COLLEGE AND CAREER READINESS: WORLD LANGUAGE ...
COLLEGE AND CAREER READINESS: WORLD LANGUAGE EDUCATION
2015 NDE DAY ADMINISTRATORS’DAYS
The Six Tenets of AQuESTT
College &Career Readiness
College and Career Ready The State Board of Education believes that every student, upon completion of their secondary education, shall be prepared:
• •
for postsecondary educational opportunities to pursue their career goals
World Language Education • preparedness for postsecondary educational opportunities
• pursuit of career goals
CONTEXT • English is NOT the most commonly spoken language in the world (native speakers).
• 232M
330M
405M
873M
955M
570M
310M
328M
360M
Swedish Nationalencyklopedin (2007, 2010) http://www.travel-experience-live.com/why-travel-helps-improve-your-language-skills/
English is, by far, the most commonly studied foreign language in the world.
http://visual.ly/worlds-top-languages
Languages Spoken in the U.S.
Modern Language Association. Retrieved on September 2, 2013, Dennis Bratland
Bilingual Tendencies
http://dana.org/Cerebrum/2012/The_Cognitive_Benefits_of_Being_Bilingual/
• All but two countries (Ireland and Scotland) in the European Union mandate the study of a FL, beginning in primary school. • With the exception of Italy and Wales, all European students must learn a foreign language throughout their compulsory education. (Eurydice, 2005)
Even in the United States, which is widely considered to be monolingual, one-fifth of those over the age of five reported speaking a language other than English at home in 2007, an increase of 140 percent since 1980.
http://dana.org/Cerebrum/2012/The_Cognitive_Benefits_of_Being_Bilingual/#sthash.Iv8WppZl.dpuf
Trending upward…
“What we've seen is pretty devastating.” Rhodes, Center for Applied Linguistics
• number of elementary schools offering WL instruction dropped from 31% to 25% in less than a decade. • number of middle schools dropped from 75% to 58 % • 91% of high schools offer WL, but only 46% of students actually take them. Center for Applied Linguistics, 2008
Why learn another language?
The Career Ready Individual…
The Career Ready Individual..
Brain Benefits • after three months of studying a foreign language, learners’ brains grew in four places.
• interpreters’ brains are structurally more malleable.
Mårtensson, Eriksson, Bodammerc, Lindgren, Johansson, Nyberg, & Lövdén (2012). Growth of language-related brain areas after foreign language learning
Improved Memory & Better Recall • young participants who spoke a second language worked faster • pulled information and identified problems in a more logical fashion • each act of L2 retrieval changes neural connections, improving the ability to retrieve knowledge again in the future. Julia Morales, Alejandra Calvo, Ellen Bialystok (2013). Working memory development in monolingual and bilingual children
Higher Verbal and Non-verbal Intelligence • consistently outperform monolinguals on tests of verbal and nonverbal intelligence • bilinguals show significant advantage in non-verbal tests that require more mental flexibility
Peal E., Lambert M. (1962). The relation of bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological Monographs75(546): 1–23. Nunes, L. D., & Karpicke, J. D. (in press). Retrieval-based learning: Research at the interface between cognitive science and education.
Increased skill with strategies • increased ability to apply reading strategies effectively due to greater experience in language learning and reading in two—or more—different languages
Emrah Dolgunsoz, 2014, Benefits of multilingualism in FL Learning: A comparative study of bilingual and multilingual grammar strategies.
The Career Ready Individual..
ACTFL.org Standards for Foreign Language Learning
Increased Communicative Competency in L1 • learn more rapidly in L1and display improved performance in other basic L1 skills, regardless of race, gender, or academic level • more efficient communicators in the L1 • better language proficiency in, sensitivity to, and understanding of L1
• greater L1 vocabulary size over age Paradowski, 2010, The Benefits of Multilingualism. Multilingual Living.
