breaking down barriers
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate Page 1
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate Policy-CX, LD-Value, Public Forum, Parli
Written by Jim Hanson
www.wcpublishing.com
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate Page 2
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate covers virtually every aspect of contemporary academic debate.
Welcome to a flexible, step by step approach to the exciting activity of debate. BASIC SKILLS FOR ALL DEBATERS Student are introduced to what debate is, to making arguments, to providing reasons and/or tagging and source citing evidence, preparing cases, refuting and rebuilding arguments, and doing cross-examination, crossfire or points of information. They build toward mini-debates—short one on one debates.
POLICY DEBATE Policy debaters learn the policy issues and how to prepare and respond to affirmative cases, disadvantages, counterplans, kritiks, and topicality. They engage in drills for each of these kinds of arguments, participate in short and full debates, and then learn advanced theory and strategies about affirmative and negative strategies, performance, permutations, conditionality, topicality, etc.
LD DEBATE Value debaters learn the value issues and how to write an affirmative and negative case, backup briefs, and case responses. Then, they engage in Lincoln-Douglas debates and are exposed to advanced strategies, philosophers, values, value alternatives, resolutionality, and rebuttal skills.
PUBLIC FORUM DEBATE Students are introduced to public forum debate and its emphasis on public audience and current issues, given tools for preparing cases, given ideas for handling the coin flip, crossfires, summaries, and final focus.
PARLI DEBATE Students are introduced to parliamentary debate, shown how to prepare cases in limited preparation time, taught how to refute and rebuild arguments, shown how to handle points of information and points of order, and rebuttal speeches.
ADVANCED DEBATING SKILLS This section provides advanced tips on refutation, cross-examination, judge adaptation, and what to do before, during and at tournaments.
ADVANCED RESEARCH SKILLS Learn advanced skills for research assignments, using the library, using the Internet, and more.
www.wcpublishing.com
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate Page 3
BREAKING DOWN BARRIERS HOW TO DEBATE
Written by: Jim Hanson
Illustrations by:
with thanks for the assistance of Amy Smith, Andrew Stokes, Ben Sovacool, Beth Schueler, Brian Simmonds, Des Weber, Jeff Buntin, Jeff Shaw, Jonathan Dentler, Joseph Zompetti, Lindsey Van Luvanee, Matt Rosenbaum, Meghan Hughes, Mike Meredith, Nick Robinson, Rick Brudage, Ross Richendrfer, Tom Friedenbach and Will Gent.
Jeff Pearson, Judy Sorrels, Sandra Ruth, Matt Piedmont, Microsoft Clipart, and Presentation Taskforce Art Photos by: Ben Sovacool, Sean Harris and Jim Hanson
This book is dedicated to: Sister Carol Ann Warnke Jeff Pearson Terry Mcinnis
Version 4.5 (2014 Edition) is COPYRIGHT JULY, 2014. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sharing, Printing and Photocopying Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate You may share electronic and print copies of the Breaking Down Barriers Textbooks and Prepbooks with members of your team so long as you tell them and they agree that they may share it only with people from your team. You may not share, give access to, or distribute these books with anyone other than those on your school’s team. If someone on your team makes major modifications to a page by including material from other sources, then you may share that modified page with people who are not on your team. For other situations, you can e-mail us at [email protected] and seek our consent.
