Brunson et al LightSystemsvsLowLightSystems
Jeffrey F. Brunson, Edward DuRant, and John W. Leffler
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources James A. Waddell Mariculture Center Bluffton, South Carolina
Potential Benefits of Biofloc y Reduced water use y Greater biosecurity y Reduced capitalization
cost y Flexibility in site selection
Potential Benefits of Indoor Production y Reduced heating costs y Nov 11‐Feb 5, 3142 gallons of propane‐> $6619 y 29% of cost of production
y Greater control over photoautotrophic microbial
community
Experimental System Greenhouse System
Indoor System
y Steel framed, polyethylene
y Steel “quonset” style building,
film covering y 30.5 m², EPDM lined raceways, 72 cm water depth y Full natural lighting
insulated, unheated y 6.1 m diameter, 29.2 m² fiberglass tanks, 75 cm depth y Two 500 W halogen lights
Experimental System y Both systems: y Zero exchange, no solids removal y Culture tanks seeded with established biofloc
water y Air supplied by regenerative blowers and aluminum oxide airstones y Heat supplied by 6ooo watt immersion heaters
Stocking y Stocking date January 11, 2011 y Initial size, 1.87 g y Stocked by weight y 7120 shrimp/tank
324 shrimp/m³
Husbandry y Fed Zeigler Shrimp Grower HI 35%, 3 times daily y DO, temperature, salinity and pH measured twice
daily y NH3‐N, NO2‐N, NO3‐N, PO4, alkalinity, turbidity, TSS, VSS, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a weekly y Sampled weekly up to week 5, and then biweekly thereafter.
Daily Water Quality T (⁰C) Light Treatment 24.46 Min 31.46 Max Mean 28.23 Dark Treatment 25.2 Min 29.65 Max Mean 28.33
DO (mg/L) 3.59
pH 6.54
Salinity (ppt) 25.36
6.76
7.99
32.91
4.90
7.36
27.44
3.36
6.54
24.81
6.61
7.99
32.75
4.97
7.35
27.09
0.0 0.0
5/3/2011 4/20/2011 4/5/2011 3/22/2011
50.0
Dark Treatment
3/7/2011
Dark Treatment 50 100.0
Light Treatment
2/15/2011
0
5/3/2011 4/20/2011 4/5/2011 3/22/2011 3/7/2011 2/15/2011 2/1/2011
1/18/2011
2/1/2011
2/15/2011
3/7/2011
3/22/2011
4/5/2011
4/20/2011
5/3/2011
1/18/2011
0.0
Light Treatment 100 150.0
2/1/2011 1/18/2011
5/3/2011 4/20/2011 4/5/2011 3/22/2011 3/7/2011 2/15/2011 2/1/2011 1/18/2011
250.0
ppm
Dark Treatment 1.0
Alkalinity 300.0
0.5 Dark Treatment
Light Treatment 2.0
mg/L CaCO3
5.0
1.0 Light Treatment 3.0
NO2‐N 2.0
NH3‐N 6.0
1.5 4.0
ppm
2.5 7.0
150
NO3‐N 200.0
ppm
Nitrogen Cycling
200
TSS 120
Light Treatment Dark Treatment Dark Treatment 40
mg/L
Turbidity 140
Light Treatment 80
60
100
20
Dark Treatment
5/3/2011
Light Treatment
4/20/2011 4/5/2011 3/22/2011 3/7/2011 2/15/2011 2/1/2011 1/18/2011
5/3/2011 4/20/2011 4/5/2011 3/22/2011 3/7/2011 2/15/2011 2/1/2011 1/18/2011
VSS
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
mg/L 160
0
900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
NTU
Solids
5/3/2011 4/20/2011 4/5/2011 3/22/2011 3/7/2011 2/15/2011 2/1/2011 1/18/2011
