basin 1 broad river
BASIN 1 BROAD RIVER BASIN DESCRIPTION The Broad River Basin is located mostly in South Carolina. The 1511 square miles of the Broad River Basin located in North Carolina are the headwaters of the river. Many small streams draining the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Henderson, Buncombe, and McDowell counties merge to form the Green River and Broad River which merge east of the Town of Green River, in Polk County. As the Broad flows easterly through Rutherford and Cleveland counties, it is joined by the First Broad and Second Broad Rivers before turning south and flowing into South Carolina. Buffalo Creek, which drains eastern Cleveland County, merges with the main stem a few miles into South Carolina. The Broad River merges with the Saluda River near Columbia, South Carolina to form the Congaree River, which flows into Lake Marion and eventually into the Atlantic Ocean.
water from this basin and their water use for 1992. 1992 LWSP System Water Use from Basin (mgd) Sub-basin Broad River
LWSP Population
Residential Use
Non-residential Use
Total Use*
75,370
6.04
10.25
19.4
*Total Use also includes unaccounted-for water and sales to other systems.
WATER USE Factors Affecting Water Demand This basin is home to about 2.5% of the state’s residents and contains all or part of 29 municipalities in 8 counties. No major metropolitan areas are located in this basin. From 1990 to 1997 year-round population in four counties in this basin grew by 10% or more. Total Water Use in Basin The U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) 1995 summary of water use estimated total water use in the basin was estimated at 50 million gallons per day (mgd), with about 83% coming from surface water sources. Total basin population was estimated at 181,380 with total residential demand estimated at 11.8 mgd. Sixty percent of the residential demand was served by public water supply systems. Overall, public water systems supplied 1.3 mgd from groundwater and 22.7 mgd from surface water for both residential and nonresidential uses. The remaining residential water demand was met by 4.7 mgd of self-supplied ground water. In addition, there was about 20.9 mgd of self-supplied water withdrawn for non-residential uses. Local Water Supply Plans (LWSPs) Units of local government that supply or plan to supply water to the public are required to develop a LWSP. The Division of Water Resources (DWR) reviews LWSPs and maintains a database of the LWSP information. The current database reflects water use information for 1992. LWSPs were submitted by 19 public water systems having service area or using water from this basin. These systems supplied 29 mgd of water to 131,622 persons. Since 4 of these systems have service areas that extend into adjacent river basins, DWR estimated that 75,370 of the 131,622 persons served by these 19 LWSP systems received water from this basin. Of the 29 mgd supplied by these 19 LWSP systems, 19.4 mgd comes from water sources in the Broad River Basin, with the remainder coming from adjoining basins. The following table summarizes the LWSP population served with
Residential uses accounted for 31% of the total water usage in these systems. Non-residential water use accounted for 52% and unaccounted-for water use represented 11% of the total water use by these systems. Considerable growth in population and water use is expected in this basin. LWSP systems expect to supply water to 219,206 persons by the year 2020, a 67% increase over 1992 levels. Their demand is projected to increase from 29 mgd to almost 54 mgd by 2020, an 84% increase. In the 1992 LWSPs, only one of the 19 systems using water from this basin reported that available supply was not adequate to meet estimated demand through 2002. Given the amount of time required to bring expanded supplies on line and the natural limitations on the amount of water available, DWR encourages systems to begin planning to manage and meet future water demands before average daily water use reaches 80% of a system’s available supply. Data for 1992 indicated that 2 of the 19 LWSP systems in this basin had an average demand above this threshold. By 2020, 4 systems project demand levels that will exceed 80% of their available supply. Self-supplied Use Not everyone gets water from a community water system. Many households and some commercial and industrial operations supply their own water. The USGS estimated that self-supplied users, excluding power generating facilities, accounted for 25.6 mgd of the 50 mgd total of water used from this basin, as shown in the table below. Industrial use comprised half of the self-supplied uses, followed by irrigation (24%), domestic (18%), livestock (7%), and commercial (1%). USGS Estimated Self-supplied Water Use in mgd Sub-basin
