Astronomy Science notes2.pdf
Astronomy
Name ________________________________________ # ________
Date ____/____/____
SWBAT understand the locations, movements, and patterns of stars and objects in the solar system. Astronomy- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - What is astronomy? Astronomy is the ____________ of objects in our ______________ _________________ and beyond.
What do solar systems have? A solar system includes a sun (_________) and other objects that orbit that sun. o Example: planets
Planets in our night sky change positions and can’t always be seen from Earth.
The Sun - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - What is the Sun? It’s the star at the ___________ of the solar system. It’s the most important source of _______________ for life on Earth. The sun is a __________ (a large ball of glowing gases). The planets ______________ around it. It appears brighter than other stars because it’s closer to Earth. The sun’s atmosphere glows and gives off light. The sun produces and gives off heat and light. Earth receives the heat and light once they’ve traveled through space. It is the sources of almost ALL ______________ on Earth! Plants use the sun’s energy to make _________ energy. Its energy causes _______________ conditions on Earth. The heat from the sun causes water on Earth to ____________________.
Its energy is stored in _____________________ (e.g. coal, oil, natural gas).
Astronomy
Name ________________________________ # _______
Date ____/____/____
Planets - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Planets in our Solar System We live on the planet Earth. There are _____ planets in our solar system.
o Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Each planet ____________ around the _________. They vary in distance. Some planets are ____________ to the sun than us (Earth) and
others are farther away.
The Inner Planets The ____________ planets have _____________ surfaces.
Mercury, Venus, Earth and _________ are rocky planets.
The Outer Planets The ____________ planets have a surface made of _______. They’re called _______________________. _______________, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are gas giants.
Planet: Earth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Facts about Earth It’s the ____________ planet from the sun. It _______________ millions of miles from the sun. It has one moon. It is a _________________ planet and has water on it. It has an _____________________________ of gases around it.
Facts about Earth’s Moon It’s the natural ____________________ that orbits the Earth. Its rocky and dusty surface is covered with _______________. It has no water. It has _______ atmosphere.
Astronomy
Name ________________________________ # _______
Date ____/____/____
Phases - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The Appearance of the Moon from Earth The Moon ______________ light from the Sun. __________ of the Moon is always ___ by the Sun.
Why does the Moon appear to change shape? The Moon does NOT change shape. The Moon only ______________ to change in shape. Each phase is determined by the amount of reflected light from the Moon that is seen
from Earth. The cycle of the Moon’s phases lasts about __________ weeks (29 ½ days).
Moon Phase _________ Moon
Description
Picture
The side of the Moon facing Earth is ________.
_______ of the side of the Moon facing Earth is
_____________ (Half) Moon
lighted and the other half is dark (looks like a half circle).
** There are ______ quarter
moon phases in each cycle.
_________ Moon
_____________ Moon
First Quarter
Last Quarter
The side of the Moon facing Earth is _______________. The Moon looks like a full circle.
A small section of the Moon facing Earth is lighted. It’s smaller than the Quarter Moon. Waning Crescent
Waxing Crescent
Astronomy
Name ________________________________ # _______
Date ____/____/____
The Moon & Tides - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
What are tides? The steady rise and fall of ocean water levels. What causes tides? Because of _______________, the Earth and Moon “______” on each other. The Moon’s pull on Earth makes __________. o
This means that the surface level of the ocean rises and falls because of the Moon’s pull on Earth.
What are High Tides? The bigger bulge represents the high tides. This occurs two times a day when the
What are High Tides? The smaller bulge represents the low tides. This occurs between high tides.
ocean ____________ level is the ___________________.
What do you notice?
What do you wonder?
Astronomy
Name ________________________________________
Constellations
# ________
Date ____/____/____
SWBAT obtain and communicate information to describe how constellations appear to move from Earth’s view as the seasons change. What are Constellations? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - What are constellations? Constellations are ____________ that are beyond the solar system that can be seen in the night sky in ___________________.
Why do constellations appear to move? Due to Earth’s ___________________, the stars appear to move together across the sky. As Earth moves, stars are sometimes ________________ from our view. How are constellations used for navigation? Constellations can be used for navigation. When people first started to study the stars, they made ______________ of the stars to use for navigation. They used the maps to find their way through unknown lands, as well as ___________ the seasons.
Astronomy
Name ________________________________________
Constellations
# ________
Date ____/____/____
Examples of Constellations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Name of
Constellation
Ursa
Meaning of the Name
(in Latin)
Major
Ursa
Minor
Additional
Information It can be seen throughout the year in the northern hemisphere. Also known as the ________ _____________.
It can be seen in the northern sky.
Also known as the ___________ Dipper.
The star at the end of the dipper handle is Polaris, the _______________.
(in Latin)
It’s visible throughout the world.
Orion
(in Latin)
Image of
Constellation
Astronomy
Name ________________________________ # _______
Date ____/____/____
Astronomy in Navigation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tools and Technology There are tools and technology that are important to the navigation and
exploration of astronomy. We use tools that help us study various objects in outer space.
o telescope o ________________ o compass o sextant Tool
Description
telescope
This tool allows faraway objects seem brighter and ____________.
astrolabe
This compact instrument helps us to ______________ and calculate the position of celestial bodies.
compass
This navigational instrument shows us directions. o Four Cardinal Directions (points): north, south, east, west
sextant
This navigational instrument helps us ________________ the angle between any two visible objects. This instrument is commonly used to figure out the angle between a celestial object and the horizon (the objects altitude).
Illustration
Astronomy
Name ________________________________ # _______
Date ____/____/____
Day and Night - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - What causes day and night? Earth _____________ (or spins) on its axis and completes one rotation in ____ hours. Earth rotates from west to east, therefore, the Sun appears to ______ in the ______
and set in the west. The side of Earth facing the Sun is lit and
therefore experiences _______. The side of Earth not facing the Sun
experiences ____________.
Shadows - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - What causes shadows? Objects on Earth cast shadows. Shadows help show Earth’s _____________. The __________ of the sun determines the ____________ of the shadow an object casts. Morning Shadows The Sun appears low in the sky and objects cast ___________ shadows.
Noon Shadows The Sun appears overhead in the sky and objects cast short shadows or no shadow at all.
Evening Shadows The Sun appears lower in the sky and objects cast long shadows again.
Astronomy
Name ________________________________ # _______
Date ____/____/____
Seasons - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - What causes the seasons? • Earth ______________ around the Sun one time in a year, about _______ days. • Earth has ________ seasons because Earth’s axis is ________ (23 ½ degrees). • An axis is an _____________ straight line that runs through the center of the planet. •
Because of the tilt, the number of daylight hours ______________ throughout the year.
•
As the Earth Revolves around the Sun, different parts of the Earth get ___________.
•
As Earth revolves around the Sun, different parts of Earth get more sunlight.
•
The ______ of the axis causes the northern or southern part of Earth to point to the Sun.
•
The order of the seasons during the year is ______________, autumn, winter, and spring.
Summer Summer occurs when
Spring/Fall Autumn (fall) and Spring
Winter Winter occurs when part
part of Earth is pointed
occur when neither part
of Earth is tilted away
_____________ the Sun.
of Earth is pointed toward
from the Sun.
When it is summer in the
or away from the Sun.
United States, winter is occurring in South America and Australia.
Name ________________________________________ # ________
Date ____/____/____
SWBAT understand the locations, movements, and patterns of stars and objects in the solar system. Astronomy- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - What is astronomy? Astronomy is the ____________ of objects in our ______________ _________________ and beyond.
What do solar systems have? A solar system includes a sun (_________) and other objects that orbit that sun. o Example: planets
Planets in our night sky change positions and can’t always be seen from Earth.
The Sun - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - What is the Sun? It’s the star at the ___________ of the solar system. It’s the most important source of _______________ for life on Earth. The sun is a __________ (a large ball of glowing gases). The planets ______________ around it. It appears brighter than other stars because it’s closer to Earth. The sun’s atmosphere glows and gives off light. The sun produces and gives off heat and light. Earth receives the heat and light once they’ve traveled through space. It is the sources of almost ALL ______________ on Earth! Plants use the sun’s energy to make _________ energy. Its energy causes _______________ conditions on Earth. The heat from the sun causes water on Earth to ____________________.
Its energy is stored in _____________________ (e.g. coal, oil, natural gas).
Astronomy
Name ________________________________ # _______
Date ____/____/____
Planets - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Planets in our Solar System We live on the planet Earth. There are _____ planets in our solar system.
o Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Each planet ____________ around the _________. They vary in distance. Some planets are ____________ to the sun than us (Earth) and
others are farther away.
The Inner Planets The ____________ planets have _____________ surfaces.
Mercury, Venus, Earth and _________ are rocky planets.
The Outer Planets The ____________ planets have a surface made of _______. They’re called _______________________. _______________, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are gas giants.
Planet: Earth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Facts about Earth It’s the ____________ planet from the sun. It _______________ millions of miles from the sun. It has one moon. It is a _________________ planet and has water on it. It has an _____________________________ of gases around it.
Facts about Earth’s Moon It’s the natural ____________________ that orbits the Earth. Its rocky and dusty surface is covered with _______________. It has no water. It has _______ atmosphere.
Astronomy
Name ________________________________ # _______
Date ____/____/____
Phases - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The Appearance of the Moon from Earth The Moon ______________ light from the Sun. __________ of the Moon is always ___ by the Sun.
Why does the Moon appear to change shape? The Moon does NOT change shape. The Moon only ______________ to change in shape. Each phase is determined by the amount of reflected light from the Moon that is seen
from Earth. The cycle of the Moon’s phases lasts about __________ weeks (29 ½ days).
Moon Phase _________ Moon
Description
Picture
The side of the Moon facing Earth is ________.
_______ of the side of the Moon facing Earth is
_____________ (Half) Moon
lighted and the other half is dark (looks like a half circle).
** There are ______ quarter
moon phases in each cycle.
_________ Moon
_____________ Moon
First Quarter
Last Quarter
The side of the Moon facing Earth is _______________. The Moon looks like a full circle.
A small section of the Moon facing Earth is lighted. It’s smaller than the Quarter Moon. Waning Crescent
Waxing Crescent
Astronomy
Name ________________________________ # _______
Date ____/____/____
The Moon & Tides - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
What are tides? The steady rise and fall of ocean water levels. What causes tides? Because of _______________, the Earth and Moon “______” on each other. The Moon’s pull on Earth makes __________. o
This means that the surface level of the ocean rises and falls because of the Moon’s pull on Earth.
What are High Tides? The bigger bulge represents the high tides. This occurs two times a day when the
What are High Tides? The smaller bulge represents the low tides. This occurs between high tides.
ocean ____________ level is the ___________________.
What do you notice?
What do you wonder?
Astronomy
Name ________________________________________
Constellations
# ________
Date ____/____/____
SWBAT obtain and communicate information to describe how constellations appear to move from Earth’s view as the seasons change. What are Constellations? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - What are constellations? Constellations are ____________ that are beyond the solar system that can be seen in the night sky in ___________________.
Why do constellations appear to move? Due to Earth’s ___________________, the stars appear to move together across the sky. As Earth moves, stars are sometimes ________________ from our view. How are constellations used for navigation? Constellations can be used for navigation. When people first started to study the stars, they made ______________ of the stars to use for navigation. They used the maps to find their way through unknown lands, as well as ___________ the seasons.
Astronomy
Name ________________________________________
Constellations
# ________
Date ____/____/____
Examples of Constellations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Name of
Constellation
Ursa
Meaning of the Name
(in Latin)
Major
Ursa
Minor
Additional
Information It can be seen throughout the year in the northern hemisphere. Also known as the ________ _____________.
It can be seen in the northern sky.
Also known as the ___________ Dipper.
The star at the end of the dipper handle is Polaris, the _______________.
(in Latin)
It’s visible throughout the world.
Orion
(in Latin)
Image of
Constellation
Astronomy
Name ________________________________ # _______
Date ____/____/____
Astronomy in Navigation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tools and Technology There are tools and technology that are important to the navigation and
exploration of astronomy. We use tools that help us study various objects in outer space.
o telescope o ________________ o compass o sextant Tool
Description
telescope
This tool allows faraway objects seem brighter and ____________.
astrolabe
This compact instrument helps us to ______________ and calculate the position of celestial bodies.
compass
This navigational instrument shows us directions. o Four Cardinal Directions (points): north, south, east, west
sextant
This navigational instrument helps us ________________ the angle between any two visible objects. This instrument is commonly used to figure out the angle between a celestial object and the horizon (the objects altitude).
Illustration
Astronomy
Name ________________________________ # _______
Date ____/____/____
Day and Night - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - What causes day and night? Earth _____________ (or spins) on its axis and completes one rotation in ____ hours. Earth rotates from west to east, therefore, the Sun appears to ______ in the ______
and set in the west. The side of Earth facing the Sun is lit and
therefore experiences _______. The side of Earth not facing the Sun
experiences ____________.
Shadows - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - What causes shadows? Objects on Earth cast shadows. Shadows help show Earth’s _____________. The __________ of the sun determines the ____________ of the shadow an object casts. Morning Shadows The Sun appears low in the sky and objects cast ___________ shadows.
Noon Shadows The Sun appears overhead in the sky and objects cast short shadows or no shadow at all.
Evening Shadows The Sun appears lower in the sky and objects cast long shadows again.
Astronomy
Name ________________________________ # _______
Date ____/____/____
Seasons - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - What causes the seasons? • Earth ______________ around the Sun one time in a year, about _______ days. • Earth has ________ seasons because Earth’s axis is ________ (23 ½ degrees). • An axis is an _____________ straight line that runs through the center of the planet. •
Because of the tilt, the number of daylight hours ______________ throughout the year.
•
As the Earth Revolves around the Sun, different parts of the Earth get ___________.
•
As Earth revolves around the Sun, different parts of Earth get more sunlight.
•
The ______ of the axis causes the northern or southern part of Earth to point to the Sun.
•
The order of the seasons during the year is ______________, autumn, winter, and spring.
Summer Summer occurs when
Spring/Fall Autumn (fall) and Spring
Winter Winter occurs when part
part of Earth is pointed
occur when neither part
of Earth is tilted away
_____________ the Sun.
of Earth is pointed toward
from the Sun.
When it is summer in the
or away from the Sun.
United States, winter is occurring in South America and Australia.
