CNG VOLVO passenger cars 20080818 - Marcogaz
Widening the driving range of NGV 's Bratislava, Sep. 18th and 19th , 2008
Dr. techn. Uwe K.F. Thien
Contents •
GHG - reduction
•
alternative powertrain
•
energy storage systems
•
natural gas system on the vehicle
•
range extension
•
conclusion
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
2
GHG - reduction target
4,6liter / 100km
fuel efficiency
~ 22 km /liter
Source: Mitigation of Climate Change / IPCC 2007
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
3
Alternative powertrain •
reduction of fuel consumption from raw oil – – – – –
•
alternative natural gas fuel powertrain efficiency (DI, downsizing, transmissions, driving strategies) electrical motor supply (hybrid, batteries,…) FC technology (system efficiency, H2-fuel, buffer-batteries) alternative fuel + energy storage systems
reduction of GHG – alternative fuels supply (natural gas supply,…) – bio- and syn-fuels (biomass products + process combination) – engine efficiency
•
reduction of local emissions (esp. in cities) – fuel type (natural gas, clean synth. fuel types) – engine efficiency + control – regeneration strategy
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
stable CH4 structure 4
Energy storage systems 32
27
31
Petrol 25
18
19
28
LPG 12
16
L-NG 6
8 storage system
7
4
fuel type 1 liter petrol ~ 32 MJ
5
3
0,75 1 25 20 15 10 5 0 volum. energy density [MJ/ltr.] U. Thien
11
C-NG L-H2
7
C-H2
5
Li-IonBat.
LPG
43 46 50 50
… Autogas (Propan/Butan) (8 bar / 293 K) L-NG … liquid natural / biogas (5 bar / 135 K) C-NG … compressed natural gas (200 bar / 293 K) L-H2 … liquid hydrogen (5 bar / 26 K) C-H2 … compressed hydrogen (700 bar / 293 K) Li-Ion- … Lithium-Ionen-Batterie Bat (293 K)
120 120
0,26 0,44 0
20 40 60 80 100 gravim. energy density [MJ/kg]
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
5
Energy storage systems by MS
•
biogas / natural gas storage system (ICE)
•
hydrogen storage system (FC / ICE)
•
Li-Ion storage system (Hybrid, E-Vehicle)
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
6
Natural gas system on the vehicle •
volumetrical energy density of biogas/natural gas on the vehicle (200bar, gasous) related to petrol (liquid)
•
gravimetrical energy density of biogas/natural gas on the vehicle (200bar, gasous) related to petrol (liquid)
1:4
1:3 volumetrical
–
–
gravimetrical
4 to 3,5 times the volumetrical space for the storage system (fuel effic.) for a similar vehicle range
– 3 times the mass of the storage system in steel for a similar vehicle range
the packaging of this additional volumetrical demand is a specific engineering challenge
–
rear axle has to be improved
–
vaildated fixing system on the vehicle Æ new lightweight storage systems (1 : 1.4)
Æ storage pressure improvement (1 : 2.9) volumetrical
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
gravimetrical
7
Natural gas system on the vehicle
below base platform (type 1 Æ steel)
type 1 Æ steel
vehicle range 440 km with CNG
source: Volkswagen / Caddy Ecofuel
U. Thien
source: OPEL / Zafira
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
8
Range extension range of bi-fuel systems
FC / performance of bi-fuel systems optimized relation consumption versus performance
future NG target range > 600 km
2,5 MJ/kW
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
9
Range extension fuel quality
fuel consumption [%] related to fuel mass in kg
higher efficiency !
-10% -10%
calorific heat value MJ/kg
target zone NG fuel quality (97% ± 2%) source: Henke / Sausen / Freisinger / Daimler 2005 U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
10
Range extension year, vehicle range 2006
2004
km
300
2012
450
5 kg / 100 km 7,5 ltr/100km equiv.
fuel consumption
2010
2008
6,75 ltr/100km equiv.
2016
600
CNG optimized bi fuel
4,5 kg / 100 km
2014
mono fuel CNG optimized engine
< 4,0 kg / 100 km < 6,0 ltr/100km equiv.
