CD 14025 Type III
Environmental Declaration ISO/CD 14025 Type III
EPD
H04 Credo 4400
Norwegian Environmental Product Declaration
NEPD nr. 35E Approved by the Norwegian Environmental Product Declaration’s verification committee:
Valid until: 31 December 2006
This Declaration has been compiled by: Østfold Research Foundation December 2004
Information about the manufacturer: HÅG ASA, Røros Company contacts: Frank Hugo Storelv Phone:+47 22595900 E-mail: [email protected] Organisation number: NO-928902749 EMAS/ISO-14001 reg.no.: NO-S-0000016
Key environmental indicators (All figures are per seating solution) Global warming potential Total energy consumption Waste Percentage of recycled materials Percentage of recyclable materials Guaranteed lifetime
64.5 1 286.4 15.4 31 92 15
kg CO2-eqv. MJ kg % % years
Information about the product: Scope of assessment: Functional unit: Year of study: Data: Assumed lifetime: Production site: Expected market area:
Module declaration: from extraction of raw materials to complete seating solution, including user phase. Seating solution manufactured and maintained for 15 years. 2003/2004 Production data from 2002 and 2003. Material data from 1994 – 2001. 15 years. HÅG ASA, Røros, Norway. Europe
Table 1: Product specification, including packaging for the final product. kg per seating solution
Pct. %
Steel Aluminium Other metals PUR Plastics
7.136 3.786 0.123 1.472 3.390
37.1 % 19.7 % 0.6 % 7.7 % 17.6 %
Wood
1.060
5.5 %
Textiles
0.301
1.6 %
Corrugated 1.736 9.0 % cardboard Various 0.204 1.1 % Total 19.210 100.0 % * In % of analysed quantity
Data quality
Material production Literature data Literature data Literature data Literature data Literature data Literature data (Norway/Sweden) Literature data (Australasia) Literature data (Sweden/Switzerland) Literature data
Processing
Pct. included in the assessment
Pct. of recycled materials*
Pct. from suppliers with certified environmental management system*
Pct. of components with environmental product declaration*
99.2 %
30.9
53.2 %
0.1 %
Site-specific data Site-specific data Site-specific data Site-specific data Site-specific data Site-specific data Site-specific data Site-specific data Site-specific data
C CO ON NSSU UM MP PT TIIO ON NO OF FR RE ESSO OU UR RC CE ESS Material resources Table 2: Consumption of material resources Material resources Recycled, renewable resources New, renewable resources Recycled, nonrenewable resources
Unit
Recycled paper/cardboard kg/seating solution Recycled textile
kg/seating solution
Water
kg/seating solution
Biomass as a raw material Recycled steel Recycled aluminium Recycled copper
kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution
Recycled plastic
kg/seating solution
Iron ore Iron (in ore) Bauxite Limestone Salt New, nonSand, gravel and rock renewable resources Copper ore Copper (in ore) Coal as a raw material Oil as a raw material Natural gas as a raw material Unspecified
kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution
Total
kg/seating solution
kg/seating solution
Transport of Processing Raw material User components and production and to HÅG assembly at phase processing HÅG
Total
Comments
1.01
0.01
1.02
0.03
0.03
0.06
Including processing and cooling water.
1 909.6 3.15 3.07 1.57
2 003.8 Not including turbine water. 3.15 3.07 1.57
24.8
69.4
0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
0.43 0.05 5.08 7.20 1.00 2.54 1.00
0.01 0.01 2.52
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 2.52
1.61
0.00
0.00
1.61
0.43 0.03 5.08 7.20 0.98 2.52 0.99
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
kg/seating solution %
4.7 0.23 %
All resources except air and turbine
2 039 water
Land use and water consumption Energy resources
1 400
Unspecif ied
1 200 MJ/seating solution
Land use has not been identified. Water consumption is described under material resources.
1 600
Waste incineration and surplus heat
1 000 800
Renew able energy
600
Nuclear pow er
400 200
Fossil energy
0 -200
Fossil energy dominates the consumption of energy through the life cycle of the seating solution.
