Bonds Chemical Bonds Background Compounds ... - SLIDEBLAST.COM
Bonds
Chemical Bonds
Background Compounds are pure substances formed when 2 or more elements chemically combine; chemically bond. Chemical bonds in compounds are the forces of attraction between atoms. These forces, called electrostatic forces, are caused by the attraction of opposite charges. Why do atoms bond? The Octet Rule tells us:
Atoms gain, lose or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons; the stable electron configuration of a noble gas. Not all atoms use the same electrostatic forces to bond. The forces used will determine the bond type within the compound. Types of Electrostatic Forces Used to Hold 2 Atoms Together 1.The attraction between positive and negative ions 2. The attraction between the positive nucleus of one atom and the negative electrons (valence e-s) of another atom Types of Chemical Bonds 4 Types Ionic Bond Non-polar Covalent Polar Covalent Metallic Bond How Bond Types are Differentiated
Types of elements involved
Type of electrostatic forces
Range of electronegativity differences found in the bond
The type of compounds produced and the physical and chemical properties of those compounds
First Type of Bonding We Will Study IONIC BONDING Textbook says: Ionic bonding is the chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions. For Example:
Sodium Atom Electronegativity
0.9
Ionization Energy
496 kJ/mol
Chlorine Atom 3.0 1251 kJ/mol
What do you predict will happen between these nuclei and valence electrons? Check out your prediction by watching this animation:
Summarize with an illustration
Why is there a change in radius? Na --> Na+
Cl --> Cl-
What about the textbook definition:
"the electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions”
The many cations and anions get organized For NaCl the shape of the crystal is cubic. Each Na+ is surrounded by 6 Cl- and each Cl- is surrounded by 6 Na+ Other ionic compounds have different crystal shapes, but all have a regular, repeating 3 D pattern called a crystal lattice.
Why does bonding occur?
Ionic Compound NaCl What is the ratio of ions in this formula?
Sodium chloride
Why is the formula in a______ratio when the crystal lattice has many cations and anions in the cubic structure?
The chemical formula for an ionic compound is called an Empirical Formula. This formula provides the simplest whole number ratio of ions that produces a neutral arrangement.
How can I determine the empirical formula for the ionic compound formed with Calcium and Chlorine?
Chemical Bonds
Background Compounds are pure substances formed when 2 or more elements chemically combine; chemically bond. Chemical bonds in compounds are the forces of attraction between atoms. These forces, called electrostatic forces, are caused by the attraction of opposite charges. Why do atoms bond? The Octet Rule tells us:
Atoms gain, lose or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons; the stable electron configuration of a noble gas. Not all atoms use the same electrostatic forces to bond. The forces used will determine the bond type within the compound. Types of Electrostatic Forces Used to Hold 2 Atoms Together 1.The attraction between positive and negative ions 2. The attraction between the positive nucleus of one atom and the negative electrons (valence e-s) of another atom Types of Chemical Bonds 4 Types Ionic Bond Non-polar Covalent Polar Covalent Metallic Bond How Bond Types are Differentiated
Types of elements involved
Type of electrostatic forces
Range of electronegativity differences found in the bond
The type of compounds produced and the physical and chemical properties of those compounds
First Type of Bonding We Will Study IONIC BONDING Textbook says: Ionic bonding is the chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions. For Example:
Sodium Atom Electronegativity
0.9
Ionization Energy
496 kJ/mol
Chlorine Atom 3.0 1251 kJ/mol
What do you predict will happen between these nuclei and valence electrons? Check out your prediction by watching this animation:
Summarize with an illustration
Why is there a change in radius? Na --> Na+
Cl --> Cl-
What about the textbook definition:
"the electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions”
The many cations and anions get organized For NaCl the shape of the crystal is cubic. Each Na+ is surrounded by 6 Cl- and each Cl- is surrounded by 6 Na+ Other ionic compounds have different crystal shapes, but all have a regular, repeating 3 D pattern called a crystal lattice.
Why does bonding occur?
Ionic Compound NaCl What is the ratio of ions in this formula?
Sodium chloride
Why is the formula in a______ratio when the crystal lattice has many cations and anions in the cubic structure?
The chemical formula for an ionic compound is called an Empirical Formula. This formula provides the simplest whole number ratio of ions that produces a neutral arrangement.
How can I determine the empirical formula for the ionic compound formed with Calcium and Chlorine?
