Children and Young People State of Sandwell Debate 2006
Contents Contents
1
Executive Summary
2
Key Stage One
3
Key Stage Two
7
Key Stage Three
12
GCSE Results (Five or more passes at grade A*-C)
17
Free school meals
21
Infant Mortality
22
Teenage Conceptions
24
16-18 Year Olds Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET)
27
More Information
28
State of Sandwell Debate 2006 Children and Young People
1
Executive Summary •
The 2006 interim education results released by Department for Education and Skills (DfES) indicate that the performance of Sandwell Children at all key stages remains below that achieved by children nationally. At Key Stage One, 60% of Sandwell pupils achieved Level 2B+ in reading, 47% achieved Level 2B+ in writing and 63% achieved level 2B+ in maths
•
There is evidence that Sandwell is closing the gap in Key Stage Two subjects. In 2006, 73% in Sandwell achieved Level 4+ in English, 69% achieved Level 4+ in maths and 81% achieved level 4+ in science
•
At Key Stage Three, there has been a gradual rise in improvement but not significant enough to close the gap between Sandwell’s performance and the national average.
•
47% of pupils in Sandwell have achieved five or more passes at grade A*-C, but no comparator for England is yet available. The performance of Sandwell pupils remains below that achieved by children nationally. In 2006, 59% of Sandwell pupils achieved Level 5+ in English, 63% achieved Level 5+ in Maths, 56% achieved level 5+ in Science and 64% in ICT
•
The average performance of looked after children (children in care for more than 12 months) in Sandwell is higher than national average for Key Stage Two Science and GCSE results (five or more passes at grade A*-C).
•
On average, pupils of an Indian heritage outperform pupils of other ethnic groups at Key Stages Three and Four
•
Soho and Victoria ward has the highest concentration of pupils taking up free school meals in Sandwell
•
Average infant mortality in England & Wales has shown a gradual fall, while the rate in Sandwell has shown signs of worsening (7.0 deaths per 1,000 births in 2004)
•
The teenage conception rate has fallen to 56.6 conceptions per 1,000 population aged under 18
•
754 Sandwell residents aged 16-18 were not in employment, education or training in April 2006, a slight increase from 2005
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Key Stage One The 2006 interim education results released by Department for Education and Skills (DfES) indicate that the performance of Sandwell Children at Key Stage One (KS1) remains below that achieved by children nationally. On average, pupils perform better in maths than reading and writing at this stage. Figure 1 (below) compares the performance of Sandwell’s pupils with national average.
Key Stage 1 Results 2006
Percentage (%)
(% of pupils achieving level 2B+) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Sandwell LA Results National Results
Writing
Reading
Maths
Figure 1: Key Stage One Results (Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Data Intelligence Service)
Data between 1997 and 2006 show that the gap between Sandwell’s performance and the national figures is getting wider for reading and writing at KS1. In 2006, •
47% of Sandwell pupils achieved Level 2B+ in writing (compared with 60% for England)
•
60% achieved Level 2B+ in reading (71% for England)
•
63% achieved level 2B+ in maths (73% for England)
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KS1 Writing (% of pupils achieving level 2b+) Pupils Achieving Level 2b (%)
70 60 50 40 30
Sandw ell Writing
20
England Writing
10 0 1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source: DfES; SM BC Education Data Intelligence Service
Figure 2: Key Stage One Writing Trends
Pupils Achieving Level 2b (%)
KS1 Reading (% of pupils achieving level 2b+) 80 70 60 50 40 Sandw ell Reading England Reading
30 20 10 0 1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source: DfES; SM BC Education Data Intelligence Service
Figure 3: Key Stage One Reading Trends
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Pupils Achieving Level 2b (%)
KS1 Mathematics (% of pupils achieving level 2b+) 80 70 60 50 40 30
Sandw ell Maths
20
England Maths
10 0 1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source: DfES; SM BC Education Data Intelligence Service
Figure 4: Key Stage One Mathematics Trends
At Key Stage One, the performance of looked after children (LAC) in Sandwell is slightly lower the national average for LAC. The definition of looked after children is ‘pupils in care for at least 12 months, leading up to the 30th September in a given year (Sandwell LEA). Data for 2001 to 2005 highlights there is a considerable difference between the average achievement of looked after children compared with the average of all pupils. On average, LAC do not perform as well as all other pupils in KS1 subjects. Educational attainment data of LAC is not currently available for 2006, but 2005 results were as follows: •
48% had achieved level 2+ in KS1 reading (compared with 57% nationally)
•
48% had achieved level 2+ in writing (52% was the national average)
•
62% had achieved level 2+ in maths (64% was the national average)