Raw material Transport of Processing production and components to and assembly processing HÅG at HÅ G
User phase
Total
Figure 1: Energy consumption specified for the different energy carriers and life cycle stages Table 3: Energy consumption specified for the different energy carriers and life cycle stages Energy resources
Fossil energy
Unit Coal Oil Natural gas Peat Sulphur
Nuclear power Renewable energy Various
MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution
Biomass Hydro power Wind power Solar power Waste incineration and surplus heat
MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution
Unspecified
MJ/seating solution
Total
MJ/seating solution
Processing Raw material Transport of and production and components assembly at processing to HÅG HÅG
User phase
Total Comments
274.9
0.0
0.4
0.8
276.1 Including lignite
268.9
6.4
8.4
4.8
288.5
194.6
0.0
0.1
1.0
195.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
234.9
0.0
0.2
0.5
235.7
8.6
0.0
0.2
0.1
8.8
168.2
0.1
97.7
13.5
279.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-4.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
-4.1
5.8
0.0
0.0
0.3
1 151.7
6.5
107.2
20.9
Including any use of energy with 6.1 hydrogen as the energy carrier 1 286.4
E EM MIISSSSIIO ON NSS A AN ND DE EN NV VIIR RO ON NM ME EN NT TA AL L IIM MP PA AC CT TSS Raw material production and processing Transport of components to HÅ G Processing and assembly at HÅ G User phase
Table 4: Emissions calculated in terms of environmental impacts Unit
Total
1
Waste
kg waste/seating solution
2
Eutrophication
kg PO42- eqv./seating solution
3
Photochemical ozone creation potential
kg C2H2 eqv./seating solution
4
Ozone depletion
kg CFC-11 eqv./seating solution
5
Acidification
kg SO2 eqv./seating solution
6
Global warming potential
kg CO2 eqv./seating solution
15.4
1
0.033
2
0.038
3
0.000
4
0.41
5
64.5
6
Raw material production/processing is the dominating life cycle phase for all of the environmental impact categories with the exception of waste. Processing/assembly at HÅG’s production site accounts for approximately 50% of the waste impact.
0%
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
100 %
Figure 2: The contribution to the environmental impacts from the different life cycle stages
Table 5: Waste and emissions, specified for the different life cycle phases Emission
Emission s to air
Emission s to water
Waste
Unit
Raw material Transport of Processing and production and components to assembly at User phase processing HÅG HÅG
Total
Comments
CO2 (fossil) CH4 N2O Nox Sox VOC CO Dioxin
kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution
53.3 0.15 0.00 0.15 0.27 0.06 0.16 16.05
0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.06
0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16
55.0 0.15 0.00 0.16 0.28 0.06 0.17 17.26
COD
kg/seating solution
0.048
0.000
0.000
0.010
0.057
Tot-N
kg/seating solution
0.006
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.006
Tot-P
kg/seating solution
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Phosphate
kg/seating solution
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
Nitrate
kg/seating solution
0.030
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.030
Dioxin
kg/seating solution
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Waste to material recycling
kg/seating solution
1.11
0.00
1.55
0.24
2.91 Including reuse
Waste to energy recovery
kg/seating solution
3.33
0.00
0.49
0.03
3.84
Waste to landfill
kg/seating solution
0.24
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.31
Hazardous waste
kg/seating solution
Other waste
kg/seating solution
Including radioactive waste and slag/ash. Polluted process water from HÅG is delivered as hazardous waste until the construction of a 6.60 new treatment plant has been completed. Including waste to incineration (without 1.70 energy recovery)
1.29
0.00
5.31
0.00
1.68
0.00
0.01
0.00
A AD DD DIIT TIIO ON NA AL L IIN NF FO OR RM MA AT TIIO ON N Environmental product declarations should be based on a PCR (Product Category Requirements) for the industry to which the product belongs. Such rules have not yet been drawn up for seating solutions, although HÅG is participating in a project to develop them. This declaration was therefore compiled using best practice in compliance with ISO 14040-43 and 14025. In the functional unit chosen for the study, a maintenance period of 15 years is included, even though the seating solution has a lifetime in excess of this. Fifteen years was selected because this is a normal period of possession by the first owners. After this the seating solution is often sold or given away to employees or acquaintances for private use. It is therefore difficult to be certain about the technical lifetime of the seating solution. HÅG is committed to environmental protection being an important part of its operations, with focus on the entire value chain of their products. HÅG is ISO 14001 certified and EMAS registered. HÅG has also initiated work on obtaining EU Flower eco-label approval and is in the process of preparing EPDs for all of its products. HÅG wants to use recycled and recyclable materials in all of its products, and makes conscious choices regarding materials and their content. HÅG endeavours not to use PVC or chromium in its products. HÅG takes back old office chairs, regardless of brand, at no cost with the purchase of new seating solutions. The “Take back” system is also meant to ensure that no HÅG chairs end up in a landfill. However, few customers use this programme.