West Coast Publishing www.wcdebate.com [email protected]
www.wcpublishing.com
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate Page 4 MANY THANKS TO: my debate partners, especially Tina Feil, Fiona Elbert, Jon Barker, Jeff Parcher, and Mark West; former teammates, especially John O’Brien and Debbie Halbert; former coaches, especially Mary McIntosh-McCoy, Mark Hart, Larry Richardson, Edward Inch, Ken Bahm, and Jim Maddock; debaters I have coached at Whitman College, the University of Washington, the University of Southern California, and Kennedy and Interlake High School (1978-1988). In addition, special thanks go to Mark Little, Jason Whiteley, and Ken Bahm whose critiques of rough drafts for the first versions of this book were invaluable; to Tina Roe for illustration ideas; to Mark Lemmon and Reine Lochivar for the use of their cameras; and to my Mom for her computer when I wrote the first, second, and third editions. (1990, 1992, 1993, 1995) Jared Phillips, Loan Lam, Ryan Hagemann, Beverly Hanson, Glenn Kuper, and especially Sean Harris and Steve Rowe were instrumental in helping me finish the third version of the textbook (1996). John Voight, Jamey Dumas, Chad Rigsby, and Sarah Peterson helped me complete version 3.1. (1997) J.P. Lacy, Adam Symonds, Ryan Scoville and Jessica Clarke added ideas for the completion of version 3.2 and 3.2a. (1998, 1999) Brian Simmonds was instrumental to the completion of version 3.5. (2000) Ben Sovacool, Beth Schueler, Brian Simmonds, Des Weber, Jeff Buntin, Jeff Shaw, Meghan Hughes, Mike Meredith, Rick Brudage, and Ross Richendrfer were instrumental to the completion of version 4.0 (the 2007 version). Andrew Stokes was instrumental to the completion of Version 4.1 (the 2008 version). Amy Smith, Will Gent, Jonathan Dentler, and Ross Richendrfer were instrumental to the completion of Version 4.2 (the 2009 version). Thanks to all my supporters in giving me the encouragement to complete Versions 4.3 and 4.5 (the 2013 and 2014 versions). Previous versions of this textbook Debating on Snow (1978; updated in 1979) Debating the Snow Job (1981; updated in 1982) Breaking Down Barriers: Academic Debate 1.0 (1982) Breaking Down Barriers: Academic Debate 2.0 (1983) Breaking Down Barriers: Academic Debate 3.0 (1984) Breaking Down Barriers: The Workbook (1986; updated in 1987) Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate CEDA (1987) Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate 1.0 (1989) Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 (1990; updated in 1992, 1993, 1995) Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate 3.0, 3.2, 3.2a, 3.5 (1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000) Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.5 (2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014)
www.wcpublishing.com
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate Page 5
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Jim began his speech and debate career in high school, competing for four years in policy debate, earning a state quarterfinalist award in AAA policy debate. As a competitor for Western Washington University, Jim won over one hundred awards including the Northwest Coach’s Commemorative Award for top Northwest speaker and debater, and first place and first speaker at the Western Speech Communication Association tournament. During his senior year, he and his partner won seven first places at Gonzaga University, Jim Hanson, Ph. D. Lewis and Clark University, University of Southern Professor, Long Time California, University of California at Los Angeles, Director of Forensics Brigham Young University, Oregon State University, and Louisiana State University. He and his partner also took President of the Educational fifth place at the Cross-Examination Debate Association Non-Profit, West Coast National Championship. Publishing As a coach, Jim has worked at both the high Author of Breaking Down school and college levels. He coached at John F. Barriers: How to Debate Kennedy High School in Seattle, Washington for four years and watched his top team win the 1984 state AAA Director of Programs of the Educational Non-Profit, Climb championship. From 1988-1989 he coached at Interlake the Mountain Speech and High School and helped coach teams to #1 in LincolnDebate Foundation Douglas and #2 in Policy debate at the state AAA championship. In addition, he has worked at the Western Washington University, Gonzaga University, Seattle, and Tacoma Debate Institutes, and directed the Bellevue Debate Institute and the Whitman National Debate Institute. He served as an assistant coach at the University of Southern California which qualified six teams to the National Debate Tournament and a number of individual events competitors to the National Individual Events Tournament during his time there. Jim has coached at the collegiate level for over 25 years. He had teams in the finals of the CEDA National Championship