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) 400‐700 nm Surface
66‐cm depth
Light RW3
64.1 ± 9.5
0.00046 ± 0.00027
RW4
67.7 ± 7.8
0.00052 ± 0.00022
RW5
73.8 ± 7.8
0.00081 ± 0.00045
Mean
68.6 ± 8.7
0.00060 ± 0.00034
Dark Tank 1
0.0132 ±.0037
0.00052 ± 0.00035
Tank 2
0.0199 ± .0048
0.00030 ± 0.00010
Tank 3
0.0025 ± .0004
0.00030 ± 0.00030
Mean
0.0119 ± 0.0081 in µmol s‐1 m‐2
0.00040 ± 0.00030
400
500
light treatment (mean) 200
dark treatment (mean) 100
0
Light Tank 300
ug/L
Total Chlorophyll 600
4/26/2011 4/20/2011 4/13/2011 4/5/2011
5/3/2011 4/26/2011 4/20/2011 4/13/2011 4/5/2011
3/1/2011
3/7/2011
3/15/2011
3/22/2011
2/15/2011
3/1/2011
3/7/2011
3/15/2011
3/22/2011
3/29/2011
2/15/2011
2/8/2011
3/29/2011
2/8/2011
TSS
2/1/2011
0
2/1/2011
200
1/25/2011
400
1/25/2011 800
1/18/2011 1000
1/18/2011 600
mg/L
Chlorophyll 700
Respiration and GPP Water Column Microbial Respiration and Photosynthetic Rate (mg O2/L‐hr) 4/14/2011 1.20 A
mgO2/L‐hr
1.00
A
A
A
A
A
0.80 0.60 0.40
b
a
a
0.20 c
c
c
0.00 Light1
Light2
Light3
Resp. mgO2/hr
Dark1
Dark2
GPP mgO2/hr
Dark3
Production Parameters Survival
Mean Weight Production (g) (kg/m³)
FCR
Light
77.0 ± 10.9a
14.1 ± 0.3b
3.33 ± 0.14c
1.93 ± 0.1d
Dark
73.2 ± 1.5a
13.6 ± 1.2b
3.36 ± 0.25c
1.91 ± 0.17d
Range
68.7 – 89.4
12.6 – 14.9
3.15 ‐ 3.64
1.73 – 2.07
Mean ± SD
No significant differences in mean survival, harvest weight, production or FCR at P
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources James A. Waddell Mariculture Center Bluffton, South Carolina
Potential Benefits of Biofloc y Reduced water use y Greater biosecurity y Reduced capitalization
cost y Flexibility in site selection
Potential Benefits of Indoor Production y Reduced heating costs y Nov 11‐Feb 5, 3142 gallons of propane‐> $6619 y 29% of cost of production
y Greater control over photoautotrophic microbial
community
Experimental System Greenhouse System
Indoor System
y Steel framed, polyethylene
y Steel “quonset” style building,
film covering y 30.5 m², EPDM lined raceways, 72 cm water depth y Full natural lighting
insulated, unheated y 6.1 m diameter, 29.2 m² fiberglass tanks, 75 cm depth y Two 500 W halogen lights
Experimental System y Both systems: y Zero exchange, no solids removal y Culture tanks seeded with established biofloc
water y Air supplied by regenerative blowers and aluminum oxide airstones y Heat supplied by 6ooo watt immersion heaters
Stocking y Stocking date January 11, 2011 y Initial size, 1.87 g y Stocked by weight y 7120 shrimp/tank
324 shrimp/m³
Husbandry y Fed Zeigler Shrimp Grower HI 35%, 3 times daily y DO, temperature, salinity and pH measured twice
daily y NH3‐N, NO2‐N, NO3‐N, PO4, alkalinity, turbidity, TSS, VSS, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a weekly y Sampled weekly up to week 5, and then biweekly thereafter.