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KS1 Reading % Level 2+
100 90 80 70 60
Sandw ell LAC National LAC
50 40
Sandw ell All pupils
30 20 10 0 2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
Figure 5: Looked After Children Results - Key Stage One Reading (Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Data Intelligence Service)
KS1 Writing % Level 2+
100 90 80 70
Sandw ell LAC National LAC
60 50 40
Sandw ell All pupils
30 20 10 0 2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
Figure 6: Looked After Children Results - Key Stage One Writing (Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Data Intelligence Service)
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KS1 Maths % Level 2+
100 90 80 70 60
Sandw ell LAC National LAC
50 40
Sandw ell All pupils
30 20 10 0 2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
Figure 7: Looked After Children Results - Key Stage One Maths (Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Data Intelligence Service)
Key Stage Two The performance of Sandwell children at KS2 remains below that achieved by children nationally, but there is evidence that Sandwell is closing the gap in all KS2 subjects. In 2006, 73% in Sandwell achieved Level 4+ in English (compared with 79% for England), 69% achieved Level 4+ in maths (76% for England), and 81% achieved level 4+ in science (87% for England).
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Key Stage 2 Results 2006 (% of pupils achieving level 4+) 100
Percentage (%)
80 60
Sandwell LA Results
40
National Results
20 0 Maths
English
Science
Figure 8: Key Stage Two Results (Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Data Intelligence Service)
KS2 trends for 1996 to 2006 are illustrated in figures 9, 10 and 11 (below).
KS2 English (% of pupils achieving level 4+) Pupils Achieving Level 4+ (%)
90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0
Sandw ell English England English
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source: DfES; SM BC Education Data Intelligence Service
Figure 9: Key Stage Two English Trends
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KS2 Maths (% of pupils achieving level 4+) Pupils Achieving Level 4+ (%)
80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0
Sandw ell Maths England Maths
20.0 10.0 0.0 1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source: DfES; SM BC Education Data Intelligence Service
Figure 10: Key Stage Two Maths Trends
KS2 Science (% of pupils achieving level 4+) Pupils Achieving Level 4+ (%)
100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0
Sandw ell Science England Science
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source: DfES; SM BC Education Data Intelligence Service
Figure 11: Key Stage Two Science Trends
There is evidence that Sandwell has made progress in closing the gap: •
The difference between Sandwell and the national average in 1996 for KS2 English was 12 percentage points. The provisional 2006 results indicate that the gap is now six percentage points.
•
For KS2 maths, the gap in 1996 was 15 percentage points. Sandwell is now seven percentage points below average (2006 provisional data).
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•
For KS2 science, Sandwell is now six percentage points behind national average (2006 provisional data). Sandwell is in a much better position than it was in 1996, when it was 17 percentage points below the national average.
In 2005, the performance of Sandwell’s LAC in Key Stage 2 English had fallen slightly short of the national average for LAC by one percentage point. 41% of Sandwell’s LAC had achieved level 4+ in English (compared with 42% for England).
KS2 English % Level 4+
100 90 80 70 60
Sandw ell LAC National LAC
50 40
Sandw ell All pupils
30 20 10 0 2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
Figure 12: Looked After Children Results - Key Stage Two English (Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Data Intelligence Service)
In KS2 Maths, the achievement of Sandwell’s LAC fell short of the national average in 2005 by 15 percentage points. 23% of Sandwell’s LAC had achieved level 4+ in maths (compared with 38% for England). Sandwell’s LAC had performed better on average in KS2 Science (59%) than their national counterpart (53%)
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KS2 Maths % Level 4+
100 90 80 70 60
Sandw ell LAC National LAC
50 40
Sandw ell All pupils
30 20 10 0 2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
Figure 13: Looked After Children Results - Key Stage Two Maths (Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Data Intelligence Service)
KS2 Science % Level 4+
100 90 80 70 60
Sandw ell LAC National LAC
50 40
Sandw ell All pupils
30 20 10 0 2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
Figure 14: Looked After Children Results - Key Stage Two Science (Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Data Intelligence Service)
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Key Stage Three The performance of Sandwell children at KS3 still remains below that achieved by children nationally. Figure 15 (below) illustrates the difference between Sandwell’s performance and the average for England.
