If we make the right choice, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our world into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. John F Kennedy
This country will reclaim its promise and out of this long political darkness a brighter day will come. Barack Obama
Fill in the template below to create a dramatic and memorable conclusion:
When that day finally comes we the people can look back in satisfaction knowing
Last but not least remember to thank your audience before you finish: Thank you very much. Thank you. 25
THE PAUSE
Pausing is an important skill to master for public speaking. In the right places it creates dramatic impact.
When you have arrived at the podium...pause. When you have made a good point...pause. After a question...pause. Before you conclude...pause. At the end of the speech...pause.
How do you mark the pauses in your speech? Like this
Hint: you can also mark other things you want to remember in your speech. For example, you could underline words you want to emphasize or sketch gestures you want to use during your delivery. Remember to take your time, to glance down at your notes, to look at your audience, relax, and enjoy yourself.
26
How we say something is called:
MANNER The manner in which you say something has a dramatic effect on your audience. Pick one of your favourite quotes or write a sentence from your speech in the template below:
Now try saying it in these different manners: Passionate Forceful Persuasive Compassionate Honest Enthusiastic Humorous Serious Angry Challenging Mocking
Start to think about how you might use this in your speech. Go through each sentence and note what impression or meaning you want it to convey to your audience. 27
FINAL SPEECH TEMPLATE
INSTRUCTIONS These instructions correspond to the numbered templates to help you complete your speech: 1. Address your audience. 2. Express your pleasure at speaking on this occasion, here and now. 3. Repeat the same word three times. 4. This is another contrast, fill in a negative point followed by a positive solution. Finally, add dramatic emphasis. 5. Add three future benefits that will happen as a result of acting on your issue to reinforce your point. Conclude by filling in the objective you want to move towards. 6. Fill in what people must do to succeed. Now emphasize a positive result. 7. Start with a negative followed by it’s positive opposite. Now contrast a negative issue with a positive aim. Conclude by writing an emotive line that sums up your campaign. Well done you’ve finished your speech, a big round of applause for you.
28
1. Honoured delegates
2. I am delighted to join with you today in what will go down in history as the day
3. Ladies and gentlemen, you ask what is our aim? I can answer in one word: 1. 2. 3.
29
4. Now we face a choice, to continue or to Let us be the generation that
5. Let's talk about the future, a future with a future with a future with We cannot turn back, join me, walk together, take another step towards
30
6. We'll succeed not by luck but by
Together we can
7. Let me ask you as I close to look beyond the of today, to the of tomorrow. Beyond to the advance of When that day finally comes, we the people can look back in satisfaction knowing
Thank you very much. Thank you.
31
Notes
32