Increased Understanding of own Language & Skills • learning a second language draws your attention to the rules and structure of language, thus makes you better at your first language • strong positive correlation between WL study and improved reading scores for children of average and below average intelligence (Garfinkel & Tabor 1991)
• third-grade students who started in bilingual education in kindergarten may not do as well on English reading tests as Spanish-speaking children who started in English-only programs. • by fifth grade, these same children in bilingual education read as well or better in English than those in English-only programs. On top of that, they read and write better in Spanish as well. Slaven, Madden, Calderon, Chamberlain, Hennessy (2010) Reading and Language Outcomes of a Five year Randomized Evaluation of Transitional Bilingual Education
The Career Ready Individual..
• “Knowing other languages and understanding other cultures is a 21st Century skill set for American students as they prepare to live and work in a global society. No matter what career students enter, they will be interacting with others around the world on a routine basis and doing business locally with those whose native language is not English.”
– Marty Abbott, ACTFL president, actfl.org
• the cost of assuming that foreign customers will learn your language, and never bothering to learn theirs, is certainly a lot greater than zero • lack of foreign-language proficiency in Britain costs the economy the equivalent of $80 billion annually James Foreman-Peck of Cardiff Business School
The Career Ready Individual..
• research indicates that children who study WL, even when it takes time away from the study of mathematics, outperform students who do not study a WL and have more mathematical instruction during the school day. • supports notion that learning a second language is an exercise in cognitive problem solving and that the effects of second language instruction are directly transferable to the area of mathematical skill development. Webb bibliography http://www.doe.state.la.us/lde/uploads/2599.pdf
Greater Cognitive Flexibility • Superior ability to deal with conflicting visual and verbal information
Ellen Bialystok and Michelle Martin-Rhee, 2004, Attention and inhibition in bilingual children: evidence from the dimensional change card sort task, Developmental Science
Improved Focus • bilinguals have stronger control over their attention • bilinguals show an increased ability to tune out distractions and concentrate on the given task • bilinguals better eliminate unnecessary information and work on only what was essential Ellen Bialystok, Fergus I. M. Craik (2010). “Cognitive and Linguistic Processing in the Bilingual Mind“.
The Career Ready Individual..
• “WL learning is much more a cognitive problem solving activity than a linguistic activity, overall. Studies have shown repeatedly that foreign language learning increases critical thinking skills, creativity, and flexibility of mind in young children.” Terry Caccavale, president of National Network for Early Language Learning, actfl.org
• acknowledge and explore multiple perspectives on issues at hand • multiple perspectives encourage exercising critical thinking skills
(Kennedy, 1994, TESL-EJ, volume 1)
• Bilingual speakers make more reasonable decisions and are more certain of their choices after thinking them over in their second languages
http://www.bhlingual.com/brain-benefits-bilingual-infographic/
The Career Ready Individual..
Increased Creativity • Early language study forces you to reach for alternate words when you can’t quite remember the original one you wanted to use and makes you experiment with new words and phrases • It improves your skills in divergent thinking, which is the ability to identify multiple solutions to a single problem.
Kathryn W. Bamford, Donald T. Mizokawa (2006). Additive-Bilingual (Immersion) Education: Cognitive and Language Development.
The Career Ready Individual..
The more language you know, the more people you can talk to, the more books you can read, the more cultures you can understand, the better you know the world, the stronger a grasp you have on reality - what is real, what is less real, what is not real, and all the finer points in between.
Understanding of Others • Attitudes about others are formed by the age of ten and are often shaped between the ages of 4 and 8. Learning a language at a young age helps connect a child with others while they are still open-minded and have not restricted their views of others • Bilingualism (or plurilingualism) improves global communication and intercultural understandings (Curtain and Pesola, 1988) (Center for Applied Linguistics, 2004)
• Multilinguals are not restricted to a single world-view. • They have a better understanding that other outlooks are possible.
Cook, V. (2001).Requirements for a multilingual model of language production.
Better At Multitasking • learning a language increases brain flexibility, making it easy to switch tasks in just seconds • better at adapting and handling unexpected situations much better than monolinguals.
Brian T. Gold, Chobok Kim, Nathan F. Johnson, Richard J. Kryscio and Charles D. Smith (2013). “Lifelong Bilingualism Maintains Neural Efficiency for Cognitive Control in Aging“.
