BC Hydro
Track 4 Session 1 “The Utilities Perspective”
With electricity widely considered as the ‘fuel of the future’, this session is designed to explore what utilities are engaged in to promote EVs in their jurisdictions.
1
Moderator: Mark Dubois-Phillips - BC Hydro Vancouver Shaping Electric Transportation in BC
Rob Harris – ENMAX Corporation Enmax welcomes EV’s to Calgary
Tom Molinski - Manitoba Hydro Manitoba Hydro's Efforts to Promote EV in Manitoba
France Lampron - Hydro-Québec Hydro-Québec, an example to follow
John Halliwell - Electric Power Research Institute The Near Term Future of Electric Transportation – An EPRI Perspective
Discussion
2
Shaping Electric Transportation in BC Preparing a utility for the transformation to electric mobility
EV2010VE Vancouver BC September 2010 Mark Dubois-Phillips
3
Contents
▪
BC Hydro
▪
Climate as a driver
▪
Implications for BC Hydro
▪
BC Hydro Action Plan
4
TRACKER
BC Hydro is a provincial government-owned generation and Unit of measure distribution utility
▪
Crown Corporation (government owned)
▪
Regulated BCUC
▪
1.8 million customers representing 95% of BC’s population
▪
Integrated hydroelectric system 11,500 MW
▪
90% hydroelectric
▪
55 generating facilities from 2 MW to 2700 MW
▪
43,000 – 54,000 GWh depending on water levels
▪
74,000 kms of transmission and distribution lines
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
▪
Title Unit of measure Service Territory 945,000 km sq
1 Footnote
SOURCE: Source
5
TRACKER
Contents Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure
BC Hydro
▪
Climate as a driver
▪
Implications for BC Hydro
▪
BC Hydro Action Plan
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
▪
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
6
TRACKER
BC GHG Emissions and the Impact of Transportation
Transportation is a Significant Source of BC’s Emissions
Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
7
TRACKER
BC’s green electricity offers very significant carbon reduction benefits Unit of measure from a transition to electric vehicles resulting Carbon Intensity of BC Generation 700
Title Unit of measure
tCO2e/ GWh
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
600
US Avg, 600
500 400 300
Cdn Avg, 200
200 100 0
Carbon Intensity of PEV in BC
BC Avg, 22 300
ICE, 239
250 gCO2e/km
200 150 100 50 4.35 0
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
8
TRACKER
Electric Vehicles are viewed as an important instrument of BC’s Climate Unit of measure Strategy Title Unit of measure Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
TRACKER Unit of measure
BC Gov’t is committed to aggressive GHG reduction and has implemented a number of policies supportive Title Unit of measure of the EV market First consumer-based carbon tax in North America
▪
Legislated GHG reductions
▪
Formal carbon offset program – the Pacific Carbon Trust
▪
Life cycle low carbon fuel regulation LCFR (Jan 2010)
•
Clean Energy Act June 2010
•
▪
• •
• • •
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
▪
$0.046/litre ($0.176.gallon) at the pump
33% below 2007 levels by 2020)
10% reduction CO2 intensity of retail fuel mix Electricity defined as a transportation fuel
Build renewable generation to surplus to domestic load and export Encourages sector electrification Provisions for rate recovery on GHG reducing initiatives – charging infrastructure
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
10
e TRACKER
BC is expected to have one of the highest EV adoption rates Unit of measure in North America Projected number of EVs in BC1, 2, 3
Title Thousands of EVs Unit of measure
High case Mid case Low case
1
Largest differential between electricity and gasoline prices in North America, providing an EV owner with fuel cost savings of $1,200 per year
2
Proven consumer acceptance of alternative fuel vehicles, with 2.1X higher adoption of hybrids than the Canadian average
3
73% of population concentrated in urban areas with 95% of trips less than 30 km
4
Highly supportive provincial and municipal governments, committed to sustainability and GHG reduction; EVs represent a GHG reduction potential of 1 million tonnes annually by 2020
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
1,300 1,200 1.0 million1,100 1.3 million EVs by 2030 1,000 900 800 700 600 25,000500 32,000 EVs by 2013 400 300 200 100 0 2010 2015 2020 2025
Drivers of BC’s high adoption rate
2030
1 Includes PHEV and BEV 2 Assumes average ICE vehicle life of 15 years and average EV life of 10 years 1 Footnote 3 High-mid-low range based on EPRI adoption rates for the U.S. SOURCE: Source EPRI; Plug-in America; Rocky Mountain Institute; Deutsche Bank: Electric cars – Plugged-in (06/2008)
11
TRACKER
Contents Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure
BC Hydro
▪
Climate as a driver
▪
Implications for BC Hydro
▪
BC Hydro Action Plan
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
▪
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
12
TRACKER
Timing
Title must understand BC Hydro Unit of measureneeds… and serve customer
… and manage assets to ensure reliable power delivery on an ongoing basis
▪
▪
Load from EVs will impact all facets of power delivery
▪
EVs must be factored into the peak load and energy usage forecasts