Tournament in 1999, 2002, 2010, and 2012; had the number one NPDA squad in 2005 and 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013; had a 2004 and 2011 NPTE and 2005 and 2012 NPDA Finalist, has received 8 first round NDT bids, has had teams in elims at CEDA Nationals for 20 years in a row, had a 2003 NDT semi-finalist, and set an all time record when the squad advanced 6 of 6 teams to the elimination rounds at the 2006 CEDA Nationals. He is also coach of the smallest school in the history of the NDT to qualify three teams (2007). In 2009 and 2010, he had teams in all four national championship tournaments (NDT, CEDA, NPTE, NPDA), among hundreds and hundreds of awards his teams have won. In addition to his work in forensics, Jim has written numerous scholarly papers. His work focuses on argumentation, rhetorical theory and criticism, particularly of legal communication. He has co-authored five top competitive panel papers at communication conferences. He recently coauthored a Free Speech Yearbook article “The Fighting Words Doctrine: A History of Balancing Order and Liberty.” He wrote an article entitled “Justifying www.wcpublishing.com
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate Page 6 Decisions: Good Ballots Give Good Reasons” for the Southern Journal of Forensics. His articles, “Argument Fields, Logical Types, and Shared Purposes” and “Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels Defend the Communist Society: Refutation in the Communist Manifesto” are featured in the ALTA Argumentation Conference Proceedings. He has also written, “Can Americans Defend The Ideals of Their Flag? An Analysis of The Protective Rhetoric Opposing the Burning of the U.S. Flag,” featured in the Iowa Journal of Speech Communication. With Kristine Bartanen, he also wrote “Advocating Humane Discourse,” in The Forensic which provided support and guidelines for treating judges and competitors courteously. He has written several times for the National Forensic League Rostrum magazine including the article “Adapting is Cueing Judges' Reconstructions of Debates.” Jim won three prestigious coach of the year awards, the Lucy Keele award for contributions to the debate community, an environmental award for his efforts to encourage paperless debating, and a Mellon grant for promoting diversity. He also has been on the editorial board for the Contemporary Argumentation and Debate journal, and he edits and publishes the West Coast Policy, LD, and Public Forum Evidence and Topic Analysis files, and NewsViews articles. Jim is currently the National Debate Tournament Ranking Director and Treasurer of the National Parliamentary Tournament of Excellence, for which he was President for seven years. Jim has now started a non-profit educational organization, Climb the Mountain Speech and Debate Foundation, dedicated to supporting forensics.
www.wcpublishing.com
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate Policy-CX, LD-Value, Public Forum, Parli
Written by Jim Hanson
www.wcpublishing.com
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate Page 2
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate covers virtually every aspect of contemporary academic debate.
Welcome to a flexible, step by step approach to the exciting activity of debate. BASIC SKILLS FOR ALL DEBATERS Student are introduced to what debate is, to making arguments, to providing reasons and/or tagging and source citing evidence, preparing cases, refuting and rebuilding arguments, and doing cross-examination, crossfire or points of information. They build toward mini-debates—short one on one debates.
POLICY DEBATE Policy debaters learn the policy issues and how to prepare and respond to affirmative cases, disadvantages, counterplans, kritiks, and topicality. They engage in drills for each of these kinds of arguments, participate in short and full debates, and then learn advanced theory and strategies about affirmative and negative strategies, performance, permutations, conditionality, topicality, etc.
LD DEBATE Value debaters learn the value issues and how to write an affirmative and negative case, backup briefs, and case responses. Then, they engage in Lincoln-Douglas debates and are exposed to advanced strategies, philosophers, values, value alternatives, resolutionality, and rebuttal skills.
PUBLIC FORUM DEBATE Students are introduced to public forum debate and its emphasis on public audience and current issues, given tools for preparing cases, given ideas for handling the coin flip, crossfires, summaries, and final focus.
PARLI DEBATE Students are introduced to parliamentary debate, shown how to prepare cases in limited preparation time, taught how to refute and rebuild arguments, shown how to handle points of information and points of order, and rebuttal speeches.
ADVANCED DEBATING SKILLS This section provides advanced tips on refutation, cross-examination, judge adaptation, and what to do before, during and at tournaments.