Daily Water Quality T (⁰C) Light Treatment 24.46 Min 31.46 Max Mean 28.23 Dark Treatment 25.2 Min 29.65 Max Mean 28.33
DO (mg/L) 3.59
pH 6.54
Salinity (ppt) 25.36
6.76
7.99
32.91
4.90
7.36
27.44
3.36
6.54
24.81
6.61
7.99
32.75
4.97
7.35
27.09
0.0 0.0
5/3/2011 4/20/2011 4/5/2011 3/22/2011
50.0
Dark Treatment
3/7/2011
Dark Treatment 50 100.0
Light Treatment
2/15/2011
0
5/3/2011 4/20/2011 4/5/2011 3/22/2011 3/7/2011 2/15/2011 2/1/2011
1/18/2011
2/1/2011
2/15/2011
3/7/2011
3/22/2011
4/5/2011
4/20/2011
5/3/2011
1/18/2011
0.0
Light Treatment 100 150.0
2/1/2011 1/18/2011
5/3/2011 4/20/2011 4/5/2011 3/22/2011 3/7/2011 2/15/2011 2/1/2011 1/18/2011
250.0
ppm
Dark Treatment 1.0
Alkalinity 300.0
0.5 Dark Treatment
Light Treatment 2.0
mg/L CaCO3
5.0
1.0 Light Treatment 3.0
NO2‐N 2.0
NH3‐N 6.0
1.5 4.0
ppm
2.5 7.0
150
NO3‐N 200.0
ppm
Nitrogen Cycling
200
TSS 120
Light Treatment Dark Treatment Dark Treatment 40
mg/L
Turbidity 140
Light Treatment 80
60
100
20
Dark Treatment
5/3/2011
Light Treatment
4/20/2011 4/5/2011 3/22/2011 3/7/2011 2/15/2011 2/1/2011 1/18/2011
5/3/2011 4/20/2011 4/5/2011 3/22/2011 3/7/2011 2/15/2011 2/1/2011 1/18/2011
VSS
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
mg/L 160
0
900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
NTU
Solids
5/3/2011 4/20/2011 4/5/2011 3/22/2011 3/7/2011 2/15/2011 2/1/2011 1/18/2011
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) 400‐700 nm Surface
66‐cm depth
Light RW3
64.1 ± 9.5
0.00046 ± 0.00027
RW4
67.7 ± 7.8
0.00052 ± 0.00022
RW5
73.8 ± 7.8
0.00081 ± 0.00045
Mean
68.6 ± 8.7
0.00060 ± 0.00034
Dark Tank 1
0.0132 ±.0037
0.00052 ± 0.00035
Tank 2
0.0199 ± .0048
0.00030 ± 0.00010
Tank 3
0.0025 ± .0004
0.00030 ± 0.00030
Mean
0.0119 ± 0.0081 in µmol s‐1 m‐2
0.00040 ± 0.00030
400
500
light treatment (mean) 200
dark treatment (mean) 100
0
Light Tank 300
ug/L
Total Chlorophyll 600
4/26/2011 4/20/2011 4/13/2011 4/5/2011
5/3/2011 4/26/2011 4/20/2011 4/13/2011 4/5/2011
3/1/2011
3/7/2011
3/15/2011
3/22/2011
2/15/2011
3/1/2011
3/7/2011
3/15/2011
3/22/2011
3/29/2011
2/15/2011
2/8/2011
3/29/2011
2/8/2011
TSS
2/1/2011
0
2/1/2011
200
1/25/2011
400
1/25/2011 800
1/18/2011 1000
1/18/2011 600
mg/L
Chlorophyll 700
Respiration and GPP Water Column Microbial Respiration and Photosynthetic Rate (mg O2/L‐hr) 4/14/2011 1.20 A
mgO2/L‐hr
1.00
A
A
A
A
A
0.80 0.60 0.40
b
a
a
0.20 c
c
c
0.00 Light1
Light2
Light3
Resp. mgO2/hr
Dark1
Dark2
GPP mgO2/hr
Dark3
Production Parameters Survival
Mean Weight Production (g) (kg/m³)
FCR
Light
77.0 ± 10.9a
14.1 ± 0.3b
3.33 ± 0.14c
1.93 ± 0.1d
Dark
73.2 ± 1.5a
13.6 ± 1.2b
3.36 ± 0.25c
1.91 ± 0.17d
Range
68.7 – 89.4
12.6 – 14.9
3.15 ‐ 3.64
1.73 – 2.07
Mean ± SD
No significant differences in mean survival, harvest weight, production or FCR at P