Key Stage 3 Results 2006 (% of pupils achieving level 5+)
Percentage (%)
90 80 70 60 50
Sandwell LA Results
40 30 20
National Results
10 0 Maths
English
Science
Figure 15: Key Stage Three Results (Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Data Intelligence Service)
In 2006, 59% of Sandwell pupils achieved Level 5+ in English (compared with 72% for England), 63% achieved Level 5+ in Maths (77% for England), 56% achieved level 5+ in Science (72% for England), and 64% achieved level 5+ in ICT. Figures 16-19 demonstrate that there has been a gradual rise in improvement but it has not significant enough to close the gap between Sandwell’s performance and the national average. Provisional 2006 figures indicate: •
a slight improvement in maths from 2005 but the national average has increased by three percentage points. The gap has widened and Sandwell is now 14 percentage points below national average.
•
a decline in the proportion of students achieving level 5+ in English between 2005 and 2006. The gap between Sandwell and England is now 13 percentage points (2006 provisional data).
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•
for science, there was no change in performance between 2005 and 2006, but the gap to the national comparator has actually widened to 16 percentage points.
KS3 English (% of pupils achieving level 5+) Pupils Achieving Level 5+ (%)
80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0
Sandw ell English England English
10.0 0.0 2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source: DfES; SM BC Education Data Intelligence Service
Figure 16: Key Stage Three English Trends
KS3 Maths (% of pupils achieving level 5+) Pupils Achieving Level 5+ (%)
90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0
Sandw ell Maths England Maths
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source: DfES; SM BC Education Data Intelligence Service
Figure 17: Key Stage Three Maths Trends
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KS3 Science Pupils Achieving Level 5+ (%)
(% of pupils achieving level 5+) 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0
Sandw ell Science England Science
20.0 10.0 0.0 2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source: DfES; SM BC Education Data Intelligence Service
Figure 18: Key Stage Three Science Trends
KS3 ICT data for 2006 has not yet been released for England to compare with Sandwell. Yet available data (see Figure 19) shows that Sandwell has made progress in closing the gap between 2002 and 2005. In 2002, Sandwell was 20 percentage points below national average but had improved its position to 10 percentage points below the England figure in 2005.
KS3 ICT (% of pupils achieving level 5+) Pupils Achieving Level 5+ (%)
80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0
Sandw ell ICT England ICT
20.0 10.0 0.0 2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source: DfES; SM BC Education Data Intelligence Service
Figure 19: Key Stage Three ICT Trends
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Indian pupils produced the highest attainment at KS3 subjects than any other ethnic group in 2005. This group has continued to improve since 2003 and by 2005, 75% of Indian pupils achieved level 5 or above in KS3 subjects. The lowest performing group was Pakistani pupils, as only 40% achieved level 5 or above in 2005 (see Figure 20). Nevertheless, the average performance of all ethnic groups has improved since 2003.
Key Stage 3 Ethnicity Trends for Sandwell Asian or Asian British Indian Mixed White and Black Caribbean White British 2003
All Other Ethnic Groups
2004 2005
Black or Black British Caribbean Asian or Asian British Bangladeshi Asian or Asian British Pakistani 0
20
40
60
80
Percentage achieving level 5+
Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Figure 20: Key Stage Three Ethnicity Trends
Sandwell has experienced a declining trend in the percentage of LAC performing well in KS3 English. In 2005, only 9% of LAC in Sandwell achieved level 5 or above (compared with 27% of LAC in England). In KS3 maths, 22% of LAC achieved level 5+ in Sandwell (compared with 28% of LAC in England). In KS3 science, 19% of LAC achieved level 5+ in Sandwell (compared with 26% of LAC in England). Figures 21-23 illustrate LAC KS3 attainment trends between 2002 and 2005.