Changing customer relationship as BC Hydro becomes regarded as a transportation fuel supplier
▪
Customers will come to BC Hydro with questions on EV purchasing and operation
▪
Customers may seek special EV-specific pricing
▪
First EVs on the road by 2010
▪
Distribution capability impacted by 2015
▪
25,000 – 30,000 EVs on the road by 2013
▪
System level impacts by 2025 – 2030
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
Impact
EVs will impact both customer facing and asset management functions and Unit of measure action must be taken now
Action must be taken now to minimize and manage customer and infrastructure risks 1 Footnote Sourceanalysis SOURCE: Team
13
TRACKER
EVs will create new key accounts and new demands Unit measure for of customer service
EXAMPLES
Fleets
Developers
▪ ▪ ▪
Information on vehicle and battery performance and operating costs Education on options for charging (i.e. Level 2 or Level 3) Support in determining EV impact on existing customer electrical infrastructure
▪
Need to meet bylaw requirements for EV charging in multiresidential buildings (e.g., 20% in Vancouver) Support in installing charging infrastructure in new developments, including standards and guidelines Support in retro-fitting existing buildings Advice on how to bill customers
▪ ▪ ▪ Fuel retailers
1 Footnote
▪ ▪ ▪
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
Example customer requirements Title Consumers ▪ Support during purchase decision Unit of measure ▪ Education on how to safely charge EVs ▪ Assistance in ensuring residence is safely wired for EV charging
Information on Level 3 charging technology Support in installing charging infrastructure Support in determining EV charging impact on existing electrical infrastructure
SOURCE: C40 cities; Plan NYC; Clean Tech team SOURCE: Source
14
TRACKER
BC’s First Electric Courier Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
TRACKER
How likely is it that you will purchase a plug in electric vehicle in the next 5 years? Unit of measure Title Unit of measure Similar proportions of those who park at Dunsmuir and those who don’t indicate they are very likely to purchase a PEV in the next 5 years (14% and 15%).
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
TRACKER
Do you think you will purchase an electric vehicle in the next… Unit of measure
Highlights
Title Unit of measure
17%
5 years
23%
10 years
20 years
Never
Five to ten years appears to be the time frame when BC residents will be considering purchasing a PEV. By this time the technology should be improved to the point where even conservative technology adopters might be willing to venture into the market.
4%
Female (37%) are more likely than males (23%) to not know enough to make an informed decision.
9%
Similarly, those with the highest income (19%) display the highest awareness.
16%
Regionally no differences emerged. I don't know enough to make an informed decision
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
30%
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
2 years
TRACKER
How do you get to work? Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
The average time to commute for those who drive or carpool is 30 minutes. The median time to commute for those who drive or carpool is 25 minutes. The most frequently mentioned time is 20 minutes.
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
The average commute for those who drive or carpool is 18.94KM. The median commute for those who drive or carpool is 15KM. The most frequently mentioned distance is 10KM.
TRACKER
Unconstrained EV charging will impact the grid as early as 2015 Unit of measure
Residential charging ▪ 5 kW charging22 increases residential peak by 155% ▪ High adoption areas will have 5% adoption in 2015, 50% in 2030 Title
Unit of measure
Substations ▪ 26% of substations currently experience peak loads over 90% of firm capacity, including many in high adoption areas ▪ Sustained peak EV charging load per substation of 2-10 MW by 201511, 20+ MW by 203022 ▪ Accelerates requirement for load transfers and capacity expansions 1 75% 110 V charging, 25% 220 V charging 1 100% Footnote 2 220 V charging SOURCE: Distribution Planning; Energy Planning; EPRI; team analysis SOURCE: Source
Generation and transmission ▪ Additional 60 MW peak load by 2015, 890 MW by 2030 ▪ 4,000 GWh of additional energy load by 2030 ▪ Peak mitigation planning required ▪ Longer term need for additional peak and energy capacity or DSM
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
Distribution transformers ▪ Aging assets – ~70% over 20 years old ▪ 22% already experience peak loads over rated capacity ▪ Will have 5-10 kW sustained additional load in 2015 (1-2 EVs), 40 kW in 2030 (6-8 EVs) per transformer ▪ Substantial risk of increased failures ▪ Larger equipment sizing required
, TRACKER
Infrastructure – Residential Charging
Home EV charging will be clustered and increase residential peaks Unit of measure by as much as 155% Title Propensity to purchase EVs is strongly clustered Unit of measure Likelihood of EV adoption1
The impact of charging a single EV for a typical household is significant
9
Without EV 220V EV charging
8 Downtown core commuter daytime charging by 2015