Broad River
Domestic
Livestock
Industrial
Commercial
Irrigation
Total
4.74
1.74
12.75
0.27
6.11
25.61
Registered Water Withdrawals Before 1999, anyone withdrawing 1.0 mgd or more of surface or ground water was required to registered that withdrawal with DWR. In this basin there are 6 registered withdrawals other than LWSP systems or power generating facilities, with the cumulative capacity to withdraw 12 mgd. In 1999, the registration threshold for all water uses except agriculture was lowered to 100,000 gallons per day. March 1, 2000 is the deadline for registering 1999 withdrawals. WATER AVAILABILITY Surface water is used to meet the majority of overall water needs in the Broad River Basin. LWSPs indicate that 6 water systems in this basin withdraw about 17.8 mgd of surface water. Surface water will continue to be the primary source of water for most of the residents of the basin. Local water supply plans show that 2 systems rely on reservoirs for all or part of their water supply. The combined demand on these reservoirs averaged about 5.9 mgd in 1992. The estimated available supply from these reservoirs, based on the 20-year safe yield reported in local water supply plans, is 48.5 mgd. The total amount useable at any point in time depends on the capacity of systems to treat and distribute water. Five of the surface water systems submitting local water supply plans have run-of-river withdrawals. Tryon has 3 run-of-river intakes for emergency use as well as an intake on Lake Lanier. These run-of-river intakes supplied about 12 mgd of water in 1992. The available supply from these intakes, based on information reported in local water supply plans, is about 37.2 mgd. The Town of Shelby and the Cleveland County Sanitary District, which both rely on the First Broad River for water supply, have withdrawal limits set by DWR based on instream flow needs. The Cleveland County Sanitary District is limited to 10 mgd and the Town of Shelby may withdraw up to 18 mgd as long as a flow of 25 cfs is maintained downstream of their intake. Six LWSP systems supplied 0.8 mgd of ground water to their customers in 1992. The combined 12-hour yield reported by these systems is 1.8 mgd.
SUMMARY OF INFORMATION FROM 1992 LWSPs !Per capita water use was 226 gallons per day (gpd) in 1992 and is projected to remain unchanged through 2010. !Two systems are not connected to another water supply system. !Four systems rely on purchase water as their sole supply. !Several plans are not compatible due to discrepancies with interconnection data. !These systems used about 18 mgd of surface water and about 1 mgd of ground water. !The reported raw water supply was 85.7 mgd surface water and a 12-hour groundwater supply of 1.8 mgd. !There is one county-wide system, Cleveland County Sanitary District. !Six systems were planning new supplies in the 1992 LWSPs. !The systems are projecting significant growth, 67% in population and 84% in demand, through 2020. !About 11 mgd of additional water supply will be needed by water systems to ensure that water demands in 2010 do not exceed 80% of available supply. !Demand-to-Supply Ratios for 1992 and 2010:
# of Systems reporting # of Systems reporting ratio > 1 # of Systems reporting ratio > 0.8 # of Systems reporting ratio > 0.5
1992 19 1 2 5
2010 19 2 3 7
INTERBASIN TRANSFERS OF SURFACE WATER Across the state many water systems move surface water between sub-basins to meet their needs. The table below indicates the number of identified interbasin transfers associated with this basin. Potential Interbasin Transfers based on 1992 data Sub-basin Broad River
Number
mgd OUT
mgd IN
6
0.683
0.103
Interbasin transfer may become more of an issue for the Broad River Basin as water systems in and near the basin pursue additional water supplies, especially if water is purchased from other systems.
January 2000 Draft State Water Supply Plan DENR, Division of Water Resources
Caldwell Co S Rhodhiss Drexel
Morganton
MCDOWELL COUNTY
Valdese Icard Township WC Long View Brookford
Weaverville
BUNCOMBE COUNTY
BURKE COUNTY
Marion
Hickory
Burke Co.
