CMN 3133: Reading #3 Sept 19 2013
CMN 3133: Reading #3
Sept 19 2013
Social Influence by Manipulation: A definition and Case of Propaganda Harvard Koppang A broad theory of propaganda, on die other hand, implies that all persuasion can be seen as propaganda, which may result in scholars ignoring propaganda as an issue altogether. All communication with a motive becomes propaganda Latin verb propagare means to ‘ spread or extend in space or to extend in time. The English derivative ‘propagation’ originally meant simply an extension in time and space. Propaganda thus has a wide application in its original sense. Usage now is restricted to a negative connotation. Propaganda becomes vicious and reprehensible only when its authors deliberately disseminate lies, or when they aim to damage the common good. The Institute for Propaganda Analysis Toe beginning of World War II, through the Institute for propaganda Analysis (IPA), propaganda analysis flourished However, around the time of World War II, propaganda analysis gradually was replaced by the new field of ‘communication research. Trends were working against a critical social analysis, and perceived external threats to US security legitimized the manipulation of modern mass communication.
Yet we cc can become coconspirators in our own self deceit. N. J. O’Shaughnessy claims that self deception is not necessarily always motivated by an aversion to some truth, but simply motivated by an aversion to some truth, but at simply motivated by affection for some particular falsehood.
New Definition Between Narrow and Broad Propaganda Theories: ‘moral disengagement.’
Propaganda is organized mass communication, derived from a hidden agenda on a mission to conform belief and action by manipulating mechanisms—drawn from a hidden agenda on instrumentality—to circumvent individual reasoning and rational choices. The Vietnam War was called the first television war. World War II was basically a radio war. World War I was termed the first propaganda war. The 2003 Iraq War perhaps was the firstever Internet war [sic] With more than half a billion people worldwide connected to the Internet. Propaganda conceals its agenda, which sets propaganda apart from advertising. Advertising, regardless of hidden agendas, is clear in its intention and normally does not mislead consumers with its motive, whether in newspaper, radio or television advertising. As another part of a hidden agenda, propaganda conceals its devices which must be revealed counteract propaganda effectiveness. Third, propaganda conforms belief and action There are several mechanisms that can be employed effectively to suppress rational reasoning, thereby deactivating awareness of possible biases in reasoning and information. In propaganda there is a balance between reasoning (existing beliefs) and approval (belief formation). Propagandee patriotism (emotions, beliefs, and prejudices) is exploited so as to resonate with the new beliefs, e.g., that Iraq has built weapons of mass destruction (Propaganda as pretense can adapt its message to simplistic propagandee expectations.
Fourth, propaganda is heavily based on another mechanism, namely the combination of argumentation and emotional arousal.41 Emotive language frequently is used to manipulate propagandee response; e.g., to prevent reflection about premises an evidence.42 Walton’s emotional fallacy theory includes tactics for blocking legitimate dialogue goals. A common feature of Walton’s fallacious ‘arguments’ is the emotional appeal or the speaker’s ability to arouse and exploit the sentiments and prejudices of a target audience. Every speech must employ a mixture of truth and falsehood and to gain approval. Argumentum ad ignorantiam. A proponent can argue that a proposition because it is not proven to be true. Seems to be a type of anything ?oes and doenu . In addition, support ads increase positive emotions while attack ads decrease pleasure. TV news enhanced patriotic feelings and intensified affective responses to the Persian Gulf War. A closer look at previous research substantiates the notion that political media content is more likely to induce negative affective responses than positive affect.
CMN 3133: Reading #3
Sept 19 2013
Ethnic Minorities in Political Campaigns: Depict ethnic minorities to influence the public.
Even if they are subtly embedded in campaign content, racial cues are likely to elicit strong negative affective reactions in recipients. In addition, anxiety toward ethnic minorities results “when negative consequences of immigration are paired with a stigmatized outgroup’ Intergroup emotion theory offers an explanation for why people experience negative emotions toward the negative portrayals of ethnic minorities. . Accordingly, ethnic minorities can be considered as an outgroup that threatens the ingroup. Taken together, political actors often play the race card in campaigns to elicit voters’ negative emotions. AffectInduced Selective Exposure and Attention to Political Communication: In media consumption settings, this means that the arousal of negative emotions is associated with increased attention to mediated stimuli related to that emotion. Reciprocity of Affective Campaign Effects and Selectivity in Attention: “that the relationship between television news use and respondents’ negative emotions is reciprocal” However, it is almost questionable whether this effect can be extrapolated to political campaign contexts. These reciprocal influences between attention to information and the audience characteristic evolve over time. As a consequence of this reciprocity, media effects and selectivity can produce cumulative effects over time.
CMN 3133: Reading #3
Sept 19 2013
Hypotheses
The study aims at testing the reciprocal influences between the effects of political ads on affective reactions toward minorities and the impact of negative affectivity toward that group on the attention to political ads.
Hypothesis 1 (HI): Political ads increase negative affective reactions toward ethnic Minorities Hypothesis 2 (H2): Negative affective reactions toward ethnic minorities enhance the attention to campaign information. A reinforcing spirals process depends on the fact that the influences assumed before can to observed more than once in the course of a campaign. According to this reasoning, the effects hypothesized m H1 and H2 should increase as the campaign progresses.