220 V charging adoption driven by charging time, new building codes, and increased battery sizes
7 6 5
+155%
4 3 2 1 high adoption areas will have 5% EVs by 2015 and over 50% by 2030
0 0
6
12
18
24 time of day
1 Based on consumers who will “definitely consider purchasing” a hybrid as their next vehicle 2 on representative household, level 1 charge rate 1kW and level 2 charge rate 5kW used to deliver 10kWh to EV 1 Based Footnote Source SOURCE: Environics; BC Hydro Load Analysis Group; Team analysis
20
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
Typical household load2 kW
TRACKER Infrastructure – Transmission and Generation
EV charging will significantly increase the peak demand… Unit of measure
Unconstrained charging will add a minimum of 60MW to peak demand by 2015…
Title Increase to peak system Unit of measure
Daily system demand, 2030 MW
(level 1 charging)
13,000
690 MW by 2025
800
Without EVs1 With EVs Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
demand from EVs2 MW
900
… and 890 MW by 2030, requiring either new supply or advanced demand side management
+890MW
700
12,000
600
11,000
500 10,000
400 300
60 MW by 2015
310 MW by 2020
200
9,000 8,000
100 0 2010
890 MW minimum additional peak demand
7,000 2015
2020
2025
2030 year
0
6
12
18
24 time of day
1 2008 load curve, scaled to 2030 demand forecast 2 Assumes level 1 charging only 1 Footnote Source SOURCE: BC Hydro Load Analysis Group; Team analysis
21
kDistribution TRACKER transformers
EV charging loads will increase the risk of distribution transformer and Unit of measure circuit failure by 2015 secondary Many distribution transformers are old and have experienced peak loads above their capacity Title
Unit of measure Transformer ages Number of transformers (000)
▪ By 2030, transformers in high adoption Approximately 70% of transformers have been in service for over 20 years1
150 100 50 0 200 %
0
5 0
10 0
neighborhoods will experience ~8 EVs charging concurrently
▪ This would represent a 40 kW load (~160% nameplate capacity of a 25 kVA unit) for 2 to 3 hours2
▪ A sustained overload of this nature would overheat
>20 years
the transformer and secondary circuits to houses, especially in the summer
Transformer peak loadings (2008) Number of transformers (000) 25 20 15 10 5 0
EXAMPLE
▪ Frequent overheating will reduce the operational life 22% of transformers peak above their rated capacity, 9k at over 200% capacity
15 20 0 0 capacity Percent of
of the transformer, and increase the risk the failure and customer outage
BC Hydro needs to develop peak shifting solutions and review equipment sizing specifications to reflect anticipated EV loads
1 Transformers with unknown install date are assumed to be over 20 years old; consistent with estimates based on historical peak load requirements 1 Assuming Footnote level 2 charging with a power rating of 5kW 2 Source SOURCE: BC Hydro GIS Services; Team analysis
22
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
200
EV charging will increase failure rates in these transformers, impacting reliability of service
TRACKER
Contents Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure
BC Hydro
▪
Climate as a driver
▪
Implications for BC Hydro
▪
BC Hydro Action Plan
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
▪
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
23
TRACKER
Preparing for the arrival of EVs requires Unitimmediate of measure action across the breadth of BC Hydro. A team of 18 senior managers has been assembled to develop an integrated and coordinated EV Readiness Title Plan Unit of measure
1.2 Customer – Provide EV-related knowledge & support to key accounts 1.3 Infrastructure – Develop & implement planning criteria for distribution system to support the integration of EV’s 1.4 Infrastructure – Revise equipment standards for distribution system and customer 1.5 Infrastructure – Forecast EV penetration scenarios, build load forecast, assess system level impacts on generation and develop long term generation and transmission plans. 1.6 Policy and Regulation – consultations with Government on climate based regulation (LCFR, Clean Energy Act , IRP) 1.7 Policy and Regulation – Implications to customer connections, tariff, rates, metering and regulatory issues. 1 Footnote
1.8 Communications – Brand strategy and communication plan developed
SOURCE: Source
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
1.1 Customer – Prepare to assist prospective and new PEV owners
TRACKER
Answering the question of BC Hydro’s role to shape adoption will require Unitfocused of measure effort with involvement of multiple internal groups Objectives
Assess risks and benefits of adoption on BC Hydro
2.2
Determine need for public sector action
2.3
Develop business case for preferred option for BC Hydro participation
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
Internal stakeholders
2.1.1 Determine impact on grid from high EV adoption rates 2.1.2 Assess impact of increased charging load on energy supply, trading activities and cost of supply
Load Forecasting Power Smart Supply Acquisition PowerEx
