Cape Fear River Basin Model Instream Flow Analysis This document contains the complete set of charts and tables developed during the analysis developed as part of the March 2008 study of future water use in the Cape Fear River Basin.
VI.
Instream Flow Evaluation
Predicted stream flows at certain points of interest were evaluated. The purpose of examining instream flows is to evaluate potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems - including fish and other aquatic organisms - that could be caused by changes in flows resulting from reservoir operations or water supply withdrawals. The following table shows the nodes of interest that were identified through discussions with the NC Wildlife Resources Commission. NCWRC also expressed interest in assessing instream flows on Rockfish Creek, Upper Little River and Rocky River, but because of the way the system is modeled, this was not possible. Table: Nodes of Interest for Instream Flow River Location / Section Deep River Haw River Haw River Cape Fear River Deep River Little River Cape Fear River Cape Fear River Cape Fear River
Middle portion Middle portion Lower portion Lillington Lower portion Lower portion Lock and Dam #3 Lock and Dam #2 Lock and Dam #1
The following map shows the geographic locations of the points of interest.
Node 280 360 410 550 640 720 780 790 820
Analysis of Instream Flows An adaptation of the Tennant Method1 for evaluating instream flows was used for evaluating the modeled instream flows. Under this method, daily stream flows are compared to the historical average annual flow at the point of interest. The historical average annual flow was determined using the model under the unimpaired scenario. Depending on the percentage of annual flow, the Tennant Method provides guidelines for evaluating the adequacy of the flow for the given time of the year. Table 2 summarizes these guidelines. 1
Table 2: Modified Tennant Method Guidelines for Evaluating Instream Flows
Description of Flow Levels
March to May
June to November
December to February
Level 1
< 10% of QAA*
Severe Degradation
Severe Degradation
Severe Degradation
Level 2
10 - 20% of QAA
Poor or Minimum
Fair or Degrading
Fair or Degrading
Level 3
20 - 30% of QAA
Fair or Degrading
Good
Good
Level 4
30 - 40% of QAA
Good
Excellent
Excellent
Level 5
40 - 50% of QAA
Excellent
Outstanding
Outstanding
Level 6
Outstanding
Outstanding
Outstanding
Optimum
Optimum
Optimum
Level 8
50 - 60% of QAA 60 - 100% of QAA 100 - 200% of QAA
Optimum to Flushing
Optimum to Flushing
Level 9
>200 of QAA
Optimum to Flushing Flushing or Maximum Flow
Flushing or Maximum Flow
Flushing or Maximum Flow
Level 7
*QAA is the Average Annual Flow
The Tennant method is used as a preliminary screening device to see how projected increases in water use will affect stream flows at selected locations. When new or increased water withdrawals are planned, the permitting process will require site-specific instream flow studies to determine required instream flow levels. The following plots show an example of a summary of stream flow levels using the Tennant Method for one of the points of interests identified in Table 1. Daily stream flows at all points of interest were estimated using the model for the entire 75-year record. Then, the percentage of days over the 75-year period within each of the various stream flow ranges was calculated. The complete summary of results at all points of interest will be made available on the Division of Water Resources website under Cape Fear River Basin Planning.
*QAA (average annual flow) at Node 280 = 227 mgd Table: Stream Condition: Middle Deep River (Node 280) Level
Dec-Feb
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2003 Demands
Unimpaired
< 10% of QAA* 10 - 20% of QAA 20 - 30% of QAA 30 - 40% of QAA 40 - 50% of QAA 50 - 60% of QAA 60 - 100% of QAA 100 - 200% of QAA >200 of QAA
2030 Demands
2050 Demands
0.3% 1.9% 5.3% 6.5% 6.2% 6.8% 23.6%
0.2% 2.9% 6.7% 6.8% 6.1% 6.6% 22.5%
0.1% 4.1% 7.1% 6.6% 6.8% 6.8% 21.6%
0.1% 4.0% 7.8% 6.8% 6.8% 7.1% 21.0%
28.4% 20.9%
27.6% 20.5%
26.7% 20.2%
26.5% 19.9%
Stream Condition Middle Deep River (Node 280) March-May Spawning Impacts 30.0% < 10% of QAA*
% of Days at Flow Level
25.0%
10 - 20% of QAA 20 - 30% of QAA
20.0%
30 - 40% of QAA 15.0%
40 - 50% of QAA 50 - 60% of QAA
10.0%
60 - 100% of QAA 100 - 200% of QAA
5.0%
>200 of QAA
0.0% Unimpaired
2003 Demands
2030 Demands
2050 Demands
*QAA (average annual flow) at Node 280 = 227 mgd Mar-May < 10% of QAA* 10 - 20% of QAA 20 - 30% of QAA
Unimpaired 0.3% 3.5% 5.4%
2003 Demands 0.0% 5.5% 8.0%
2030 Demands 0.0% 6.5% 8.3%
2050 Demands 0.0% 6.5% 8.6%
30 - 40% of QAA 40 - 50% of QAA 50 - 60% of QAA 60 - 100% of QAA 100 - 200% of QAA >200 of QAA
6.9% 7.3% 7.1% 23.3%
6.7% 7.1% 6.5% 21.3%
6.6% 7.1% 6.8% 20.8%
6.7% 7.1% 6.9% 20.5%
26.6% 19.5%
25.8% 19.1%
25.2% 18.8%
25.0% 18.7%
Stream Condition Middle Deep River (Node 280) June - November 35.0%
% of Days at Flow Level
30.0%
< 10% of QAA* 10 - 20% of QAA
25.0%
20 - 30% of QAA 30 - 40% of QAA
20.0%
40 - 50% of QAA 15.0%
50 - 60% of QAA 60 - 100% of QAA
10.0%
100 - 200% of QAA >200 of QAA
5.0% 0.0% Unimpaired
2003 Demands
2030 Demands
2050 Demands
*QAA (average annual flow) at Node 280 = 227 mgd June-Nov < 10% of QAA* 10 - 20% of QAA 20 - 30% of QAA 30 - 40% of QAA 40 - 50% of QAA 50 - 60% of QAA 60 - 100% of QAA 100 - 200% of QAA >200 of QAA
Unimpaired
2003 Demands
2030 Demands
2050 Demands
7.7% 19.5% 17.6% 11.8% 8.6% 5.8% 13.0%
2.4% 27.1% 23.4% 10.9% 6.5% 5.0% 10.2%
3.3% 30.8% 22.1% 9.8% 6.4% 4.6% 9.4%
3.2% 31.1% 22.6% 9.9% 6.3% 4.6% 9.0%
10.1% 6.0%
8.9% 5.6%
8.3% 5.2%
8.1% 5.0%
Stream Condition Middle Haw River (Node 360) December- February