Montreat
Woodfin
Black Mountain
3-1 Catawba River
Old Fort
3-2 South Fork Catawba River
Asheville
Biltmore Forest
1-1 Broad River
5-2 French Broad River
Cleveland Co SD
Lake Lure
RUTHERFORD COUNTY
HENDERSON COUNTY
Forest City
Fallston
Lawndale
Bostic
Cherryville
Ellenboro
Hendersonville
POLK COUNTY
Laurel Park
Alexander Mills Shelby
Bessemer City
Sandy Mush WA
Saluda Columbus
Kings Mountain Boiling Springs CLEVELAND
Tryon
COUNTY
Grover
SOUTH CAROLINA
Basin 1 Broad River
Miles 0
2
4
6
8
(unshaded basin)
LEGEND County Boundary
Basin Boundary
BROAD RIVER BASIN 1992 and 2010 Population and Water Usage as reported by LWSP systems located in or using water from this basin Water systems showing "Demand as % of Supply" above 80% should be actively planning to control and meet future demand. Water Sources: g - ground water, s - surface water, p - purchased water
1
BROAD RIVER BASIN
Water
County
Water System
Source * g 5,750 g 2,744 s 20,541 g 572 gp 700 s 9,700 g 648 s 19,200 s 4,888 sg 5,440 s 40,000 sgp 1,623 p 565 s 5,400 p 331 p 362 s 9,436 g 675 p 3,047 Total 131,622
BUNCOMBE CLEVELAND
BLACK MOUNTAIN BOILING SPRINGS CLEVELAND CO SD FALLSTON GROVER KINGS MOUNTAIN LAWNDALE SHELBY GASTON BESSEMER CITY CHERRYVILLE HENDERSON HENDERSONVILLE POLK COLUMBUS SALUDA TRYON RUTHERFORD ALEXANDER MILLS BOSTIC FOREST CITY LAKE LURE SANDY MUSH WA
Total Service Population 1992 2010 6,878 3,600 50,000 620 772 10,412 592 24,300 5,921 5,661 59,992 1,834 717 6,170 351 380 10,293 741 3,314 192,548
Total Water Use in mgd 1992 2010 0.57 0.22 1.09 0.04 0.09 5.12 0.04 5.96 2.16 1.66 5.57 0.25 0.11 0.76 0.10 0.05 4.89 0.04 0.32 29
0.63 0.27 2.64 0.04 0.09 6.18 0.04 8.60 6.44 1.73 7.21 0.33 0.15 0.92 0.12 0.06 6.62 0.05 0.42 43
mgd - million gallons per day
Reported Supply in mgd 1992 2010
Demand as % of Supply 1992 2010
0.401 0.2955 5.25 0.12 2.086 42 0.08 17.9 0.53 4.45 6.6 1.292 0.164 2.5 0.333 0.328 10.44 0.092 0.557 95
142% 74% 21% 33% 4% 12% 48% 33% 408% 37% 84% 20% 67% 30% 31% 16% 47% 46% 58%
0.425 2.3955 5.25 0.12 2.086 42 0.08 17.9 0.53 4.45 6.6 1.4 0.164 2.5 0.333 0.328 10.44 0.092 0.557 98
148% 11% 50% 33% 5% 15% 45% 48% 121 39% 109% 23% 88% 37% 35% 17% 63% 52% 75%
water from this basin and their water use for 1992. 1992 LWSP System Water Use from Basin (mgd) Sub-basin Broad River
LWSP Population
Residential Use
Non-residential Use
Total Use*
75,370
6.04
10.25
19.4
*Total Use also includes unaccounted-for water and sales to other systems.
WATER USE Factors Affecting Water Demand This basin is home to about 2.5% of the state’s residents and contains all or part of 29 municipalities in 8 counties. No major metropolitan areas are located in this basin. From 1990 to 1997 year-round population in four counties in this basin grew by 10% or more. Total Water Use in Basin The U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) 1995 summary of water use estimated total water use in the basin was estimated at 50 million gallons per day (mgd), with about 83% coming from surface water sources. Total basin population was estimated at 181,380 with total residential demand estimated at 11.8 mgd. Sixty percent of the residential demand was served by public water supply systems. Overall, public water systems supplied 1.3 mgd from groundwater and 22.7 mgd from surface water for both residential and nonresidential uses. The remaining residential water demand was met by 4.7 mgd of self-supplied ground water. In addition, there was about 20.9 mgd of self-supplied water withdrawn for non-residential uses. Local Water Supply Plans (LWSPs) Units of local government that supply or plan to supply water to the public are required to develop a LWSP. The Division of Water Resources (DWR) reviews LWSPs and maintains a database of the LWSP information. The current database reflects water use information for 1992. LWSPs were submitted by 19 public water systems having service area or using water from this basin. These systems supplied 29 mgd of water to 131,622 persons. Since 4 of these systems have service areas that extend into adjacent river basins, DWR estimated that 75,370 of the 131,622 persons served by these 19 LWSP systems received water from this basin. Of the 29 mgd supplied by these 19 LWSP systems, 19.4 mgd comes from water sources in the Broad River Basin, with the remainder coming from adjoining basins. The following table summarizes the LWSP population served with