2.2.1 Engage industry groups to stay abreast of developments in EV markets 2.2.2 Engage other jurisdictions to monitor utility role in supporting EV adoption 2.2.3 Evaluate potential impact of key drivers on adoption rates (e.g. public charging infrastructure, tax credits, subsidies, etc.) 2.2.4 Determine willingness of private sector to take the lead in the development of key adoption drivers
OCTO Health, Safety & Environment Regulatory
2.3.1 Identify and evaluate options for BC Hydro to facilitate adoption 2.3.2 Develop comprehensive business case on approach to facilitating adoption
OCTO Power Smart Customer Care Distribution Planning Distribution Engineering Corporate Affairs Regulatory
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
2.1
Title Initiatives Unit of measure
TRACKER
Each task team within the working group would lead the effort on relevant Unit of measure initiatives within the work plan Task team
TitleInitiatives led Unit of measure
Stakeholders involved Power Smart Customer Care Corporate Affairs Customer Projects OCTO
Infrastructure
1.4 Develop ongoing assessment of EV charging loads and potential impacts 1.5 Invest selectively in distribution and generation
Load Forecasting Distribution Planning Distribution Engineering OCTO PowerEx
1.3 Develop approach to mitigate EV charging peaks
Rates & Metering Power Smart SMI OCTO Regulatory
2.1 Assess impact of rapid adoption on BC Hydro 2.2 Determine need for public sector action 2.3 Develop business case for preferred options for BC Hydro participation
OCTO Power Smart Customer Care Distribution Planning Corporate Affairs Regulatory
Peak mitigation
Strategy
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
Customer
1.1 Prepare to assist prospective and new EV owners 1.2 Provide EV-related knowledge and support to key accounts
TRACKER
BC Electric Vehicle Project Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
Building Building Charging Charging Infrastructure Infrastructure ““at at home, home, at at work work and and on on the the go” go”
TRACKER
BC Vehicle Demonstrations Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
28
TRACKER
Thank you
Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
1 Footnote
29 SOURCE: Source
TRACKER
Speaker Bios Unit of measure
Tom Molinski - Manitoba Hydro Tom Molinski has a BSc degree in Electrical Engineering and a Masters of Electrical Engineering degree from the University of Manitoba. Tom has worked for Manitoba Hydro for the past 35 years, and spent his first 20 years at Manitoba Hydro in the Transmission and Distribution area before moving to Power Supply in 1995. Tom is currently the Section Head of Emerging Energy Systems in the Power Planning Division. He is responsible for research, planning, concept development, and recommending emerging energy technology projects (like wind, small hydro, bioenergy, energy storage, and various solar technologies) suitable for Manitoba Hydro to implement now or in the future. Tom works with academia, government, various research groups, and several learned societies to determine Manitoba Hydro's energy strategy of the future. 1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
Title France Lampron - Hydro-Québec Unit of measure Two years ago, France Lampron converted to electric transportation after 17 years spent in the field of Communications. She is a member of the Hydro-Québec Corporate Team in charge of overseeing the company's activities with respect to electric transportation. As such, she is involved with the negotiation and the implementation of the various pilot projects announced by the Québec utility in the past year or so. A Bachelor in Communication, she also holds university degrees in Public Relations and Business Administration.
TRACKER UnitRob of measure Harris – Director, Smart Grid Partnerships ENMAX Corporation
John Halliwell - Electric Power Research Institute John Halliwell is a Project Manager in the Electric Transportation Group within EPRI. Mr. Halliwell’s primary focus is smart charging and infrastructure development for plugin electric vehicles. His other research activities focus on improving efficiency of power supply systems, solid state lighting and seeking new ways to deliver power to products and systems that optimize energy use. He received Bachelor of Science and Master of Science Degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. He earned his Master’s degree while employed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. His studies emphasized analog electronics, instrumentation and digital signal processing. He is a member of IEEE and holds an Extra Class Amateur Radio license. 1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
Rob Harris joined ENMAX in January 2010 as Director, Smart Grid Partnerships in the Smart Grid Technologies group. Rob is leading the development and Title commercialization Smart Grid products and services. Rob is also the Project Unit ofofmeasure Director for the Electric Vehicle Pilot Program at ENMAX. Prior to joining ENMAX, Rob worked at Arc Innovations as Project Director for the deployment of 100,000 smart meters in Christchurch, New Zealand. Rob has spent over twenty years in the telecommunication industry with leadership roles at TELUS Communications and Telesat Canada and has extensive experience in successfully managing multi-million dollar projects.