new example for engine optimization
source: VW 1,4 l (downsizing)
mono fuel new CNG engine concept
reference: MB B - class, ~ 66 kW, ~ 1300 kg U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
11
Range extension storage quantity CNG at 200 bar and at 300 bar (theor. +27%, practical 22%) plus a well calculated refuelling quantity (refuelling station) 248 bar already in use in NA
+ 27%
source: MSF, SIAT 2007
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
12
Range extension vehicle range based on FE of a 1,6 liter 4 cylinder petrol engine CNG at 200 bar and at 300 bar (180 liter volume)
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
13
MS CNG concept cars
mila1 CNG mono fuel: -26% fuel consumption, at WOT
3-wheeler CNG bi-fuel: curb weight 580 kg 4 ltr petrol equivalence / 100km
Pinzgauer 6x6 CNG CNG mono fuel: ecology in a Natural Park CNG 600 CNG mono fuel: vehicle range 650 km < 125 g CO2/km constant driving mode
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
14
flexible vehicle basis variable “hut” horizontal cross section
extreme off road attributes ± 46°
high drivers seating level
small 1,0 ltr engine 62kw, 120 Nm
CNG hybrid - modul < 100 g CO2/km U. Thien
gull wing doors
curb weight about 1000 kg
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
compact vehicle Dimensions LxWxH 3,54 x 1,70 x 1,75
low cost production low tooling expenses 15
Conclusion •
natural gas powertrain has potentials to reduce CO2-emission and tailpipe emissions
•
natural gas vehicles will be still of interest on the vehicle market and will expand; proposed are 6% alternative vehicles in 2015 in the EU (source: F&S) and 24% of it with Biogas / Natural Gas, abs. 1.5%, mono-fuel vehicles have been proposed
•
natural gas fuel type should consist of 97% ± 2%
•
aside flexible light weight vehicle design will support FE activities and CO2-reduction
•
downsizing of engines helps to use the FE potential of CNG optimized engines and a FE improvement of about 10% to 15% can be achieved (supercharging)
•
rising load pressure up to 300 bar will help to improve vehicles range by 22% plus optimized refuelling quantity (refuelling station)
•
from todays vehicle range of 450 km a future target range of 600km and above should be reached (depending on OEM‘s philosophy, example CNG600)
•
lightweight fuel tank design will support to reach range/attractiveness
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
16
Reference Thien, U., Schaffer, K., Eichlseder, H., “1.6 l Supercharged Engine for CNG Motorization of a Sportive Vehicle“, FortschrittBerichte VDI, Reihe 12, Nr. 622, Austrian Society of Automotive Engineers(ÖVK), Vienna, Austria, 27th International Vienna Motor Symposium 2006 Thien U., Schaerfl A., et al.: ”mila” and innovative automobiles powered by natural gas, presentation slides, 1st IQPC Congress Natural Gas Vehicle, Berlin 09/2006 Pucher, E., et al.: “Monovalent Natural Gas Vehicle Concept at 600 km Range by New Lightweight Construction Tanks”; F2006P128, FISITA, World Automotive Congress 2006 Yokohama, Japan Thien U., Krainz G., Jaeger M.: Alternative Antriebstechnik bei MAGNA STEYR in Graz (Alternative Powertrain Technics); Conference „Innovative Fahrzeugantriebe“ (Innovative powertrain for vehicles), VDI, Dresden 11/2006 Thien U., Rudolf M., Schaerfl a., Pucher P., Bernt A.: engine and a new fuel management system for CNG driven vehicles, SIAT, Pune 01/2007 Thien U., Koppitsch K., Quissek F., Kroepfl P., Eichlseder H.: system considerations on the Mila concept car, ATZ 01/2007 Thien U., Schmidt A., Hirz M., Kirchberger R.: Bifuel Concept Forecast for a 3-wheeler vehicle, EAEC congess, Budapest 05/2007 Thien U.: The Natural Gas Concept Car „mila“ CTI Congress, 06/2007 Thien U., et al.: Sustainable and environmental friendly mobility - The complete range from a 3-wheeler transport vehicle to offroadvehicles with natural-gas powertrains; 2nd IQPC Congress Natural Gas Vehicle, Berlin 10/2007 Thien U., Skalla Chr., Hirz M., Kirchberger R.: Synthetic Engine Concept for a 3-wheeler, SIIMC2008, Delhi 01/2008 Thien U.: Wohin geht die Reise am Fahrzeugmarkt - Alternative Energiespeichersysteme (In which direction moves the car market – Alternative Energy Storage Systems), IIR Biogas 2008, Vienna 02/2008 Peier O., Thien U.: Biogas aus der Perspektive des Fahrzeugsektors (Biogas by the perspective of the car sector), EPCON, Baden 04/2008 Pucher P. Thien U., Weber G.: Analyse eines CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) Treibstoffspeichersystems unter realen Einsatzbedingungen; (Analysis of a Compressed Natural Gas Fuel System in Real-Life Operation); Erdgasfahrzeuge (NaturalGasVehicles), expert Verlag, Sept. 17th-18th, 2008, Berlin