T TR RE EA AT TM ME EN NT TO OF FW WA ASST TE EF FR RO OM MT TH HE EF FIIN NA AL LP PR RO OD DU UC CT T
us
d ar
io Va r
bo rd ca
d
xt i le s Te
oo W
R
ic s at Pl
C
or
ru g
at
ed
O
th
er
m Al u
Material recycling and reuse
PU
s
in
St e
iu m
el
Energy recovery
et al
Other
%
Landfill
Material recycling and reuse Energy recovery Landf ill Hazardous w aste Other
100 % 90 % 80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 % 10 % 0%
m
Hazardous w aste
Figure 3: Probable waste treatment of HÅG H04 Credo 4400
Figure 4: Probable waste treatment of materials in a seating solution
HÅG is focused on designs that make dismantling and recycling easier, by using the least amount of glue and embedding in its products. All plastic parts are marked and can be recycled. It is currently assumed that the plastic materials go to energy recovery and disposal. None of the components can be viewed as hazardous waste.
The seating solution has a technical lifetime that exceeds the maintenance period of the functional unit (15 years). Most of the chairs are therefore reused by new owners. When the seating solution finally ends up in the Norwegian waste system, the construction is dismantled and the various materials are separated. Given the Norwegian waste system, 67% of the materials are recycled and reused, while the share of recyclable materials in the seating solution is 92%.
M ME ET TH HO OD DO OL LO OG GIIC CA AL LD DE EC CIISSIIO ON NSS Raw material production and processing Since most of the materials included in the HÅG seating solution are bought on the stock market, Metal processing and Specific data Aluminium the country of origin and specific production surface treatment data are not available. Other metals In addition, industry organizations for metals and plastics do not provide site-specific data. Plastics Literature data is therefore used for raw material Complete HÅG Wood production. Site specific data was mainly used seating solution Assembly of seating solution for transport and processing of materials at the Use Textiles suppliers. However, data for components that Various are processed at several different suppliers are both from literature and site-specific sources. Transport of components to HÅG Transport of Raw material production Processing and User phase Specific data was used for transport of components to HÅG and processing assembly at HÅG components from suppliers and to HÅG. Processing and assembly at HÅG Production at HÅG consists of processing steel Figure 5: Product system (schematically) and surface treatment of metal components. The assembly department combines the Allocation rules: • Where virgin materials are used, emissions and energy consumption connected components from in-house production and suppliers to make the complete seating with extraction and production are included. solutions. • Where recycled materials are used in the product, emissions and energy Use consumption related to the recycling process are included. Based on experience from offices it is assumed • Emissions from incineration are allocated to the product system that use the that textiles are vacuumed every other year and recovered energy. • Emissions from incineration of waste without energy recovery are allocated to that they are replaced once during the maintenance period. Washing of wood, metal the production system where the waste arises. and plastics with cloth and water is not included. • All emissions and consumption of resources related to the production of energy carriers used are included. Literature data has been used for this. Steel
Transport
Processing and partial assembly
Transport
Transport
Literature data
R RE EF FE ER RE EN NC CE ESS Østfold Research Foundation, Report AR.03.04: “Dokumentasjon av livsløpsanalysar (LCA) og miljødeklarasjonar (EPD) for 10 sitteløysingar frå HÅG” (Documentation of life cycle assessments (LCA) and environmental declarations (EPD) for 10 seating solutions from HÅG), by Ingunn Saur Modahl.