With electricity widely considered as the ‘fuel of the future’, this session is designed to explore what utilities are engaged in to promote EVs in their jurisdictions.
1
Moderator: Mark Dubois-Phillips - BC Hydro Vancouver Shaping Electric Transportation in BC
Rob Harris – ENMAX Corporation Enmax welcomes EV’s to Calgary
Tom Molinski - Manitoba Hydro Manitoba Hydro's Efforts to Promote EV in Manitoba
France Lampron - Hydro-Québec Hydro-Québec, an example to follow
John Halliwell - Electric Power Research Institute The Near Term Future of Electric Transportation – An EPRI Perspective
Discussion
2
Shaping Electric Transportation in BC Preparing a utility for the transformation to electric mobility
EV2010VE Vancouver BC September 2010 Mark Dubois-Phillips
3
Contents
▪
BC Hydro
▪
Climate as a driver
▪
Implications for BC Hydro
▪
BC Hydro Action Plan
4
TRACKER
BC Hydro is a provincial government-owned generation and Unit of measure distribution utility
▪
Crown Corporation (government owned)
▪
Regulated BCUC
▪
1.8 million customers representing 95% of BC’s population
▪
Integrated hydroelectric system 11,500 MW
▪
90% hydroelectric
▪
55 generating facilities from 2 MW to 2700 MW
▪
43,000 – 54,000 GWh depending on water levels
▪
74,000 kms of transmission and distribution lines
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
▪
Title Unit of measure Service Territory 945,000 km sq
1 Footnote
SOURCE: Source
5
TRACKER
Contents Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure
BC Hydro
▪
Climate as a driver
▪
Implications for BC Hydro
▪
BC Hydro Action Plan
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
▪
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
6
TRACKER
BC GHG Emissions and the Impact of Transportation
Transportation is a Significant Source of BC’s Emissions
Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
7
TRACKER
BC’s green electricity offers very significant carbon reduction benefits Unit of measure from a transition to electric vehicles resulting Carbon Intensity of BC Generation 700
Title Unit of measure
tCO2e/ GWh
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
600
US Avg, 600
500 400 300
Cdn Avg, 200
200 100 0
Carbon Intensity of PEV in BC
BC Avg, 22 300
ICE, 239
250 gCO2e/km
200 150 100 50 4.35 0
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
8
TRACKER
Electric Vehicles are viewed as an important instrument of BC’s Climate Unit of measure Strategy Title Unit of measure Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
TRACKER Unit of measure
BC Gov’t is committed to aggressive GHG reduction and has implemented a number of policies supportive Title Unit of measure of the EV market First consumer-based carbon tax in North America
▪
Legislated GHG reductions
▪
Formal carbon offset program – the Pacific Carbon Trust
▪
Life cycle low carbon fuel regulation LCFR (Jan 2010)
•
Clean Energy Act June 2010
•
▪
• •
• • •
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
▪
$0.046/litre ($0.176.gallon) at the pump
33% below 2007 levels by 2020)
10% reduction CO2 intensity of retail fuel mix Electricity defined as a transportation fuel
Build renewable generation to surplus to domestic load and export Encourages sector electrification Provisions for rate recovery on GHG reducing initiatives – charging infrastructure
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
10
e TRACKER
BC is expected to have one of the highest EV adoption rates Unit of measure in North America Projected number of EVs in BC1, 2, 3
Title Thousands of EVs Unit of measure
High case Mid case Low case
1
Largest differential between electricity and gasoline prices in North America, providing an EV owner with fuel cost savings of $1,200 per year
2
Proven consumer acceptance of alternative fuel vehicles, with 2.1X higher adoption of hybrids than the Canadian average
3
73% of population concentrated in urban areas with 95% of trips less than 30 km
4
Highly supportive provincial and municipal governments, committed to sustainability and GHG reduction; EVs represent a GHG reduction potential of 1 million tonnes annually by 2020
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
1,300 1,200 1.0 million1,100 1.3 million EVs by 2030 1,000 900 800 700 600 25,000500 32,000 EVs by 2013 400 300 200 100 0 2010 2015 2020 2025
Drivers of BC’s high adoption rate
2030
1 Includes PHEV and BEV 2 Assumes average ICE vehicle life of 15 years and average EV life of 10 years 1 Footnote 3 High-mid-low range based on EPRI adoption rates for the U.S. SOURCE: Source EPRI; Plug-in America; Rocky Mountain Institute; Deutsche Bank: Electric cars – Plugged-in (06/2008)
11
TRACKER
Contents Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure
BC Hydro
▪
Climate as a driver
▪
Implications for BC Hydro
▪
BC Hydro Action Plan
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
▪
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
12
TRACKER
Timing
Title must understand BC Hydro Unit of measureneeds… and serve customer
… and manage assets to ensure reliable power delivery on an ongoing basis
▪
▪
Load from EVs will impact all facets of power delivery
▪
EVs must be factored into the peak load and energy usage forecasts