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
17
Contact
Dr. tech. Uwe Thien
Project Manager Natural Gas Storage Systems [email protected]
O. Peier
Managing Director R&D [email protected]
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
18
Dr. techn. Uwe K.F. Thien
Contents •
GHG - reduction
•
alternative powertrain
•
energy storage systems
•
natural gas system on the vehicle
•
range extension
•
conclusion
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
2
GHG - reduction target
4,6liter / 100km
fuel efficiency
~ 22 km /liter
Source: Mitigation of Climate Change / IPCC 2007
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
3
Alternative powertrain •
reduction of fuel consumption from raw oil – – – – –
•
alternative natural gas fuel powertrain efficiency (DI, downsizing, transmissions, driving strategies) electrical motor supply (hybrid, batteries,…) FC technology (system efficiency, H2-fuel, buffer-batteries) alternative fuel + energy storage systems
reduction of GHG – alternative fuels supply (natural gas supply,…) – bio- and syn-fuels (biomass products + process combination) – engine efficiency
•
reduction of local emissions (esp. in cities) – fuel type (natural gas, clean synth. fuel types) – engine efficiency + control – regeneration strategy
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
stable CH4 structure 4
Energy storage systems 32
27
31
Petrol 25
18
19
28
LPG 12
16
L-NG 6
8 storage system
7
4
fuel type 1 liter petrol ~ 32 MJ
5
3
0,75 1 25 20 15 10 5 0 volum. energy density [MJ/ltr.] U. Thien
11
C-NG L-H2
7
C-H2
5
Li-IonBat.
LPG
43 46 50 50
… Autogas (Propan/Butan) (8 bar / 293 K) L-NG … liquid natural / biogas (5 bar / 135 K) C-NG … compressed natural gas (200 bar / 293 K) L-H2 … liquid hydrogen (5 bar / 26 K) C-H2 … compressed hydrogen (700 bar / 293 K) Li-Ion- … Lithium-Ionen-Batterie Bat (293 K)
120 120
0,26 0,44 0
20 40 60 80 100 gravim. energy density [MJ/kg]
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
5
Energy storage systems by MS
•
biogas / natural gas storage system (ICE)
•
hydrogen storage system (FC / ICE)
•
Li-Ion storage system (Hybrid, E-Vehicle)
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
6
Natural gas system on the vehicle •
volumetrical energy density of biogas/natural gas on the vehicle (200bar, gasous) related to petrol (liquid)
•
gravimetrical energy density of biogas/natural gas on the vehicle (200bar, gasous) related to petrol (liquid)
1:4
1:3 volumetrical
–
–
gravimetrical
4 to 3,5 times the volumetrical space for the storage system (fuel effic.) for a similar vehicle range
– 3 times the mass of the storage system in steel for a similar vehicle range
the packaging of this additional volumetrical demand is a specific engineering challenge
–
rear axle has to be improved
–
vaildated fixing system on the vehicle Æ new lightweight storage systems (1 : 1.4)
Æ storage pressure improvement (1 : 2.9) volumetrical
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
gravimetrical
7
Natural gas system on the vehicle
below base platform (type 1 Æ steel)
type 1 Æ steel
vehicle range 440 km with CNG
source: Volkswagen / Caddy Ecofuel
U. Thien
source: OPEL / Zafira
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
8
Range extension range of bi-fuel systems
FC / performance of bi-fuel systems optimized relation consumption versus performance
future NG target range > 600 km
2,5 MJ/kW
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
9
Range extension fuel quality
fuel consumption [%] related to fuel mass in kg
higher efficiency !
-10% -10%
calorific heat value MJ/kg
target zone NG fuel quality (97% ± 2%) source: Henke / Sausen / Freisinger / Daimler 2005 U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
10
Range extension year, vehicle range 2006
2004
km
300
2012
450
5 kg / 100 km 7,5 ltr/100km equiv.
fuel consumption
2010
2008
6,75 ltr/100km equiv.
2016
600
CNG optimized bi fuel
4,5 kg / 100 km
2014
mono fuel CNG optimized engine
< 4,0 kg / 100 km < 6,0 ltr/100km equiv.