The Career Ready Individual..
• More effective in using learning technologies
Cenoz, J. (2009). Towards Multilingual Education: Basque Educational Research from an International Perspective, Multilingual Matters, Canada
Multiple Literacies • Being able to read three different papers in 3 different languages with coffee or tea in the morning about the vanished Malaysian airplane, you will find all three different language papers have variances on the facts and in the editorial. Knowing the variances allows you to have a closer grasp of reality. That's worth something.
The Career Ready Individual..
• fluent bilingualism has been associated with lower likelihood of dropping out of high school and higher probability of having a higher status job with higher earnings. • monolingualism may have costs: lack of proficiency in L1was found to be associated with annual income losses between $2,100 and $3,300. Joe Light, 2011, Languages Needed, but No Plans to Learn, Wall Street Journal
Improved Scores on Standardized Tests • Bilingual students consistently score higher on standardized tests in comparison with their monolingual peers, especially in the areas of math, reading and vocabulary. • Results from the SAT show that students who completed at least four years of foreign-language study scored more than 100 points higher on each section of the SAT than monolingual students. (College Board 2004)
• Even third-graders who had received 15 minutes of conversational French lessons daily for a year had statistically higher SAT scores than their peers who had not received French classes. (Lopata, 1963)
• "Every issue you can name -- economics, public health, police work, climate change -- there are international dimensions to all of them. You have to have an awareness of other cultures. You can't know about all of them. You can't speak all languages. But languages are going to be important, and we are going to need to continue to learn about them." Vivien Stewart, vice president of education programs at the Asia Society.
The Career Ready Individual..
• A study by the University of Florida found that fully bilingual Hispanics earn an average of nearly $7,000 more per than their peers who speak only English.
http://www.mcdanielfreepress.com/2014/11/20/why-students-should-learn-another-language/
2% PREMIUM • university graduate – average starting salary $45,000
• save “language bonus” – compound interest
• assuming 1% real salary increase per year and 2% average real return over 40 years, a 2% language bonus turns into extra $67,000 in retirement Albert Saiz, economist , http://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2014/03/language-study
Varying Premiums • 1.5% for Spanish ($51,000) • 2.3% for French ($77,000) • 3.8% for German ($128,000) • Better to learn a language in high demand but short supply.
http://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2014/03/language-study
National Priorities • as the economy grows in China, India and the Middle East • increasing focus on security after the attacks of September 11 Studying world languages is becoming a national priority. The U.S. State Department's National Security Language Initiative encourages the study of seven languages that are rarely taught in the U.S.: Chinese, Hindi, Arabic, Russian, Korean, Farsi, and Turkish.
Proficiency Level
Corresponding Career/Job
Superior/ Distinguished
Interpreter, Accountant, Executive, Lawyer, Judge, Financial Advisor
Advanced (H-M-L)
Professor, Doctor, Sales rep, Social worker, Customer Service rep, Police, Teacher
Intermediate (H-M-L)
Aviation personnel, Receptionist, Tour guide, Cashier
Novice (H-M-L)
--------------
•
Proficiency Level
Corresponding Career/Job
Superior/ Distinguished 16+ years
Interpreter, Accountant, Executive, Lawyer, Judge, Financial Advisor
Advanced (H-M-L) 12+ years
Professor, Doctor, Sales rep, Social worker, Customer Service rep, Police, Teacher
Intermediate (H-M-L)
Aviation personnel, Receptionist, Tour guide, Cashier
4-8 years Novice (H-M-L)
--------------
Opportunity for ALL • multilingualism is the natural potential available to every normal human being rather than an unusual exception: “Given the appropriate environment, two languages are as normal as two lungs”
(Cook, 2002, p. 23)
• when students not accustomed to achievement in school excel in this area, they develop a significantly higher selfconcept and self-esteem
(Masciantonio 1977; Andrade et al. 1989; Saunders 1998)
