Astronomers CTDR
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ASTRONOMERS CHAPTERS 1 & 2 Vocabulary • Use context clues to determine word meaning: What does the word doubt mean in this book? Let’s find clues for the meaning of this word on pages 7–8. (did not make sense; no explanation; became curious)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: What are star patterns called? (constellations, p. 4) • Identify facts and details: In what country was Nicolaus Copernicus born? (Poland, p. 6)
LEVEL 40/R
published a book in 1543
talked to his closest friends M
M
Copernicus’ ideas about the universe
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension • Identify cause and effect: Why did Copernicus believe that the planets revolved around the Sun? (They sometimes appeared to be moving backward in the sky; the movements of the planets did not make sense if they revolved around Earth. pp. 7–8) • Identify supporting details: Copernicus shared his ideas about the universe by... Use a semantic web for help in answering this question. (talking about them with his closest friends; writing a book in 1515; explaining to the religious leaders that he was wondering about things; publishing a book in 1543, pp. 9–10)
M
explained to religious leaders
M
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension wrote a book in 1515
• Summarize or paraphrase information: How can you summarize what the Greek astronomers noticed about the stars? (Some stars were in patterns that moved around the sky, but always looked the same. p. 4) • Analyze character: From information on pages 6–8, you can tell that Copernicus... (Answer: was curious and wanted to learn; Clues/Evidence: At school, astronomy really interested him, so he spent a lot of time studying the planets and the ways they moved in the sky.) • Make inferences: You can infer that during the time Copernicus lived, the church... (Answer: was very powerful; Clues/Evidence: Anyone who disobeyed church law could be put to death. p. 9)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Evaluate author’s purpose:Why did the author include information about the religious leaders in the 1500s? (to show readers that the influence of the church kept information about the universe from being shared)
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CHAPTER 3 Vocabulary • Use context clues to determine word meaning: What does the word legend mean in this book? Let’s find clues for the meaning of this word on page 15. (there is no record of it; it is said)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: What did Galileo see on the Moon when he looked through his first telescope? (craters and mountains, p. 17)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension saw four moons circling Jupiter
M
noticed that Venus seemed to be circling the Sun M
became convinced that the Sun was the center of the universe M
published two books of his findings
• Identify sequence or steps in a process: What happened after Galileo built his own telescope? Use a flowchart for help in answering this question. (After he saw four moons circling Jupiter and noticed that Venus looked like it was moving around the Sun, he became convinced that the Sun was the center of the universe; he published two books of his findings and was punished by the religious leaders. pp. 16–20) • Use text features to locate information: Why are four of Jupiter’s moons called the Galilean moons? (They are the four that Galileo discovered. p. 18)
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension • Draw conclusions: You can conclude that the invention of the telescope helped Galileo... (Answer: discover things; Clues/Evidence: A telescope magnified things and made it possible to see things never before seen; Galileo looked through a telescope and saw the Moon’s craters and mountains; he also saw Jupiter’s four moons. pp. 16–18) • Analyze character: You can tell by the fact that he published his work that Galileo was... (Answer: brave; Clues/Evidence: He continued to support Copernicus’ findings that the Sun, not Earth, was the center of the universe, even though the church renounced Copernicus and put Galileo in prison for refusing to renounce him. p. 20)
M
punished by the religious leaders
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Analyze text structure and organization: How does the author organize the information about Galileo’s life? (in chronological order, beginning with his birth, p. 13)
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CHAPTERS 4 & 5 Vocabulary • Use context clues to determine word meaning: What does the phrase pushing the boundaries mean in this book? Let’s find clues for the meaning of this phrase on page 30. (mapping distant stars, moons, and planets; learn about the universe; solve new mysteries)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: Who discovered the mathematical formula to explain the motion of the planets around the Sun? (Johannes Kepler, p. 24)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension • Use graphic features to interpret information: Which planet has the most elliptical path around the Sun? (Pluto, p. 25) • Identify cause and effect: How did Annie Jump Cannon discover five novas and almost 300 stars? Use a cause-and-effect chart for help in answering this question. (She was examining photos in order to catalog objects in space. p. 28)
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension • Analyze character: You can tell from the things he did that Johannes Kepler was… (Answer: very smart; Clues/Evidence: He taught himself astronomy and mathematics; he solved the puzzle of the shape of the planets’ orbits around the Sun; he bridged the gap between old and new beliefs about the universe. pp. 23–26) • Identify main idea: What is Chapter 5 mostly about? (Answer: famous astronomers of the times; Clues/Evidence: It tells of original astronomers Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler, and of more modern ones: Maria Mitchell, Annie Jump Cannon, Edwin Hubble, and Carl Sagan. pp. 27–29)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Evaluate author’s point of view: Readers can tell from the way the book ends that the author believes... (Answer: there are still many discoveries to be made in outer space; Clues/Evidence: Today’s astronomers are pushing the boundaries; as future astronomers look to the stars, there will be many new mysteries to solve.)