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KS3 Maths % Level 5+
100 90 80 70 60
Sandw ell LAC National LAC
50 40 30
Sandw ell All pupils
20 10 0 2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
Figure 21: Looked After Children Results - Key Stage Three Maths (Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Data Intelligence Service)
KS3 English % Level 5+
100 90 80 70 60
Sandw ell LAC National LAC
50 40 30
Sandw ell All pupils
20 10 0 2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
Figure 22: Looked After Children Results - Key Stage Three English (Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Data Intelligence Service)
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KS3 Science % Level 5+
100 90 80 70 60
Sandw ell LAC National LAC
50 40 30
Sandw ell All pupils
20 10 0 2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
Figure 23: Looked After Children Results - Key Stage Three Science (Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Data Intelligence Service)
GCSE Results (Five or more passes at grade A*-C) The provisional figures for 2006 indicate that 47% of pupils in Sandwell schools have achieved five or more passes at grade A*-C, but no comparator for England is yet available. This is an improvement of four percentage points from 2005. The 2005 results show that the performance of Sandwell pupils remains below that achieved by children nationally. 43% of pupils achieved 5+ A*-C grade GCSEs compared with 56% for England in 2005, representing a gap of 13 percentage points (see Figures 24 and 25). To view the interactive map for GCSE performance, click here
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Pupils achieving 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalent) in 2005 100% 85%
90%
Percentage
80% 56%
60% 43%
Sandwell average
40%
England average
20% 0% (5 or more grades A*-C) (5 or more grades A*-G)
Figure 24: Key Stage Four Results (Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Data Intelligence Service)
%
Pupils Achieving 5+ GCSE Grades A*-C
60 50 40 30 20
Sandw ell England
10 0 1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source:DfES(2005) & Sandwell LEA (2006)
Figure 25: Key Stage Four Trends
On average, Indian pupils of Sandwell have performed better than pupils of other ethnic backgrounds in GCSE exams. In 2005, 62% Indian pupils achieved five or more GCSE passes grade A*-C. The lowest performing
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ethnic group in Sandwell was Mixed White and Black Caribbean (32% achievement). Figure 26 (below) reveals that the second highest performing group nationally were White British pupils, in 2005. Yet, the difference in the performance of Sandwell’s White British pupils compared to the national average was greater than the difference in the comparative performance of all other ethnic groups (see Figure 26). 59% of Bangladeshi pupils achieved five or more GCSE passes grade A*-C, which is higher than national average for Bangladeshi pupils by six percentage points.
GCSE 5 or more passes A*-C by ethnic group in 2005 Asian or Asian British Indian Asian or Asian British Bangladeshi All Other Ethnic Groups Black or Black British Caribbean White British
National Sandwell
Asian or Asian British Pakistani Mixed White and Black Caribbean 0 Source: Sandwell LEA
20
40
60
80
Percentage
Figure 26: Key Stage Four Results by Ethnicity
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GCSE 5+ passes A*-C: % improvement between 20032005 by ethnic group in Sandwell Black or Black British Caribbean All Other Ethnic Groups Asian or Asian British Indian Mixed White and Black Caribbean Asian or Asian British Bangladeshi White British Asian or Asian British Pakistani 0
Source: Sandwell LEA
5
10
15
20
25
Percentage improvement (+%)
Figure 27: Key Stage Four Ethnicity Trends
In 2005, looked after children in Sandwell performed better on average than their national counterpart in GCSE exams. 13% achieved five or more passes grade A*-C; two percentage points higher than national average for LAC.
GCSE % 5+ A*-C
100 90 80 70 60
Sandw ell LAC National LAC
50 40 30
Sandw ell All pupils
20 10 0 2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
Figure 28: Looked After Children Results - Key Stage Four (Source: DfES/Sandwell LEA Data Intelligence Service)
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Free school meals 23.6% of all Sandwell pupils of compulsory school age (aged 5 to 16) in the academic year 2004/05 are eligible for free school meals. Oldbury & Smethwick PCT had the highest concentration of pupils taking up this benefit with 3 of its wards in the most deprived quartile (shaded dark blue in Map 1). This figure has fallen from 2003/04 where the take-up on this benefit was 25.1% of pupils having Free School Meals. Soho & Victoria ward has the highest eligibility with 48.9% (04/05 and also had the highest take-up in 2003/04 of 48%) and Charlemont with Grove Vale ward having the lowest eligibility of 10.3% (10% in 2003/04).