Changing customer relationship as BC Hydro becomes regarded as a transportation fuel supplier
▪
Customers will come to BC Hydro with questions on EV purchasing and operation
▪
Customers may seek special EV-specific pricing
▪
First EVs on the road by 2010
▪
Distribution capability impacted by 2015
▪
25,000 – 30,000 EVs on the road by 2013
▪
System level impacts by 2025 – 2030
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
Impact
EVs will impact both customer facing and asset management functions and Unit of measure action must be taken now
Action must be taken now to minimize and manage customer and infrastructure risks 1 Footnote Sourceanalysis SOURCE: Team
13
TRACKER
EVs will create new key accounts and new demands Unit measure for of customer service
EXAMPLES
Fleets
Developers
▪ ▪ ▪
Information on vehicle and battery performance and operating costs Education on options for charging (i.e. Level 2 or Level 3) Support in determining EV impact on existing customer electrical infrastructure
▪
Need to meet bylaw requirements for EV charging in multiresidential buildings (e.g., 20% in Vancouver) Support in installing charging infrastructure in new developments, including standards and guidelines Support in retro-fitting existing buildings Advice on how to bill customers
▪ ▪ ▪ Fuel retailers
1 Footnote
▪ ▪ ▪
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
Example customer requirements Title Consumers ▪ Support during purchase decision Unit of measure ▪ Education on how to safely charge EVs ▪ Assistance in ensuring residence is safely wired for EV charging
Information on Level 3 charging technology Support in installing charging infrastructure Support in determining EV charging impact on existing electrical infrastructure
SOURCE: C40 cities; Plan NYC; Clean Tech team SOURCE: Source
14
TRACKER
BC’s First Electric Courier Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
TRACKER
How likely is it that you will purchase a plug in electric vehicle in the next 5 years? Unit of measure Title Unit of measure Similar proportions of those who park at Dunsmuir and those who don’t indicate they are very likely to purchase a PEV in the next 5 years (14% and 15%).
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
TRACKER
Do you think you will purchase an electric vehicle in the next… Unit of measure
Highlights
Title Unit of measure
17%
5 years
23%
10 years
20 years
Never
Five to ten years appears to be the time frame when BC residents will be considering purchasing a PEV. By this time the technology should be improved to the point where even conservative technology adopters might be willing to venture into the market.
4%
Female (37%) are more likely than males (23%) to not know enough to make an informed decision.
9%
Similarly, those with the highest income (19%) display the highest awareness.
16%
Regionally no differences emerged. I don't know enough to make an informed decision
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
30%
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
2 years
TRACKER
How do you get to work? Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
The average time to commute for those who drive or carpool is 30 minutes. The median time to commute for those who drive or carpool is 25 minutes. The most frequently mentioned time is 20 minutes.
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The average commute for those who drive or carpool is 18.94KM. The median commute for those who drive or carpool is 15KM. The most frequently mentioned distance is 10KM.
TRACKER
Unconstrained EV charging will impact the grid as early as 2015 Unit of measure
Residential charging ▪ 5 kW charging22 increases residential peak by 155% ▪ High adoption areas will have 5% adoption in 2015, 50% in 2030 Title
Unit of measure
Substations ▪ 26% of substations currently experience peak loads over 90% of firm capacity, including many in high adoption areas ▪ Sustained peak EV charging load per substation of 2-10 MW by 201511, 20+ MW by 203022 ▪ Accelerates requirement for load transfers and capacity expansions 1 75% 110 V charging, 25% 220 V charging 1 100% Footnote 2 220 V charging SOURCE: Distribution Planning; Energy Planning; EPRI; team analysis SOURCE: Source
Generation and transmission ▪ Additional 60 MW peak load by 2015, 890 MW by 2030 ▪ 4,000 GWh of additional energy load by 2030 ▪ Peak mitigation planning required ▪ Longer term need for additional peak and energy capacity or DSM
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Distribution transformers ▪ Aging assets – ~70% over 20 years old ▪ 22% already experience peak loads over rated capacity ▪ Will have 5-10 kW sustained additional load in 2015 (1-2 EVs), 40 kW in 2030 (6-8 EVs) per transformer ▪ Substantial risk of increased failures ▪ Larger equipment sizing required
, TRACKER
Infrastructure – Residential Charging
Home EV charging will be clustered and increase residential peaks Unit of measure by as much as 155% Title Propensity to purchase EVs is strongly clustered Unit of measure Likelihood of EV adoption1
The impact of charging a single EV for a typical household is significant
9
Without EV 220V EV charging
8 Downtown core commuter daytime charging by 2015
220 V charging adoption driven by charging time, new building codes, and increased battery sizes