CAUSE:
Annie Jump Cannon examined photos while cataloging objects in space.
M EFFECT:
She discovered five novas and almost 300 stars.
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TIPS FOR ANSWERING TEXT-DEPENDENT QUESTIONS
Vocabulary
Reread and look for clues to help you define the unfamiliar word. Can you find a synonym, a definition, text clues, or picture clues?
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension
The answers are right in the text. Reread to locate facts and details to answer the questions.
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
The answers are in the text, but you may need to look in more than one place to find them.
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension
You’ll have to be a detective. You won’t find the exact answers to these questions, but you will find clues and evidence to support your inferences and conclusions.
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension
As you reread, ask yourself, “How did the author organize the information? Why did she/he write the book?”
Navigators Grade 4 Set A Copyright © 2011 Benchmark Education Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This card may be photocopied for classroom use only. Based on the Comprehension Through Deductive Reasoning Model developed by Margaret Kilgo.
11/23/10
2:39 PM
Page 13
ASTRONOMERS CHAPTERS 1 & 2 Vocabulary • Use context clues to determine word meaning: What does the word doubt mean in this book? Let’s find clues for the meaning of this word on pages 7–8. (did not make sense; no explanation; became curious)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: What are star patterns called? (constellations, p. 4) • Identify facts and details: In what country was Nicolaus Copernicus born? (Poland, p. 6)
LEVEL 40/R
published a book in 1543
talked to his closest friends M
M
Copernicus’ ideas about the universe
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension • Identify cause and effect: Why did Copernicus believe that the planets revolved around the Sun? (They sometimes appeared to be moving backward in the sky; the movements of the planets did not make sense if they revolved around Earth. pp. 7–8) • Identify supporting details: Copernicus shared his ideas about the universe by... Use a semantic web for help in answering this question. (talking about them with his closest friends; writing a book in 1515; explaining to the religious leaders that he was wondering about things; publishing a book in 1543, pp. 9–10)
M
explained to religious leaders
M
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension wrote a book in 1515
• Summarize or paraphrase information: How can you summarize what the Greek astronomers noticed about the stars? (Some stars were in patterns that moved around the sky, but always looked the same. p. 4) • Analyze character: From information on pages 6–8, you can tell that Copernicus... (Answer: was curious and wanted to learn; Clues/Evidence: At school, astronomy really interested him, so he spent a lot of time studying the planets and the ways they moved in the sky.) • Make inferences: You can infer that during the time Copernicus lived, the church... (Answer: was very powerful; Clues/Evidence: Anyone who disobeyed church law could be put to death. p. 9)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Evaluate author’s purpose:Why did the author include information about the religious leaders in the 1500s? (to show readers that the influence of the church kept information about the universe from being shared)
33327-33464_A_CTDR.qxd:Nav A Gr4 CTDR cards
11/23/10
2:39 PM
Page 14
CHAPTER 3 Vocabulary • Use context clues to determine word meaning: What does the word legend mean in this book? Let’s find clues for the meaning of this word on page 15. (there is no record of it; it is said)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: What did Galileo see on the Moon when he looked through his first telescope? (craters and mountains, p. 17)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension saw four moons circling Jupiter
M
noticed that Venus seemed to be circling the Sun M
became convinced that the Sun was the center of the universe M
published two books of his findings
• Identify sequence or steps in a process: What happened after Galileo built his own telescope? Use a flowchart for help in answering this question. (After he saw four moons circling Jupiter and noticed that Venus looked like it was moving around the Sun, he became convinced that the Sun was the center of the universe; he published two books of his findings and was punished by the religious leaders. pp. 16–20) • Use text features to locate information: Why are four of Jupiter’s moons called the Galilean moons? (They are the four that Galileo discovered. p. 18)