ADVANCED RESEARCH SKILLS Learn advanced skills for research assignments, using the library, using the Internet, and more.
www.wcpublishing.com
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate Page 3
BREAKING DOWN BARRIERS HOW TO DEBATE
Written by: Jim Hanson
Illustrations by:
with thanks for the assistance of Amy Smith, Andrew Stokes, Ben Sovacool, Beth Schueler, Brian Simmonds, Des Weber, Jeff Buntin, Jeff Shaw, Jonathan Dentler, Joseph Zompetti, Lindsey Van Luvanee, Matt Rosenbaum, Meghan Hughes, Mike Meredith, Nick Robinson, Rick Brudage, Ross Richendrfer, Tom Friedenbach and Will Gent.
Jeff Pearson, Judy Sorrels, Sandra Ruth, Matt Piedmont, Microsoft Clipart, and Presentation Taskforce Art Photos by: Ben Sovacool, Sean Harris and Jim Hanson
This book is dedicated to: Sister Carol Ann Warnke Jeff Pearson Terry Mcinnis
Version 4.5 (2014 Edition) is COPYRIGHT JULY, 2014. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sharing, Printing and Photocopying Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate You may share electronic and print copies of the Breaking Down Barriers Textbooks and Prepbooks with members of your team so long as you tell them and they agree that they may share it only with people from your team. You may not share, give access to, or distribute these books with anyone other than those on your school’s team. If someone on your team makes major modifications to a page by including material from other sources, then you may share that modified page with people who are not on your team. For other situations, you can e-mail us at [email protected] and seek our consent.
West Coast Publishing www.wcdebate.com [email protected]
www.wcpublishing.com
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate Page 4 MANY THANKS TO: my debate partners, especially Tina Feil, Fiona Elbert, Jon Barker, Jeff Parcher, and Mark West; former teammates, especially John O’Brien and Debbie Halbert; former coaches, especially Mary McIntosh-McCoy, Mark Hart, Larry Richardson, Edward Inch, Ken Bahm, and Jim Maddock; debaters I have coached at Whitman College, the University of Washington, the University of Southern California, and Kennedy and Interlake High School (1978-1988). In addition, special thanks go to Mark Little, Jason Whiteley, and Ken Bahm whose critiques of rough drafts for the first versions of this book were invaluable; to Tina Roe for illustration ideas; to Mark Lemmon and Reine Lochivar for the use of their cameras; and to my Mom for her computer when I wrote the first, second, and third editions. (1990, 1992, 1993, 1995) Jared Phillips, Loan Lam, Ryan Hagemann, Beverly Hanson, Glenn Kuper, and especially Sean Harris and Steve Rowe were instrumental in helping me finish the third version of the textbook (1996). John Voight, Jamey Dumas, Chad Rigsby, and Sarah Peterson helped me complete version 3.1. (1997) J.P. Lacy, Adam Symonds, Ryan Scoville and Jessica Clarke added ideas for the completion of version 3.2 and 3.2a. (1998, 1999) Brian Simmonds was instrumental to the completion of version 3.5. (2000) Ben Sovacool, Beth Schueler, Brian Simmonds, Des Weber, Jeff Buntin, Jeff Shaw, Meghan Hughes, Mike Meredith, Rick Brudage, and Ross Richendrfer were instrumental to the completion of version 4.0 (the 2007 version). Andrew Stokes was instrumental to the completion of Version 4.1 (the 2008 version). Amy Smith, Will Gent, Jonathan Dentler, and Ross Richendrfer were instrumental to the completion of Version 4.2 (the 2009 version). Thanks to all my supporters in giving me the encouragement to complete Versions 4.3 and 4.5 (the 2013 and 2014 versions). Previous versions of this textbook Debating on Snow (1978; updated in 1979) Debating the Snow Job (1981; updated in 1982) Breaking Down Barriers: Academic Debate 1.0 (1982) Breaking Down Barriers: Academic Debate 2.0 (1983) Breaking Down Barriers: Academic Debate 3.0 (1984) Breaking Down Barriers: The Workbook (1986; updated in 1987) Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate CEDA (1987) Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate 1.0 (1989) Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 (1990; updated in 1992, 1993, 1995) Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate 3.0, 3.2, 3.2a, 3.5 (1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000) Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.5 (2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014)
www.wcpublishing.com
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate Page 5