How? • • • • • • •
Distance Learning Shared Teacher Visiting Teacher Technology enrichment Content-based instruction Dual Language/Immersion Alternative approaches to L2 learning – Staff, volunteers, ambassador program, cultural liaison visitors
COLLEGE AND CAREER READINESS: WORLD LANGUAGE EDUCATION
Janine Theiler, PhD Director of World Language Education [email protected] 402-782-2273(cell)
2015 NDE DAY ADMINISTRATORS’DAYS
Slow Cognitive Decline Individuals who speak two or more languages, regardless of their education level, gender or occupation, experience the onset of Alzheimer’s, on average, 4 1/2 years later than monolingual subjects
THINK BROADER Holistic view of each student Equal access to information Collective impact
EXPERIENCE BOLDER New system for measurement Customized for Nebraska Outcome-based approach
BE BETTER Continuous improvement Sharing of best practices Focused on every student, every day
2015 NDE DAY ADMINISTRATORS’DAYS
The Six Tenets of AQuESTT
College &Career Readiness
College and Career Ready The State Board of Education believes that every student, upon completion of their secondary education, shall be prepared:
• •
for postsecondary educational opportunities to pursue their career goals
World Language Education • preparedness for postsecondary educational opportunities
• pursuit of career goals
CONTEXT • English is NOT the most commonly spoken language in the world (native speakers).
• 232M
330M
405M
873M
955M
570M
310M
328M
360M
Swedish Nationalencyklopedin (2007, 2010) http://www.travel-experience-live.com/why-travel-helps-improve-your-language-skills/
English is, by far, the most commonly studied foreign language in the world.
http://visual.ly/worlds-top-languages
Languages Spoken in the U.S.
Modern Language Association. Retrieved on September 2, 2013, Dennis Bratland
Bilingual Tendencies
http://dana.org/Cerebrum/2012/The_Cognitive_Benefits_of_Being_Bilingual/
• All but two countries (Ireland and Scotland) in the European Union mandate the study of a FL, beginning in primary school. • With the exception of Italy and Wales, all European students must learn a foreign language throughout their compulsory education. (Eurydice, 2005)
Even in the United States, which is widely considered to be monolingual, one-fifth of those over the age of five reported speaking a language other than English at home in 2007, an increase of 140 percent since 1980.
http://dana.org/Cerebrum/2012/The_Cognitive_Benefits_of_Being_Bilingual/#sthash.Iv8WppZl.dpuf
Trending upward…
“What we've seen is pretty devastating.” Rhodes, Center for Applied Linguistics
• number of elementary schools offering WL instruction dropped from 31% to 25% in less than a decade. • number of middle schools dropped from 75% to 58 % • 91% of high schools offer WL, but only 46% of students actually take them. Center for Applied Linguistics, 2008
Why learn another language?
The Career Ready Individual…
The Career Ready Individual..
Brain Benefits • after three months of studying a foreign language, learners’ brains grew in four places.
• interpreters’ brains are structurally more malleable.
Mårtensson, Eriksson, Bodammerc, Lindgren, Johansson, Nyberg, & Lövdén (2012). Growth of language-related brain areas after foreign language learning
Improved Memory & Better Recall • young participants who spoke a second language worked faster • pulled information and identified problems in a more logical fashion • each act of L2 retrieval changes neural connections, improving the ability to retrieve knowledge again in the future. Julia Morales, Alejandra Calvo, Ellen Bialystok (2013). Working memory development in monolingual and bilingual children
Higher Verbal and Non-verbal Intelligence • consistently outperform monolinguals on tests of verbal and nonverbal intelligence • bilinguals show significant advantage in non-verbal tests that require more mental flexibility
Peal E., Lambert M. (1962). The relation of bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological Monographs75(546): 1–23. Nunes, L. D., & Karpicke, J. D. (in press). Retrieval-based learning: Research at the interface between cognitive science and education.
Increased skill with strategies • increased ability to apply reading strategies effectively due to greater experience in language learning and reading in two—or more—different languages
Emrah Dolgunsoz, 2014, Benefits of multilingualism in FL Learning: A comparative study of bilingual and multilingual grammar strategies.