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Sandwell Resident Pupils of School Age Eligible for Free School Meals
Wednesbury Wednesbury North North Friar Park Park Friar
Princes End End Princes
Great Barr Barr with with Yew Yew tree tree Great
Charlemont Charlemont Wednesbury Wednesbury with Grove Grove Vale Vale with South South Newton Newton Hateley Heath Heath Hateley
Great Bridge Bridge Great Tipton Green Green Tipton
West Bromwich Bromwich West Central Greets Green Green Central Greets and Lyng Lyng and
Oldbury Oldbury Tividale Tividale
Rowley Rowley
Langley Langley
Blackheath Blackheath CradleyHeath Heath Cradley and Old Old Hill Hill and
St. Pauls Pauls St. Soho and and Soho Victoria Victoria Smethwick Smethwick Bristnall Bristnall
Abbey Abbey Old Warley Warley Old
© Crown Copyright All Rights Reserved Rowley Regis & Tipton PCT Licence No. 100044535
Map 1: Sandwell Resident Pupils of Compulsory School Age (Between 5 to 16 years of age) Eligible for Free School Meals (Source: Sandwell LEA Sept 04 to July 05)
Infant Mortality The rate of death within the first year of life is high in Sandwell compared to England & Wales. Average mortality in England & Wales has shown a gradual fall, while the rate in Sandwell has shown signs of worsening. In Sandwell, there were 7.3 deaths in the first year of life per 1,000 births in 2004, compared with 5.0 infant deaths per 1,000 births in England and Wales (see Figure 29).
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Infant M ortality
Deaths per 1,000 Births
(ie. deaths in the first year of life) (Presented here as a three-year rolling average)
22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Sandw ell England & Wales
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
Source: Office for National Statistics
Figure 29: Infant Mortality Trends
The 16th Annual Report of Public Health reported that the wards with the highest infant mortality rate between 1999 and 2003 were: •
Soho & Victoria (an average rate of 14.7 deaths per 1,000 births)
•
Langley (12.3 per 1,000)
•
Newton (11.6 per 1,000)
•
Bristnall (10.4 per 1,000)
•
Cradley Heath & Old Hill (10.1 per 1,000)
Research carried out by West Midlands Perinatal Institute found that multiple deprivations play an important role in influencing the levels of infant and perinatal mortality.
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Teenage Conceptions Provisional data from the Teenage Pregnancy Unit for 2004 indicates that Sandwell’s teenage conception rate from dropped to 56.6 conceptions per 1,000 population aged 15-17. There is still some progress to made for Sandwell to close the gap with England average, but Figure 30 (below) highlights a declining trend for teenage conceptions.
Teenage conceptions
Rate per 1,000 population aged 15-17
70 60 50 40
Sandwell
30
England
20 10 0 1998
1999 2000
2001
2002 2003
2004
Year Figure 30: Teenage Conception Trends (Source: Teenage Pregnancy Unit)
A 95% confidence interval has been applied to the 2004 data in Figure 31, revealing that based on the information we already know, the real rate is somewhere between 50.9 and 62.9 conceptions per 1,000 population aged 15-17 in Sandwell. This suggests that Sandwell’s score is significantly above the England average of somewhere between 41.1 to 41.9 conceptions per 1,000 population aged 15-17.
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2004 conception rate with 95% confidence intervals
Under 18 conceptions per 1000
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Sandwell MCD
West Midlands
England
Figure 31: Teenage Conception Rates 2004 (Source: Teenage Pregnancy Unit)
Sandwell has a higher rate of pregnancies for under 16s than West Midlands and England. Data shown in Figure 32 is an average of 20022004 data, revealing that there were 13.4 conceptions per 1,000 population aged 16 in Sandwell compared with 8.7 for West Midlands and 7.9 for England.
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Under 18 conception rate split by age group, 2002-04
Rate per 1000 girls aged 15-17
70 60 50 40
16-17