7 6 5
+155%
4 3 2 1 high adoption areas will have 5% EVs by 2015 and over 50% by 2030
0 0
6
12
18
24 time of day
1 Based on consumers who will “definitely consider purchasing” a hybrid as their next vehicle 2 on representative household, level 1 charge rate 1kW and level 2 charge rate 5kW used to deliver 10kWh to EV 1 Based Footnote Source SOURCE: Environics; BC Hydro Load Analysis Group; Team analysis
20
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Typical household load2 kW
TRACKER Infrastructure – Transmission and Generation
EV charging will significantly increase the peak demand… Unit of measure
Unconstrained charging will add a minimum of 60MW to peak demand by 2015…
Title Increase to peak system Unit of measure
Daily system demand, 2030 MW
(level 1 charging)
13,000
690 MW by 2025
800
Without EVs1 With EVs Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
demand from EVs2 MW
900
… and 890 MW by 2030, requiring either new supply or advanced demand side management
+890MW
700
12,000
600
11,000
500 10,000
400 300
60 MW by 2015
310 MW by 2020
200
9,000 8,000
100 0 2010
890 MW minimum additional peak demand
7,000 2015
2020
2025
2030 year
0
6
12
18
24 time of day
1 2008 load curve, scaled to 2030 demand forecast 2 Assumes level 1 charging only 1 Footnote Source SOURCE: BC Hydro Load Analysis Group; Team analysis
21
kDistribution TRACKER transformers
EV charging loads will increase the risk of distribution transformer and Unit of measure circuit failure by 2015 secondary Many distribution transformers are old and have experienced peak loads above their capacity Title
Unit of measure Transformer ages Number of transformers (000)
▪ By 2030, transformers in high adoption Approximately 70% of transformers have been in service for over 20 years1
150 100 50 0 200 %
0
5 0
10 0
neighborhoods will experience ~8 EVs charging concurrently
▪ This would represent a 40 kW load (~160% nameplate capacity of a 25 kVA unit) for 2 to 3 hours2
▪ A sustained overload of this nature would overheat
>20 years
the transformer and secondary circuits to houses, especially in the summer
Transformer peak loadings (2008) Number of transformers (000) 25 20 15 10 5 0
EXAMPLE
▪ Frequent overheating will reduce the operational life 22% of transformers peak above their rated capacity, 9k at over 200% capacity
15 20 0 0 capacity Percent of
of the transformer, and increase the risk the failure and customer outage
BC Hydro needs to develop peak shifting solutions and review equipment sizing specifications to reflect anticipated EV loads
1 Transformers with unknown install date are assumed to be over 20 years old; consistent with estimates based on historical peak load requirements 1 Assuming Footnote level 2 charging with a power rating of 5kW 2 Source SOURCE: BC Hydro GIS Services; Team analysis
22
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200
EV charging will increase failure rates in these transformers, impacting reliability of service
TRACKER
Contents Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure
BC Hydro
▪
Climate as a driver
▪
Implications for BC Hydro
▪
BC Hydro Action Plan
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▪
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
23
TRACKER
Preparing for the arrival of EVs requires Unitimmediate of measure action across the breadth of BC Hydro. A team of 18 senior managers has been assembled to develop an integrated and coordinated EV Readiness Title Plan Unit of measure
1.2 Customer – Provide EV-related knowledge & support to key accounts 1.3 Infrastructure – Develop & implement planning criteria for distribution system to support the integration of EV’s 1.4 Infrastructure – Revise equipment standards for distribution system and customer 1.5 Infrastructure – Forecast EV penetration scenarios, build load forecast, assess system level impacts on generation and develop long term generation and transmission plans. 1.6 Policy and Regulation – consultations with Government on climate based regulation (LCFR, Clean Energy Act , IRP) 1.7 Policy and Regulation – Implications to customer connections, tariff, rates, metering and regulatory issues. 1 Footnote
1.8 Communications – Brand strategy and communication plan developed
SOURCE: Source
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1.1 Customer – Prepare to assist prospective and new PEV owners
TRACKER
Answering the question of BC Hydro’s role to shape adoption will require Unitfocused of measure effort with involvement of multiple internal groups Objectives
Assess risks and benefits of adoption on BC Hydro
2.2
Determine need for public sector action
2.3
Develop business case for preferred option for BC Hydro participation
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
Internal stakeholders
2.1.1 Determine impact on grid from high EV adoption rates 2.1.2 Assess impact of increased charging load on energy supply, trading activities and cost of supply
Load Forecasting Power Smart Supply Acquisition PowerEx
2.2.1 Engage industry groups to stay abreast of developments in EV markets 2.2.2 Engage other jurisdictions to monitor utility role in supporting EV adoption 2.2.3 Evaluate potential impact of key drivers on adoption rates (e.g. public charging infrastructure, tax credits, subsidies, etc.) 2.2.4 Determine willingness of private sector to take the lead in the development of key adoption drivers