The Career Ready Individual..
ACTFL.org Standards for Foreign Language Learning
Increased Communicative Competency in L1 • learn more rapidly in L1and display improved performance in other basic L1 skills, regardless of race, gender, or academic level • more efficient communicators in the L1 • better language proficiency in, sensitivity to, and understanding of L1
• greater L1 vocabulary size over age Paradowski, 2010, The Benefits of Multilingualism. Multilingual Living.
Increased Understanding of own Language & Skills • learning a second language draws your attention to the rules and structure of language, thus makes you better at your first language • strong positive correlation between WL study and improved reading scores for children of average and below average intelligence (Garfinkel & Tabor 1991)
• third-grade students who started in bilingual education in kindergarten may not do as well on English reading tests as Spanish-speaking children who started in English-only programs. • by fifth grade, these same children in bilingual education read as well or better in English than those in English-only programs. On top of that, they read and write better in Spanish as well. Slaven, Madden, Calderon, Chamberlain, Hennessy (2010) Reading and Language Outcomes of a Five year Randomized Evaluation of Transitional Bilingual Education
The Career Ready Individual..
• “Knowing other languages and understanding other cultures is a 21st Century skill set for American students as they prepare to live and work in a global society. No matter what career students enter, they will be interacting with others around the world on a routine basis and doing business locally with those whose native language is not English.”
– Marty Abbott, ACTFL president, actfl.org
• the cost of assuming that foreign customers will learn your language, and never bothering to learn theirs, is certainly a lot greater than zero • lack of foreign-language proficiency in Britain costs the economy the equivalent of $80 billion annually James Foreman-Peck of Cardiff Business School
The Career Ready Individual..
• research indicates that children who study WL, even when it takes time away from the study of mathematics, outperform students who do not study a WL and have more mathematical instruction during the school day. • supports notion that learning a second language is an exercise in cognitive problem solving and that the effects of second language instruction are directly transferable to the area of mathematical skill development. Webb bibliography http://www.doe.state.la.us/lde/uploads/2599.pdf
Greater Cognitive Flexibility • Superior ability to deal with conflicting visual and verbal information
Ellen Bialystok and Michelle Martin-Rhee, 2004, Attention and inhibition in bilingual children: evidence from the dimensional change card sort task, Developmental Science
Improved Focus • bilinguals have stronger control over their attention • bilinguals show an increased ability to tune out distractions and concentrate on the given task • bilinguals better eliminate unnecessary information and work on only what was essential Ellen Bialystok, Fergus I. M. Craik (2010). “Cognitive and Linguistic Processing in the Bilingual Mind“.
The Career Ready Individual..
• “WL learning is much more a cognitive problem solving activity than a linguistic activity, overall. Studies have shown repeatedly that foreign language learning increases critical thinking skills, creativity, and flexibility of mind in young children.” Terry Caccavale, president of National Network for Early Language Learning, actfl.org
• acknowledge and explore multiple perspectives on issues at hand • multiple perspectives encourage exercising critical thinking skills
(Kennedy, 1994, TESL-EJ, volume 1)
• Bilingual speakers make more reasonable decisions and are more certain of their choices after thinking them over in their second languages
http://www.bhlingual.com/brain-benefits-bilingual-infographic/
The Career Ready Individual..
Increased Creativity • Early language study forces you to reach for alternate words when you can’t quite remember the original one you wanted to use and makes you experiment with new words and phrases • It improves your skills in divergent thinking, which is the ability to identify multiple solutions to a single problem.
Kathryn W. Bamford, Donald T. Mizokawa (2006). Additive-Bilingual (Immersion) Education: Cognitive and Language Development.
The Career Ready Individual..
The more language you know, the more people you can talk to, the more books you can read, the more cultures you can understand, the better you know the world, the stronger a grasp you have on reality - what is real, what is less real, what is not real, and all the finer points in between.