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Jim began his speech and debate career in high school, competing for four years in policy debate, earning a state quarterfinalist award in AAA policy debate. As a competitor for Western Washington University, Jim won over one hundred awards including the Northwest Coach’s Commemorative Award for top Northwest speaker and debater, and first place and first speaker at the Western Speech Communication Association tournament. During his senior year, he and his partner won seven first places at Gonzaga University, Jim Hanson, Ph. D. Lewis and Clark University, University of Southern Professor, Long Time California, University of California at Los Angeles, Director of Forensics Brigham Young University, Oregon State University, and Louisiana State University. He and his partner also took President of the Educational fifth place at the Cross-Examination Debate Association Non-Profit, West Coast National Championship. Publishing As a coach, Jim has worked at both the high Author of Breaking Down school and college levels. He coached at John F. Barriers: How to Debate Kennedy High School in Seattle, Washington for four years and watched his top team win the 1984 state AAA Director of Programs of the Educational Non-Profit, Climb championship. From 1988-1989 he coached at Interlake the Mountain Speech and High School and helped coach teams to #1 in LincolnDebate Foundation Douglas and #2 in Policy debate at the state AAA championship. In addition, he has worked at the Western Washington University, Gonzaga University, Seattle, and Tacoma Debate Institutes, and directed the Bellevue Debate Institute and the Whitman National Debate Institute. He served as an assistant coach at the University of Southern California which qualified six teams to the National Debate Tournament and a number of individual events competitors to the National Individual Events Tournament during his time there. Jim has coached at the collegiate level for over 25 years. He had teams in the finals of the CEDA National Championship Tournament in 1999, 2002, 2010, and 2012; had the number one NPDA squad in 2005 and 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013; had a 2004 and 2011 NPTE and 2005 and 2012 NPDA Finalist, has received 8 first round NDT bids, has had teams in elims at CEDA Nationals for 20 years in a row, had a 2003 NDT semi-finalist, and set an all time record when the squad advanced 6 of 6 teams to the elimination rounds at the 2006 CEDA Nationals. He is also coach of the smallest school in the history of the NDT to qualify three teams (2007). In 2009 and 2010, he had teams in all four national championship tournaments (NDT, CEDA, NPTE, NPDA), among hundreds and hundreds of awards his teams have won. In addition to his work in forensics, Jim has written numerous scholarly papers. His work focuses on argumentation, rhetorical theory and criticism, particularly of legal communication. He has co-authored five top competitive panel papers at communication conferences. He recently coauthored a Free Speech Yearbook article “The Fighting Words Doctrine: A History of Balancing Order and Liberty.” He wrote an article entitled “Justifying www.wcpublishing.com
Breaking Down Barriers: How to Debate Page 6 Decisions: Good Ballots Give Good Reasons” for the Southern Journal of Forensics. His articles, “Argument Fields, Logical Types, and Shared Purposes” and “Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels Defend the Communist Society: Refutation in the Communist Manifesto” are featured in the ALTA Argumentation Conference Proceedings. He has also written, “Can Americans Defend The Ideals of Their Flag? An Analysis of The Protective Rhetoric Opposing the Burning of the U.S. Flag,” featured in the Iowa Journal of Speech Communication. With Kristine Bartanen, he also wrote “Advocating Humane Discourse,” in The Forensic which provided support and guidelines for treating judges and competitors courteously. He has written several times for the National Forensic League Rostrum magazine including the article “Adapting is Cueing Judges' Reconstructions of Debates.” Jim won three prestigious coach of the year awards, the Lucy Keele award for contributions to the debate community, an environmental award for his efforts to encourage paperless debating, and a Mellon grant for promoting diversity. He also has been on the editorial board for the Contemporary Argumentation and Debate journal, and he edits and publishes the West Coast Policy, LD, and Public Forum Evidence and Topic Analysis files, and NewsViews articles. Jim is currently the National Debate Tournament Ranking Director and Treasurer of the National Parliamentary Tournament of Excellence, for which he was President for seven years. Jim has now started a non-profit educational organization, Climb the Mountain Speech and Debate Foundation, dedicated to supporting forensics.
www.wcpublishing.com