OCTO Health, Safety & Environment Regulatory
2.3.1 Identify and evaluate options for BC Hydro to facilitate adoption 2.3.2 Develop comprehensive business case on approach to facilitating adoption
OCTO Power Smart Customer Care Distribution Planning Distribution Engineering Corporate Affairs Regulatory
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2.1
Title Initiatives Unit of measure
TRACKER
Each task team within the working group would lead the effort on relevant Unit of measure initiatives within the work plan Task team
TitleInitiatives led Unit of measure
Stakeholders involved Power Smart Customer Care Corporate Affairs Customer Projects OCTO
Infrastructure
1.4 Develop ongoing assessment of EV charging loads and potential impacts 1.5 Invest selectively in distribution and generation
Load Forecasting Distribution Planning Distribution Engineering OCTO PowerEx
1.3 Develop approach to mitigate EV charging peaks
Rates & Metering Power Smart SMI OCTO Regulatory
2.1 Assess impact of rapid adoption on BC Hydro 2.2 Determine need for public sector action 2.3 Develop business case for preferred options for BC Hydro participation
OCTO Power Smart Customer Care Distribution Planning Corporate Affairs Regulatory
Peak mitigation
Strategy
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
Customer
1.1 Prepare to assist prospective and new EV owners 1.2 Provide EV-related knowledge and support to key accounts
TRACKER
BC Electric Vehicle Project Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
Building Building Charging Charging Infrastructure Infrastructure ““at at home, home, at at work work and and on on the the go” go”
TRACKER
BC Vehicle Demonstrations Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
28
TRACKER
Thank you
Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
1 Footnote
29 SOURCE: Source
TRACKER
Speaker Bios Unit of measure
Tom Molinski - Manitoba Hydro Tom Molinski has a BSc degree in Electrical Engineering and a Masters of Electrical Engineering degree from the University of Manitoba. Tom has worked for Manitoba Hydro for the past 35 years, and spent his first 20 years at Manitoba Hydro in the Transmission and Distribution area before moving to Power Supply in 1995. Tom is currently the Section Head of Emerging Energy Systems in the Power Planning Division. He is responsible for research, planning, concept development, and recommending emerging energy technology projects (like wind, small hydro, bioenergy, energy storage, and various solar technologies) suitable for Manitoba Hydro to implement now or in the future. Tom works with academia, government, various research groups, and several learned societies to determine Manitoba Hydro's energy strategy of the future. 1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
Title France Lampron - Hydro-Québec Unit of measure Two years ago, France Lampron converted to electric transportation after 17 years spent in the field of Communications. She is a member of the Hydro-Québec Corporate Team in charge of overseeing the company's activities with respect to electric transportation. As such, she is involved with the negotiation and the implementation of the various pilot projects announced by the Québec utility in the past year or so. A Bachelor in Communication, she also holds university degrees in Public Relations and Business Administration.
TRACKER UnitRob of measure Harris – Director, Smart Grid Partnerships ENMAX Corporation
John Halliwell - Electric Power Research Institute John Halliwell is a Project Manager in the Electric Transportation Group within EPRI. Mr. Halliwell’s primary focus is smart charging and infrastructure development for plugin electric vehicles. His other research activities focus on improving efficiency of power supply systems, solid state lighting and seeking new ways to deliver power to products and systems that optimize energy use. He received Bachelor of Science and Master of Science Degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. He earned his Master’s degree while employed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. His studies emphasized analog electronics, instrumentation and digital signal processing. He is a member of IEEE and holds an Extra Class Amateur Radio license. 1 Footnote SOURCE: Source
Working Draft - Last Modified 10/07/2009 9:22:21 AM Printed 24/06/2009 10:05:03 AM
Rob Harris joined ENMAX in January 2010 as Director, Smart Grid Partnerships in the Smart Grid Technologies group. Rob is leading the development and Title commercialization Smart Grid products and services. Rob is also the Project Unit ofofmeasure Director for the Electric Vehicle Pilot Program at ENMAX. Prior to joining ENMAX, Rob worked at Arc Innovations as Project Director for the deployment of 100,000 smart meters in Christchurch, New Zealand. Rob has spent over twenty years in the telecommunication industry with leadership roles at TELUS Communications and Telesat Canada and has extensive experience in successfully managing multi-million dollar projects.