Understanding of Others • Attitudes about others are formed by the age of ten and are often shaped between the ages of 4 and 8. Learning a language at a young age helps connect a child with others while they are still open-minded and have not restricted their views of others • Bilingualism (or plurilingualism) improves global communication and intercultural understandings (Curtain and Pesola, 1988) (Center for Applied Linguistics, 2004)
• Multilinguals are not restricted to a single world-view. • They have a better understanding that other outlooks are possible.
Cook, V. (2001).Requirements for a multilingual model of language production.
Better At Multitasking • learning a language increases brain flexibility, making it easy to switch tasks in just seconds • better at adapting and handling unexpected situations much better than monolinguals.
Brian T. Gold, Chobok Kim, Nathan F. Johnson, Richard J. Kryscio and Charles D. Smith (2013). “Lifelong Bilingualism Maintains Neural Efficiency for Cognitive Control in Aging“.
The Career Ready Individual..
• More effective in using learning technologies
Cenoz, J. (2009). Towards Multilingual Education: Basque Educational Research from an International Perspective, Multilingual Matters, Canada
Multiple Literacies • Being able to read three different papers in 3 different languages with coffee or tea in the morning about the vanished Malaysian airplane, you will find all three different language papers have variances on the facts and in the editorial. Knowing the variances allows you to have a closer grasp of reality. That's worth something.
The Career Ready Individual..
• fluent bilingualism has been associated with lower likelihood of dropping out of high school and higher probability of having a higher status job with higher earnings. • monolingualism may have costs: lack of proficiency in L1was found to be associated with annual income losses between $2,100 and $3,300. Joe Light, 2011, Languages Needed, but No Plans to Learn, Wall Street Journal
Improved Scores on Standardized Tests • Bilingual students consistently score higher on standardized tests in comparison with their monolingual peers, especially in the areas of math, reading and vocabulary. • Results from the SAT show that students who completed at least four years of foreign-language study scored more than 100 points higher on each section of the SAT than monolingual students. (College Board 2004)
• Even third-graders who had received 15 minutes of conversational French lessons daily for a year had statistically higher SAT scores than their peers who had not received French classes. (Lopata, 1963)
• "Every issue you can name -- economics, public health, police work, climate change -- there are international dimensions to all of them. You have to have an awareness of other cultures. You can't know about all of them. You can't speak all languages. But languages are going to be important, and we are going to need to continue to learn about them." Vivien Stewart, vice president of education programs at the Asia Society.
The Career Ready Individual..
• A study by the University of Florida found that fully bilingual Hispanics earn an average of nearly $7,000 more per than their peers who speak only English.
http://www.mcdanielfreepress.com/2014/11/20/why-students-should-learn-another-language/
2% PREMIUM • university graduate – average starting salary $45,000
• save “language bonus” – compound interest
• assuming 1% real salary increase per year and 2% average real return over 40 years, a 2% language bonus turns into extra $67,000 in retirement Albert Saiz, economist , http://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2014/03/language-study
Varying Premiums • 1.5% for Spanish ($51,000) • 2.3% for French ($77,000) • 3.8% for German ($128,000) • Better to learn a language in high demand but short supply.
http://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2014/03/language-study
National Priorities • as the economy grows in China, India and the Middle East • increasing focus on security after the attacks of September 11 Studying world languages is becoming a national priority. The U.S. State Department's National Security Language Initiative encourages the study of seven languages that are rarely taught in the U.S.: Chinese, Hindi, Arabic, Russian, Korean, Farsi, and Turkish.
Proficiency Level
Corresponding Career/Job
Superior/ Distinguished
Interpreter, Accountant, Executive, Lawyer, Judge, Financial Advisor
Advanced (H-M-L)
Professor, Doctor, Sales rep, Social worker, Customer Service rep, Police, Teacher
Intermediate (H-M-L)
Aviation personnel, Receptionist, Tour guide, Cashier
Novice (H-M-L)
--------------
•
Proficiency Level
Corresponding Career/Job
Superior/ Distinguished 16+ years
Interpreter, Accountant, Executive, Lawyer, Judge, Financial Advisor
Advanced (H-M-L) 12+ years
Professor, Doctor, Sales rep, