Arable farming in Brazil - agri benchmark
Arable farming in Brazil Annual precipitation
Annual average temperature
Source: World Trade Press. All Rights Reserved 2007
Source: World Trade Press. All Rights Reserved 2007
The annual precipitation in Brazil ranges from 200 mm in the dry East to more than 2,000 mm in the Amazon. Paraná and Mato Grosso, the regions of the typical farms within the agri benchmark network, are located in areas which receive between 1,000 and 2,000 mm/year.
In the tropical regions of the North the annual average temperature can reach up to 30 °C. In the southern states e.g. Paraná subtropical climate prevails and thus temperature ranges around moderate 15 - 21 °C.
Brazilian preservation rates for legal reserve In 1965, the Brazilian government has introduced mandatory rates (Law n. 4771/65) how much land must be reserved for environmental purposes. According to the current legislation, last changed in 2001, farmers in Paraná shall put 20 % of their land aside and in the southern part of Mato Grosso, relevant to the typical farm, 35 %. In the Amazon Forest this goes up to 80 %. As of 2012, negotiations are on the way to reduce these rates for the future. Source: ICONE after IBGE and MMA Authors: Kathrin Strohm, Daniel Velazco Bedoya and Mauro Osaki, May 2012
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Land use in Brazil
Land use in Brazil, 2010 Other 10 %
Cropland (2006) 7%
Water and cities 4%
Grassland (2006) 19 %
Looking at Brazil as a whole, the majority of the national territory is covered with woodland (48 %) and further 12 % with indigenous land, mainly forests. So far, large landscapes are occupied with grassland (19 %). Cropland in the end makes up only 7 % of the total area.
Indigenous land 12 %
Woodland 48 %
Source: IBGE 2011, MMA 2011, ABRAF 2011, ICONE
Agricultural Land Use Brazil 2010
Agricultural land use in Brazil 70 60
Mio ha
50 40 30 20 10 0 1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
soybean
corn*
sugar cane
beans*
wheat
cassava
sorghum
others**
2010
rice
At national level, the area planted in Brazil with the eight most important crops increased from 42.9 Mio. ha to 56.6 Mio. ha (+ 32 %) during the last 20 years. However, in this figure hectares under double cropping, e.g. corn and beans, are counted twice. In 1990, the share of corn as a second crop amounted to 6 % and rose to 35 % in 2008. Both, soybean and sugar cane more than doubled its acreage while most of the increase occurred since 2001. Together with corn, the share of these three most important crops in the total planted area rose from 61 % in 1990 up to 77 % in 2010.
Source: IBGE-PAM 2011, planted area; *partially double cropping; **Sum of all termporal crops minus 8 mentioned crops, in particular cotton
ShareShare of ofarea planted with soybean, area planted with soybean, corn and sugarcorn and sugar cane in important states, 2010
% of total planted area
cane in important states, 2010
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
São Paulo
Mato Grosso do Sul
Mato Grosso
Goiás
soybean
corn
Minas Gerais
Paraná
sugar cane
In general, agricultural production in Brazil is dominated by only a few major states. While São Paulo is the sugar cane state, occupying almost 75 % of its total planted area, five states among them Mato Grosso and Paraná are very strong in soybean production which on average covers more than 50 % of their land.
Rio Grande do Sul
Source: IBGE-PAM 2011
Authors: Kathrin Strohm, Daniel Velazco Bedoya and Mauro Osaki, May 2012
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of most important states in soybean area, 2010 Share Share of most important states in soybean area, 2010 2% 4%
4% 2% 2% 27 %
The pie chart on the left shows the dominance of the four major soybean states. In 2010, Mato Grosso comprised 27 % of the Brazilian land sown with soybean. Three further states obtained values above 10 %, namely Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Goiás.
4% 7%
10 % 19 % 17 % Mato Grosso
Paraná
Rio Grande do Sul
Goiás
Mato Grosso do Sul
Minas Gerais
Bahia
São Paulo
Maranhão
Santa Catarina
Others
Source: IBGE-PAM 2011
Shareof of most important states states in corn area, Share most important in corn area, 2010 2010
15 %
17 %
4% 4% 16 %
6%
Regarding corn the picture looks similar. Here, Paraná, Mato Grosso and Rio Grande do Sul are also on the top as well as Minas Gerais.
6% 9%
7% 7%
9%
Paraná
Mato Grosso
Minas Gerais
Rio Grande do Sul
Mato Grosso do Sul
Goiás
Bahia
São Paulo
Santa Catarina
Ceará
Others
Source: IBGE-PAM 2011 Share of most important states in sugar cane area, 2010
Share of most important states in sugar cane area, 2010 2,3 % 3,9 %
8,0 %
4,4 % 4,7 % 6,3 %
55,3 %
6,8 % 8,1 %
São Paulo
Minas Gerais
Paraná
Goiás
Alagoas
Mato Grosso do Sul
Pernambuco
Mato Grosso
Others
Given that sugar cane occupies more than 70 % of the cropland in São Paulo it is not surprising that it dominates the sugarcane production across Brazil. This one state alone provides 55 % of the sugarcane area. Further important states are Minas Gerais, Paraná and Goiás. Besides the states in the south central region of Brazil Alagoas and Pernambuco in the Northeast are among the states with relevant crop shares.
Source: IBGE-PAM 2011
Authors: Kathrin Strohm, Daniel Velazco Bedoya and Mauro Osaki, May 2012
3
Annual average temperature
Source: World Trade Press. All Rights Reserved 2007
Source: World Trade Press. All Rights Reserved 2007
The annual precipitation in Brazil ranges from 200 mm in the dry East to more than 2,000 mm in the Amazon. Paraná and Mato Grosso, the regions of the typical farms within the agri benchmark network, are located in areas which receive between 1,000 and 2,000 mm/year.
In the tropical regions of the North the annual average temperature can reach up to 30 °C. In the southern states e.g. Paraná subtropical climate prevails and thus temperature ranges around moderate 15 - 21 °C.
Brazilian preservation rates for legal reserve In 1965, the Brazilian government has introduced mandatory rates (Law n. 4771/65) how much land must be reserved for environmental purposes. According to the current legislation, last changed in 2001, farmers in Paraná shall put 20 % of their land aside and in the southern part of Mato Grosso, relevant to the typical farm, 35 %. In the Amazon Forest this goes up to 80 %. As of 2012, negotiations are on the way to reduce these rates for the future. Source: ICONE after IBGE and MMA Authors: Kathrin Strohm, Daniel Velazco Bedoya and Mauro Osaki, May 2012
1
Land use in Brazil
Land use in Brazil, 2010 Other 10 %
Cropland (2006) 7%
Water and cities 4%
Grassland (2006) 19 %
Looking at Brazil as a whole, the majority of the national territory is covered with woodland (48 %) and further 12 % with indigenous land, mainly forests. So far, large landscapes are occupied with grassland (19 %). Cropland in the end makes up only 7 % of the total area.
Indigenous land 12 %
Woodland 48 %
Source: IBGE 2011, MMA 2011, ABRAF 2011, ICONE
Agricultural Land Use Brazil 2010
Agricultural land use in Brazil 70 60
Mio ha
50 40 30 20 10 0 1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
soybean
corn*
sugar cane
beans*
wheat
cassava
sorghum
others**
2010
rice
At national level, the area planted in Brazil with the eight most important crops increased from 42.9 Mio. ha to 56.6 Mio. ha (+ 32 %) during the last 20 years. However, in this figure hectares under double cropping, e.g. corn and beans, are counted twice. In 1990, the share of corn as a second crop amounted to 6 % and rose to 35 % in 2008. Both, soybean and sugar cane more than doubled its acreage while most of the increase occurred since 2001. Together with corn, the share of these three most important crops in the total planted area rose from 61 % in 1990 up to 77 % in 2010.
Source: IBGE-PAM 2011, planted area; *partially double cropping; **Sum of all termporal crops minus 8 mentioned crops, in particular cotton
ShareShare of ofarea planted with soybean, area planted with soybean, corn and sugarcorn and sugar cane in important states, 2010
% of total planted area
cane in important states, 2010
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
São Paulo
Mato Grosso do Sul
Mato Grosso
Goiás
soybean
corn
Minas Gerais
Paraná
sugar cane
In general, agricultural production in Brazil is dominated by only a few major states. While São Paulo is the sugar cane state, occupying almost 75 % of its total planted area, five states among them Mato Grosso and Paraná are very strong in soybean production which on average covers more than 50 % of their land.
Rio Grande do Sul
Source: IBGE-PAM 2011
Authors: Kathrin Strohm, Daniel Velazco Bedoya and Mauro Osaki, May 2012
2
of most important states in soybean area, 2010 Share Share of most important states in soybean area, 2010 2% 4%
4% 2% 2% 27 %
The pie chart on the left shows the dominance of the four major soybean states. In 2010, Mato Grosso comprised 27 % of the Brazilian land sown with soybean. Three further states obtained values above 10 %, namely Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Goiás.
4% 7%
10 % 19 % 17 % Mato Grosso
Paraná
Rio Grande do Sul
Goiás
Mato Grosso do Sul
Minas Gerais
Bahia
São Paulo
Maranhão
Santa Catarina
Others
Source: IBGE-PAM 2011
Shareof of most important states states in corn area, Share most important in corn area, 2010 2010
15 %
17 %
4% 4% 16 %
6%
Regarding corn the picture looks similar. Here, Paraná, Mato Grosso and Rio Grande do Sul are also on the top as well as Minas Gerais.
6% 9%
7% 7%
9%
Paraná
Mato Grosso
Minas Gerais
Rio Grande do Sul
Mato Grosso do Sul
Goiás
Bahia
São Paulo
Santa Catarina
Ceará
Others
Source: IBGE-PAM 2011 Share of most important states in sugar cane area, 2010
Share of most important states in sugar cane area, 2010 2,3 % 3,9 %
8,0 %
4,4 % 4,7 % 6,3 %
55,3 %
6,8 % 8,1 %
São Paulo
Minas Gerais
Paraná
Goiás
Alagoas
Mato Grosso do Sul
Pernambuco
Mato Grosso
Others
Given that sugar cane occupies more than 70 % of the cropland in São Paulo it is not surprising that it dominates the sugarcane production across Brazil. This one state alone provides 55 % of the sugarcane area. Further important states are Minas Gerais, Paraná and Goiás. Besides the states in the south central region of Brazil Alagoas and Pernambuco in the Northeast are among the states with relevant crop shares.
Source: IBGE-PAM 2011
Authors: Kathrin Strohm, Daniel Velazco Bedoya and Mauro Osaki, May 2012
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