new example for engine optimization
source: VW 1,4 l (downsizing)
mono fuel new CNG engine concept
reference: MB B - class, ~ 66 kW, ~ 1300 kg U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
11
Range extension storage quantity CNG at 200 bar and at 300 bar (theor. +27%, practical 22%) plus a well calculated refuelling quantity (refuelling station) 248 bar already in use in NA
+ 27%
source: MSF, SIAT 2007
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
12
Range extension vehicle range based on FE of a 1,6 liter 4 cylinder petrol engine CNG at 200 bar and at 300 bar (180 liter volume)
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
13
MS CNG concept cars
mila1 CNG mono fuel: -26% fuel consumption, at WOT
3-wheeler CNG bi-fuel: curb weight 580 kg 4 ltr petrol equivalence / 100km
Pinzgauer 6x6 CNG CNG mono fuel: ecology in a Natural Park CNG 600 CNG mono fuel: vehicle range 650 km < 125 g CO2/km constant driving mode
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
14
flexible vehicle basis variable “hut” horizontal cross section
extreme off road attributes ± 46°
high drivers seating level
small 1,0 ltr engine 62kw, 120 Nm
CNG hybrid - modul < 100 g CO2/km U. Thien
gull wing doors
curb weight about 1000 kg
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
compact vehicle Dimensions LxWxH 3,54 x 1,70 x 1,75
low cost production low tooling expenses 15
Conclusion •
natural gas powertrain has potentials to reduce CO2-emission and tailpipe emissions
•
natural gas vehicles will be still of interest on the vehicle market and will expand; proposed are 6% alternative vehicles in 2015 in the EU (source: F&S) and 24% of it with Biogas / Natural Gas, abs. 1.5%, mono-fuel vehicles have been proposed
•
natural gas fuel type should consist of 97% ± 2%
•
aside flexible light weight vehicle design will support FE activities and CO2-reduction
•
downsizing of engines helps to use the FE potential of CNG optimized engines and a FE improvement of about 10% to 15% can be achieved (supercharging)
•
rising load pressure up to 300 bar will help to improve vehicles range by 22% plus optimized refuelling quantity (refuelling station)
•
from todays vehicle range of 450 km a future target range of 600km and above should be reached (depending on OEM‘s philosophy, example CNG600)
•
lightweight fuel tank design will support to reach range/attractiveness
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
16
Reference Thien, U., Schaffer, K., Eichlseder, H., “1.6 l Supercharged Engine for CNG Motorization of a Sportive Vehicle“, FortschrittBerichte VDI, Reihe 12, Nr. 622, Austrian Society of Automotive Engineers(ÖVK), Vienna, Austria, 27th International Vienna Motor Symposium 2006 Thien U., Schaerfl A., et al.: ”mila” and innovative automobiles powered by natural gas, presentation slides, 1st IQPC Congress Natural Gas Vehicle, Berlin 09/2006 Pucher, E., et al.: “Monovalent Natural Gas Vehicle Concept at 600 km Range by New Lightweight Construction Tanks”; F2006P128, FISITA, World Automotive Congress 2006 Yokohama, Japan Thien U., Krainz G., Jaeger M.: Alternative Antriebstechnik bei MAGNA STEYR in Graz (Alternative Powertrain Technics); Conference „Innovative Fahrzeugantriebe“ (Innovative powertrain for vehicles), VDI, Dresden 11/2006 Thien U., Rudolf M., Schaerfl a., Pucher P., Bernt A.: engine and a new fuel management system for CNG driven vehicles, SIAT, Pune 01/2007 Thien U., Koppitsch K., Quissek F., Kroepfl P., Eichlseder H.: system considerations on the Mila concept car, ATZ 01/2007 Thien U., Schmidt A., Hirz M., Kirchberger R.: Bifuel Concept Forecast for a 3-wheeler vehicle, EAEC congess, Budapest 05/2007 Thien U.: The Natural Gas Concept Car „mila“ CTI Congress, 06/2007 Thien U., et al.: Sustainable and environmental friendly mobility - The complete range from a 3-wheeler transport vehicle to offroadvehicles with natural-gas powertrains; 2nd IQPC Congress Natural Gas Vehicle, Berlin 10/2007 Thien U., Skalla Chr., Hirz M., Kirchberger R.: Synthetic Engine Concept for a 3-wheeler, SIIMC2008, Delhi 01/2008 Thien U.: Wohin geht die Reise am Fahrzeugmarkt - Alternative Energiespeichersysteme (In which direction moves the car market – Alternative Energy Storage Systems), IIR Biogas 2008, Vienna 02/2008 Peier O., Thien U.: Biogas aus der Perspektive des Fahrzeugsektors (Biogas by the perspective of the car sector), EPCON, Baden 04/2008 Pucher P. Thien U., Weber G.: Analyse eines CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) Treibstoffspeichersystems unter realen Einsatzbedingungen; (Analysis of a Compressed Natural Gas Fuel System in Real-Life Operation); Erdgasfahrzeuge (NaturalGasVehicles), expert Verlag, Sept. 17th-18th, 2008, Berlin
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
17
Contact
Dr. tech. Uwe Thien
Project Manager Natural Gas Storage Systems [email protected]
O. Peier
Managing Director R&D [email protected]
U. Thien
File: 20080915_EFG2008_THIEN_V6.ppt
18