Residential uses accounted for 31% of the total water usage in these systems. Non-residential water use accounted for 52% and unaccounted-for water use represented 11% of the total water use by these systems. Considerable growth in population and water use is expected in this basin. LWSP systems expect to supply water to 219,206 persons by the year 2020, a 67% increase over 1992 levels. Their demand is projected to increase from 29 mgd to almost 54 mgd by 2020, an 84% increase. In the 1992 LWSPs, only one of the 19 systems using water from this basin reported that available supply was not adequate to meet estimated demand through 2002. Given the amount of time required to bring expanded supplies on line and the natural limitations on the amount of water available, DWR encourages systems to begin planning to manage and meet future water demands before average daily water use reaches 80% of a system’s available supply. Data for 1992 indicated that 2 of the 19 LWSP systems in this basin had an average demand above this threshold. By 2020, 4 systems project demand levels that will exceed 80% of their available supply. Self-supplied Use Not everyone gets water from a community water system. Many households and some commercial and industrial operations supply their own water. The USGS estimated that self-supplied users, excluding power generating facilities, accounted for 25.6 mgd of the 50 mgd total of water used from this basin, as shown in the table below. Industrial use comprised half of the self-supplied uses, followed by irrigation (24%), domestic (18%), livestock (7%), and commercial (1%). USGS Estimated Self-supplied Water Use in mgd Sub-basin
Broad River
Domestic
Livestock
Industrial
Commercial
Irrigation
Total
4.74
1.74
12.75
0.27
6.11
25.61
Registered Water Withdrawals Before 1999, anyone withdrawing 1.0 mgd or more of surface or ground water was required to registered that withdrawal with DWR. In this basin there are 6 registered withdrawals other than LWSP systems or power generating facilities, with the cumulative capacity to withdraw 12 mgd. In 1999, the registration threshold for all water uses except agriculture was lowered to 100,000 gallons per day. March 1, 2000 is the deadline for registering 1999 withdrawals. WATER AVAILABILITY Surface water is used to meet the majority of overall water needs in the Broad River Basin. LWSPs indicate that 6 water systems in this basin withdraw about 17.8 mgd of surface water. Surface water will continue to be the primary source of water for most of the residents of the basin. Local water supply plans show that 2 systems rely on reservoirs for all or part of their water supply. The combined demand on these reservoirs averaged about 5.9 mgd in 1992. The estimated available supply from these reservoirs, based on the 20-year safe yield reported in local water supply plans, is 48.5 mgd. The total amount useable at any point in time depends on the capacity of systems to treat and distribute water. Five of the surface water systems submitting local water supply plans have run-of-river withdrawals. Tryon has 3 run-of-river intakes for emergency use as well as an intake on Lake Lanier. These run-of-river intakes supplied about 12 mgd of water in 1992. The available supply from these intakes, based on information reported in local water supply plans, is about 37.2 mgd. The Town of Shelby and the Cleveland County Sanitary District, which both rely on the First Broad River for water supply, have withdrawal limits set by DWR based on instream flow needs. The Cleveland County Sanitary District is limited to 10 mgd and the Town of Shelby may withdraw up to 18 mgd as long as a flow of 25 cfs is maintained downstream of their intake. Six LWSP systems supplied 0.8 mgd of ground water to their customers in 1992. The combined 12-hour yield reported by these systems is 1.8 mgd.
SUMMARY OF INFORMATION FROM 1992 LWSPs !Per capita water use was 226 gallons per day (gpd) in 1992 and is projected to remain unchanged through 2010. !Two systems are not connected to another water supply system. !Four systems rely on purchase water as their sole supply. !Several plans are not compatible due to discrepancies with interconnection data. !These systems used about 18 mgd of surface water and about 1 mgd of ground water. !The reported raw water supply was 85.7 mgd surface water and a 12-hour groundwater supply of 1.8 mgd. !There is one county-wide system, Cleveland County Sanitary District. !Six systems were planning new supplies in the 1992 LWSPs. !The systems are projecting significant growth, 67% in population and 84% in demand, through 2020. !About 11 mgd of additional water supply will be needed by water systems to ensure that water demands in 2010 do not exceed 80% of available supply. !Demand-to-Supply Ratios for 1992 and 2010:
# of Systems reporting # of Systems reporting ratio > 1 # of Systems reporting ratio > 0.8 # of Systems reporting ratio > 0.5
1992 19 1 2 5
2010 19 2 3 7
INTERBASIN TRANSFERS OF SURFACE WATER Across the state many water systems move surface water between sub-basins to meet their needs. The table below indicates the number of identified interbasin transfers associated with this basin. Potential Interbasin Transfers based on 1992 data Sub-basin Broad River
Number
mgd OUT
mgd IN
6
0.683
0.103
Interbasin transfer may become more of an issue for the Broad River Basin as water systems in and near the basin pursue additional water supplies, especially if water is purchased from other systems.
