Ste engineering
BK57 – BK58 Operating and service manual
BK5 Series Date: 25‐02‐09 Op. Manual: Series BK57 / BK58 FSK low power data Trx. Low cost, high performances data transceiver based on TDA 5255 , TDA 5250 by Infineon with RF power amplifier. High data rate up to 64kB. The unit is provided of a great receiver’s sensitivity of ‐106dBm.
FIG 1 BK5xx SCHEMATIC
FIG 2 BK5xx MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS AND PINOUT DETAIL
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Date 02‐25‐09
BK5 Operating Manual
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Functional Notes 1. n°.2 Terminal (+PA) can be used to supply higher or lower tension to the RF Power Amplifier (max = Vcc +3 ‐2V). 2. n°.7 Terminal (PWD‐DD) must be ground connected for normal operation. IC1 n°. 27 pin is internally pulled high via a 30 KΩ resistor. 3. n°.2 Terminal is the data Input/Output (Fig.3) and is connected to Pin n°.28 of IC1. 4. The BK5xFxx employes FM modulation (FSK – Frequency Shift Keying) with a nominal deviation of ±30 kHz. In Tx mode (N.3 terminal to ground) the transmitter generates two frequencies representing logical “High” or “Low” data: a) Bit 0 (Term. 6 “Low”) Ftx= F₀ – 30KHz b) Bit 1 (Term. 6 “High”) Ftx= F₀ +30KHz If n°.6 Terminal is left “Open” a Pull‐down resistor (100KΩ) determines the emission of the “Low” frequency. 5. In Rx mode n°.6 Terminal is the Rx data output. In absence of an “On channel” RF FSK modulated signal random pulses are present on n°. 6 Terminal. Waiting for useful data, best solution is to implement a “Software” filter into decoding (µC) system. Alternatively an “Hardware” squelch circuit can be implemented using RSSI output (Fig.4‐C). Another possibility is to read,through the I2C port, the IC1 “ADC” register (RSSI value) – Refer to TDA525x Data Sheet Par. 2.4.15 and also Par. 2.4.17 (www.infineon.com). In the most sophisticated systems the “Squelch” level can be dynamically modified and adapted to the varying “In Channel” noise level.
Fig. 4 : A‐ B ‐ C
Table 1 – BK5x Versions / IC1 Type model BK57xx BK58xx BK59xx BK55xx
frequency 433‐435 MHz 868‐870 MHz 910‐920 MHz 312‐325 MHz
IC1 Type TDA 5255 TDA 5250 TDA 5252 TDA 5251
FIG 3 ‐ Data I/O
Fig. 4 Received signal strength indicator (RSSI – n°.5 Terminal)
Notes 1 . The received signal strength can be directly monitored with a voltmeter on n°.5 Terminal for test purposes. 2. The “RSSI” dc level can be read on the internal IC1 register TH3 or by an external “ADC”. A capacitor on pin 5 is recommended. 3. Fig 4‐C : Example of an external “RSI” level detector.
STE - Via Bistolfi 49–20134- Milano – Italy +39.02.21592337 - 02.21711809 - 02.26411765 fax +39.02.2640118
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Date 02‐25‐09
BK5 Operating Manual
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6. I2C PORT 6.1 IC1 n°.2 Pin (Busmode) is ground connected to support the I2C communication protocol. 6.2 Through the I2C port it is possible to read IC1 internal registers and/or program different operating modes. 6.3 Most application can be performed with the “default” settings (TDA525x Data sheet ‐ Par.3‐11): optimum data speed in this configuration is from 1200 to 4800 Baud. A faster data speed needs at least to programme the data filter bandwidth (I/Q and Data Filter cutoff frequencies – address 03h). A 19.2 kB Data Speed Manchester encoded data stream (19.2 kHz) needs a data filter cutoff frequency of 28 kHz or more (TDA525x Data sheet – Par.3,4 , table 3‐10). An increase of data filter cutoff frequency decreases the S/N ratio and thus the Rx sensitivity. 6.4 Tx/Rx frequency and Tx deviation (FSK shift) is hardware factory adjusted. Do not change default values of “FSK” and “XTAL Tuning” registers. Fig. 8 BK58F3 RSSI output versus RF input signal
Fig. 6 BK57F3 Tx mode (FSK) – RF output power and Icc total current versus Vcc supply voltage
Fig. 7 BK57F3 RSSI output versus RF input signal
Fig. 9 BK58F3 Tx mode (FSK) – RF output power and Icc total current versus Vcc supply voltage
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Date 02‐25‐09
BK5 Operating Manual
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DATA TRANSMISSION AND DATA RECEPTION TIMINGS AND PROTOCOL A – START OF TRANSMISSION OR TRANSITION FROM “R” TO “T” (FIG. 10). The upper trace is the Rx – Tx control (n° 3 terminal), the lower trace is an example of Manchester encoded data with a preamble (C) , a control start of message period (d) and also some errors. 1. Transmission setup time is less than 2ms (refer to Infineon data sheet – Par. 4‐1‐3), modulation must start immediately with a “preamble” square wave (C). 2. A long time (A) with “0” bit emission is not suggested (as also it is not suggested a long “1” bit emission). This time cannot be considered a “preamble” and can lead to a severe mismatch of the adaptive data slicer on the receive module. 3. Preamble main target is to charge the Rx data slicer capacitor Cslc (Infineon data sheet – Par 3.6) to the received data stream mean level: with binary “FSK” modulation a square wave is the best system to implement a good preamble. 4. It is higly recommended not to try to start immediately data emission (B) , especially after an incorrect preamble period (A).
Fig. 10
B – TRANSITION FROM “T” TO “R” (FIG. 11) Receiver setup time (a) is typically 2,2 ms (Infineon data sheet Par. 4‐1‐3 “Receiver characteristics”). Adaptive data slicer time constant is 10ms, as determinate by Cslc capacitor (100nF). 1. To have a stable output waveform time “A” plus time “B” must elapse, where “B” is the data slicer settling time. 2. “B” time is not easily defined , depending on signal intensity, ambient temperature, crystal frequencies mismatch, on channel noise and/or presence of strong signals on adjacent channels, etc. etc. 3. As a rule of thumb to have a good and stable output waveform a total “A” + “B” time from 4 to 10 ms must be considered. Fig. 11
Fig. 5 – RSSI output
STE - Via Bistolfi 49–20134- Milano – Italy +39.02.21592337 - 02.21711809 - 02.26411765 fax +39.02.2640118
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Date 02‐25‐09
BK5 Operating Manual
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