EPD
H04 Credo 4400
Norwegian Environmental Product Declaration
NEPD nr. 35E Approved by the Norwegian Environmental Product Declaration’s verification committee:
Valid until: 31 December 2006
This Declaration has been compiled by: Østfold Research Foundation December 2004
Information about the manufacturer: HÅG ASA, Røros Company contacts: Frank Hugo Storelv Phone:+47 22595900 E-mail: [email protected] Organisation number: NO-928902749 EMAS/ISO-14001 reg.no.: NO-S-0000016
Key environmental indicators (All figures are per seating solution) Global warming potential Total energy consumption Waste Percentage of recycled materials Percentage of recyclable materials Guaranteed lifetime
64.5 1 286.4 15.4 31 92 15
kg CO2-eqv. MJ kg % % years
Information about the product: Scope of assessment: Functional unit: Year of study: Data: Assumed lifetime: Production site: Expected market area:
Module declaration: from extraction of raw materials to complete seating solution, including user phase. Seating solution manufactured and maintained for 15 years. 2003/2004 Production data from 2002 and 2003. Material data from 1994 – 2001. 15 years. HÅG ASA, Røros, Norway. Europe
Table 1: Product specification, including packaging for the final product. kg per seating solution
Pct. %
Steel Aluminium Other metals PUR Plastics
7.136 3.786 0.123 1.472 3.390
37.1 % 19.7 % 0.6 % 7.7 % 17.6 %
Wood
1.060
5.5 %
Textiles
0.301
1.6 %
Corrugated 1.736 9.0 % cardboard Various 0.204 1.1 % Total 19.210 100.0 % * In % of analysed quantity
Data quality
Material production Literature data Literature data Literature data Literature data Literature data Literature data (Norway/Sweden) Literature data (Australasia) Literature data (Sweden/Switzerland) Literature data
Processing
Pct. included in the assessment
Pct. of recycled materials*
Pct. from suppliers with certified environmental management system*
Pct. of components with environmental product declaration*
99.2 %
30.9
53.2 %
0.1 %
Site-specific data Site-specific data Site-specific data Site-specific data Site-specific data Site-specific data Site-specific data Site-specific data Site-specific data
C CO ON NSSU UM MP PT TIIO ON NO OF FR RE ESSO OU UR RC CE ESS Material resources Table 2: Consumption of material resources Material resources Recycled, renewable resources New, renewable resources Recycled, nonrenewable resources
Unit
Recycled paper/cardboard kg/seating solution Recycled textile
kg/seating solution
Water
kg/seating solution
Biomass as a raw material Recycled steel Recycled aluminium Recycled copper
kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution
Recycled plastic
kg/seating solution
Iron ore Iron (in ore) Bauxite Limestone Salt New, nonSand, gravel and rock renewable resources Copper ore Copper (in ore) Coal as a raw material Oil as a raw material Natural gas as a raw material Unspecified
kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution
Total
kg/seating solution
kg/seating solution
Transport of Processing Raw material User components and production and to HÅG assembly at phase processing HÅG
Total
Comments
1.01
0.01
1.02
0.03
0.03
0.06
Including processing and cooling water.
1 909.6 3.15 3.07 1.57
2 003.8 Not including turbine water. 3.15 3.07 1.57
24.8
69.4
0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
0.43 0.05 5.08 7.20 1.00 2.54 1.00
0.01 0.01 2.52
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 2.52
1.61
0.00
0.00
1.61
0.43 0.03 5.08 7.20 0.98 2.52 0.99
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
kg/seating solution %
4.7 0.23 %
All resources except air and turbine
2 039 water
Land use and water consumption Energy resources
1 400
Unspecif ied
1 200 MJ/seating solution
Land use has not been identified. Water consumption is described under material resources.
1 600
Waste incineration and surplus heat
1 000 800
Renew able energy
600
Nuclear pow er
400 200
Fossil energy
0 -200
Fossil energy dominates the consumption of energy through the life cycle of the seating solution.