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension • Draw conclusions: You can conclude that the invention of the telescope helped Galileo... (Answer: discover things; Clues/Evidence: A telescope magnified things and made it possible to see things never before seen; Galileo looked through a telescope and saw the Moon’s craters and mountains; he also saw Jupiter’s four moons. pp. 16–18) • Analyze character: You can tell by the fact that he published his work that Galileo was... (Answer: brave; Clues/Evidence: He continued to support Copernicus’ findings that the Sun, not Earth, was the center of the universe, even though the church renounced Copernicus and put Galileo in prison for refusing to renounce him. p. 20)
M
punished by the religious leaders
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Analyze text structure and organization: How does the author organize the information about Galileo’s life? (in chronological order, beginning with his birth, p. 13)
33327-33464_A_CTDR.qxd:Nav A Gr4 CTDR cards
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2:39 PM
Page 15
CHAPTERS 4 & 5 Vocabulary • Use context clues to determine word meaning: What does the phrase pushing the boundaries mean in this book? Let’s find clues for the meaning of this phrase on page 30. (mapping distant stars, moons, and planets; learn about the universe; solve new mysteries)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: Who discovered the mathematical formula to explain the motion of the planets around the Sun? (Johannes Kepler, p. 24)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension • Use graphic features to interpret information: Which planet has the most elliptical path around the Sun? (Pluto, p. 25) • Identify cause and effect: How did Annie Jump Cannon discover five novas and almost 300 stars? Use a cause-and-effect chart for help in answering this question. (She was examining photos in order to catalog objects in space. p. 28)
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension • Analyze character: You can tell from the things he did that Johannes Kepler was… (Answer: very smart; Clues/Evidence: He taught himself astronomy and mathematics; he solved the puzzle of the shape of the planets’ orbits around the Sun; he bridged the gap between old and new beliefs about the universe. pp. 23–26) • Identify main idea: What is Chapter 5 mostly about? (Answer: famous astronomers of the times; Clues/Evidence: It tells of original astronomers Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler, and of more modern ones: Maria Mitchell, Annie Jump Cannon, Edwin Hubble, and Carl Sagan. pp. 27–29)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Evaluate author’s point of view: Readers can tell from the way the book ends that the author believes... (Answer: there are still many discoveries to be made in outer space; Clues/Evidence: Today’s astronomers are pushing the boundaries; as future astronomers look to the stars, there will be many new mysteries to solve.)
CAUSE:
Annie Jump Cannon examined photos while cataloging objects in space.
M EFFECT:
She discovered five novas and almost 300 stars.
33327-33464_A_CTDR.qxd:Nav A Gr4 CTDR cards
11/23/10
2:39 PM
Page 16
TIPS FOR ANSWERING TEXT-DEPENDENT QUESTIONS
Vocabulary
Reread and look for clues to help you define the unfamiliar word. Can you find a synonym, a definition, text clues, or picture clues?
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension
The answers are right in the text. Reread to locate facts and details to answer the questions.
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
The answers are in the text, but you may need to look in more than one place to find them.
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension
You’ll have to be a detective. You won’t find the exact answers to these questions, but you will find clues and evidence to support your inferences and conclusions.
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension
As you reread, ask yourself, “How did the author organize the information? Why did she/he write the book?”
Navigators Grade 4 Set A Copyright © 2011 Benchmark Education Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This card may be photocopied for classroom use only. Based on the Comprehension Through Deductive Reasoning Model developed by Margaret Kilgo.