January 2000 Draft State Water Supply Plan DENR, Division of Water Resources
Caldwell Co S Rhodhiss Drexel
Morganton
MCDOWELL COUNTY
Valdese Icard Township WC Long View Brookford
Weaverville
BUNCOMBE COUNTY
BURKE COUNTY
Marion
Hickory
Burke Co.
Montreat
Woodfin
Black Mountain
3-1 Catawba River
Old Fort
3-2 South Fork Catawba River
Asheville
Biltmore Forest
1-1 Broad River
5-2 French Broad River
Cleveland Co SD
Lake Lure
RUTHERFORD COUNTY
HENDERSON COUNTY
Forest City
Fallston
Lawndale
Bostic
Cherryville
Ellenboro
Hendersonville
POLK COUNTY
Laurel Park
Alexander Mills Shelby
Bessemer City
Sandy Mush WA
Saluda Columbus
Kings Mountain Boiling Springs CLEVELAND
Tryon
COUNTY
Grover
SOUTH CAROLINA
Basin 1 Broad River
Miles 0
2
4
6
8
(unshaded basin)
LEGEND County Boundary
Basin Boundary
BROAD RIVER BASIN 1992 and 2010 Population and Water Usage as reported by LWSP systems located in or using water from this basin Water systems showing "Demand as % of Supply" above 80% should be actively planning to control and meet future demand. Water Sources: g - ground water, s - surface water, p - purchased water
1
BROAD RIVER BASIN
Water
County
Water System
Source * g 5,750 g 2,744 s 20,541 g 572 gp 700 s 9,700 g 648 s 19,200 s 4,888 sg 5,440 s 40,000 sgp 1,623 p 565 s 5,400 p 331 p 362 s 9,436 g 675 p 3,047 Total 131,622
BUNCOMBE CLEVELAND
BLACK MOUNTAIN BOILING SPRINGS CLEVELAND CO SD FALLSTON GROVER KINGS MOUNTAIN LAWNDALE SHELBY GASTON BESSEMER CITY CHERRYVILLE HENDERSON HENDERSONVILLE POLK COLUMBUS SALUDA TRYON RUTHERFORD ALEXANDER MILLS BOSTIC FOREST CITY LAKE LURE SANDY MUSH WA
Total Service Population 1992 2010 6,878 3,600 50,000 620 772 10,412 592 24,300 5,921 5,661 59,992 1,834 717 6,170 351 380 10,293 741 3,314 192,548
Total Water Use in mgd 1992 2010 0.57 0.22 1.09 0.04 0.09 5.12 0.04 5.96 2.16 1.66 5.57 0.25 0.11 0.76 0.10 0.05 4.89 0.04 0.32 29
0.63 0.27 2.64 0.04 0.09 6.18 0.04 8.60 6.44 1.73 7.21 0.33 0.15 0.92 0.12 0.06 6.62 0.05 0.42 43
mgd - million gallons per day
Reported Supply in mgd 1992 2010
Demand as % of Supply 1992 2010
0.401 0.2955 5.25 0.12 2.086 42 0.08 17.9 0.53 4.45 6.6 1.292 0.164 2.5 0.333 0.328 10.44 0.092 0.557 95
142% 74% 21% 33% 4% 12% 48% 33% 408% 37% 84% 20% 67% 30% 31% 16% 47% 46% 58%
0.425 2.3955 5.25 0.12 2.086 42 0.08 17.9 0.53 4.45 6.6 1.4 0.164 2.5 0.333 0.328 10.44 0.092 0.557 98
148% 11% 50% 33% 5% 15% 45% 48% 121 39% 109% 23% 88% 37% 35% 17% 63% 52% 75%