Raw material Transport of Processing production and components to and assembly processing HÅG at HÅ G
User phase
Total
Figure 1: Energy consumption specified for the different energy carriers and life cycle stages Table 3: Energy consumption specified for the different energy carriers and life cycle stages Energy resources
Fossil energy
Unit Coal Oil Natural gas Peat Sulphur
Nuclear power Renewable energy Various
MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution
Biomass Hydro power Wind power Solar power Waste incineration and surplus heat
MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution MJ/seating solution
Unspecified
MJ/seating solution
Total
MJ/seating solution
Processing Raw material Transport of and production and components assembly at processing to HÅG HÅG
User phase
Total Comments
274.9
0.0
0.4
0.8
276.1 Including lignite
268.9
6.4
8.4
4.8
288.5
194.6
0.0
0.1
1.0
195.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
234.9
0.0
0.2
0.5
235.7
8.6
0.0
0.2
0.1
8.8
168.2
0.1
97.7
13.5
279.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-4.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
-4.1
5.8
0.0
0.0
0.3
1 151.7
6.5
107.2
20.9
Including any use of energy with 6.1 hydrogen as the energy carrier 1 286.4
E EM MIISSSSIIO ON NSS A AN ND DE EN NV VIIR RO ON NM ME EN NT TA AL L IIM MP PA AC CT TSS Raw material production and processing Transport of components to HÅ G Processing and assembly at HÅ G User phase
Table 4: Emissions calculated in terms of environmental impacts Unit
Total
1
Waste
kg waste/seating solution
2
Eutrophication
kg PO42- eqv./seating solution
3
Photochemical ozone creation potential
kg C2H2 eqv./seating solution
4
Ozone depletion
kg CFC-11 eqv./seating solution
5
Acidification
kg SO2 eqv./seating solution
6
Global warming potential
kg CO2 eqv./seating solution
15.4
1
0.033
2
0.038
3
0.000
4
0.41
5
64.5
6
Raw material production/processing is the dominating life cycle phase for all of the environmental impact categories with the exception of waste. Processing/assembly at HÅG’s production site accounts for approximately 50% of the waste impact.
0%
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
100 %
Figure 2: The contribution to the environmental impacts from the different life cycle stages
Table 5: Waste and emissions, specified for the different life cycle phases Emission
Emission s to air
Emission s to water
Waste
Unit
Raw material Transport of Processing and production and components to assembly at User phase processing HÅG HÅG
Total
Comments
CO2 (fossil) CH4 N2O Nox Sox VOC CO Dioxin
kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution kg/seating solution
53.3 0.15 0.00 0.15 0.27 0.06 0.16 16.05
0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.06
0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16
55.0 0.15 0.00 0.16 0.28 0.06 0.17 17.26
COD
kg/seating solution
0.048
0.000
0.000
0.010
0.057
Tot-N
kg/seating solution
0.006
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.006
Tot-P
kg/seating solution
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Phosphate
kg/seating solution
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
Nitrate
kg/seating solution
0.030
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.030
Dioxin
kg/seating solution
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Waste to material recycling
kg/seating solution
1.11
0.00
1.55
0.24
2.91 Including reuse
Waste to energy recovery
kg/seating solution
3.33
0.00
0.49
0.03
3.84
Waste to landfill
kg/seating solution
0.24
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.31
Hazardous waste
kg/seating solution
Other waste
kg/seating solution
Including radioactive waste and slag/ash. Polluted process water from HÅG is delivered as hazardous waste until the construction of a 6.60 new treatment plant has been completed. Including waste to incineration (without 1.70 energy recovery)
1.29
0.00
5.31
0.00
1.68
0.00
0.01
0.00
A AD DD DIIT TIIO ON NA AL L IIN NF FO OR RM MA AT TIIO ON N Environmental product declarations should be based on a PCR (Product Category Requirements) for the industry to which the product belongs. Such rules have not yet been drawn up for seating solutions, although HÅG is participating in a project to develop them. This declaration was therefore compiled using best practice in compliance with ISO 14040-43 and 14025. In the functional unit chosen for the study, a maintenance period of 15 years is included, even though the seating solution has a lifetime in excess of this. Fifteen years was selected because this is a normal period of possession by the first owners. After this the seating solution is often sold or given away to employees or acquaintances for private use. It is therefore difficult to be certain about the technical lifetime of the seating solution. HÅG is committed to environmental protection being an important part of its operations, with focus on the entire value chain of their products. HÅG is ISO 14001 certified and EMAS registered. HÅG has also initiated work on obtaining EU Flower eco-label approval and is in the process of preparing EPDs for all of its products. HÅG wants to use recycled and recyclable materials in all of its products, and makes conscious choices regarding materials and their content. HÅG endeavours not to use PVC or chromium in its products. HÅG takes back old office chairs, regardless of brand, at no cost with the purchase of new seating solutions. The “Take back” system is also meant to ensure that no HÅG chairs end up in a landfill. However, few customers use this programme.
T TR RE EA AT TM ME EN NT TO OF FW WA ASST TE EF FR RO OM MT TH HE EF FIIN NA AL LP PR RO OD DU UC CT T
us
d ar
io Va r
bo rd ca
d
xt i le s Te
oo W
R
ic s at Pl
C
or
ru g
at
ed
O
th
er
m Al u
Material recycling and reuse
PU
s
in
St e
iu m
el
Energy recovery
et al
Other
%
Landfill
Material recycling and reuse Energy recovery Landf ill Hazardous w aste Other
100 % 90 % 80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 % 10 % 0%
m
Hazardous w aste
Figure 3: Probable waste treatment of HÅG H04 Credo 4400
Figure 4: Probable waste treatment of materials in a seating solution
HÅG is focused on designs that make dismantling and recycling easier, by using the least amount of glue and embedding in its products. All plastic parts are marked and can be recycled. It is currently assumed that the plastic materials go to energy recovery and disposal. None of the components can be viewed as hazardous waste.
The seating solution has a technical lifetime that exceeds the maintenance period of the functional unit (15 years). Most of the chairs are therefore reused by new owners. When the seating solution finally ends up in the Norwegian waste system, the construction is dismantled and the various materials are separated. Given the Norwegian waste system, 67% of the materials are recycled and reused, while the share of recyclable materials in the seating solution is 92%.
M ME ET TH HO OD DO OL LO OG GIIC CA AL LD DE EC CIISSIIO ON NSS Raw material production and processing Since most of the materials included in the HÅG seating solution are bought on the stock market, Metal processing and Specific data Aluminium the country of origin and specific production surface treatment data are not available. Other metals In addition, industry organizations for metals and plastics do not provide site-specific data. Plastics Literature data is therefore used for raw material Complete HÅG Wood production. Site specific data was mainly used seating solution Assembly of seating solution for transport and processing of materials at the Use Textiles suppliers. However, data for components that Various are processed at several different suppliers are both from literature and site-specific sources. Transport of components to HÅG Transport of Raw material production Processing and User phase Specific data was used for transport of components to HÅG and processing assembly at HÅG components from suppliers and to HÅG. Processing and assembly at HÅG Production at HÅG consists of processing steel Figure 5: Product system (schematically) and surface treatment of metal components. The assembly department combines the Allocation rules: • Where virgin materials are used, emissions and energy consumption connected components from in-house production and suppliers to make the complete seating with extraction and production are included. solutions. • Where recycled materials are used in the product, emissions and energy Use consumption related to the recycling process are included. Based on experience from offices it is assumed • Emissions from incineration are allocated to the product system that use the that textiles are vacuumed every other year and recovered energy. • Emissions from incineration of waste without energy recovery are allocated to that they are replaced once during the maintenance period. Washing of wood, metal the production system where the waste arises. and plastics with cloth and water is not included. • All emissions and consumption of resources related to the production of energy carriers used are included. Literature data has been used for this. Steel
Transport
Processing and partial assembly
Transport
Transport
Literature data
R RE EF FE ER RE EN NC CE ESS Østfold Research Foundation, Report AR.03.04: “Dokumentasjon av livsløpsanalysar (LCA) og miljødeklarasjonar (EPD) for 10 sitteløysingar frå HÅG” (Documentation of life cycle assessments (LCA) and environmental declarations (EPD) for 10 seating solutions from HÅG), by Ingunn Saur Modahl.