Sept 19 2013
Social Influence by Manipulation: A definition and Case of Propaganda Harvard Koppang A broad theory of propaganda, on die other hand, implies that all persuasion can be seen as propaganda, which may result in scholars ignoring propaganda as an issue altogether. All communication with a motive becomes propaganda Latin verb propagare means to ‘ spread or extend in space or to extend in time. The English derivative ‘propagation’ originally meant simply an extension in time and space. Propaganda thus has a wide application in its original sense. Usage now is restricted to a negative connotation. Propaganda becomes vicious and reprehensible only when its authors deliberately disseminate lies, or when they aim to damage the common good. The Institute for Propaganda Analysis Toe beginning of World War II, through the Institute for propaganda Analysis (IPA), propaganda analysis flourished However, around the time of World War II, propaganda analysis gradually was replaced by the new field of ‘communication research. Trends were working against a critical social analysis, and perceived external threats to US security legitimized the manipulation of modern mass communication.
Yet we cc can become coconspirators in our own self deceit. N. J. O’Shaughnessy claims that self deception is not necessarily always motivated by an aversion to some truth, but simply motivated by an aversion to some truth, but at simply motivated by affection for some particular falsehood.
New Definition Between Narrow and Broad Propaganda Theories: ‘moral disengagement.’
Propaganda is organized mass communication, derived from a hidden agenda on a mission to conform belief and action by manipulating mechanisms—drawn from a hidden agenda on instrumentality—to circumvent individual reasoning and rational choices. The Vietnam War was called the first television war. World War II was basically a radio war. World War I was termed the first propaganda war. The 2003 Iraq War perhaps was the firstever Internet war [sic] With more than half a billion people worldwide connected to the Internet. Propaganda conceals its agenda, which sets propaganda apart from advertising. Advertising, regardless of hidden agendas, is clear in its intention and normally does not mislead consumers with its motive, whether in newspaper, radio or television advertising. As another part of a hidden agenda, propaganda conceals its devices which must be revealed counteract propaganda effectiveness. Third, propaganda conforms belief and action There are several mechanisms that can be employed effectively to suppress rational reasoning, thereby deactivating awareness of possible biases in reasoning and information. In propaganda there is a balance between reasoning (existing beliefs) and approval (belief formation). Propagandee patriotism (emotions, beliefs, and prejudices) is exploited so as to resonate with the new beliefs, e.g., that Iraq has built weapons of mass destruction (Propaganda as pretense can adapt its message to simplistic propagandee expectations.
Fourth, propaganda is heavily based on another mechanism, namely the combination of argumentation and emotional arousal.41 Emotive language frequently is used to manipulate propagandee response; e.g., to prevent reflection about premises an evidence.42 Walton’s emotional fallacy theory includes tactics for blocking legitimate dialogue goals. A common feature of Walton’s fallacious ‘arguments’ is the emotional appeal or the speaker’s ability to arouse and exploit the sentiments and prejudices of a target audience. Every speech must employ a mixture of truth and falsehood and to gain approval. Argumentum ad ignorantiam. A proponent can argue that a proposition because it is not proven to be true. Seems to be a type of anything ?oes and doenu . In addition, support ads increase positive emotions while attack ads decrease pleasure. TV news enhanced patriotic feelings and intensified affective responses to the Persian Gulf War. A closer look at previous research substantiates the notion that political media content is more likely to induce negative affective responses than positive affect.
CMN 3133: Reading #3
Sept 19 2013
Ethnic Minorities in Political Campaigns: Depict ethnic minorities to influence the public.
Even if they are subtly embedded in campaign content, racial cues are likely to elicit strong negative affective reactions in recipients. In addition, anxiety toward ethnic minorities results “when negative consequences of immigration are paired with a stigmatized outgroup’ Intergroup emotion theory offers an explanation for why people experience negative emotions toward the negative portrayals of ethnic minorities. . Accordingly, ethnic minorities can be considered as an outgroup that threatens the ingroup. Taken together, political actors often play the race card in campaigns to elicit voters’ negative emotions. AffectInduced Selective Exposure and Attention to Political Communication: In media consumption settings, this means that the arousal of negative emotions is associated with increased attention to mediated stimuli related to that emotion. Reciprocity of Affective Campaign Effects and Selectivity in Attention: “that the relationship between television news use and respondents’ negative emotions is reciprocal” However, it is almost questionable whether this effect can be extrapolated to political campaign contexts. These reciprocal influences between attention to information and the audience characteristic evolve over time. As a consequence of this reciprocity, media effects and selectivity can produce cumulative effects over time.
CMN 3133: Reading #3
Sept 19 2013
Hypotheses
The study aims at testing the reciprocal influences between the effects of political ads on affective reactions toward minorities and the impact of negative affectivity toward that group on the attention to political ads.
Hypothesis 1 (HI): Political ads increase negative affective reactions toward ethnic Minorities Hypothesis 2 (H2): Negative affective reactions toward ethnic minorities enhance the attention to campaign information. A reinforcing spirals process depends on the fact that the influences assumed before can to observed more than once in the course of a campaign. According to this reasoning, the effects hypothesized m H1 and H2 should increase as the campaign progresses.
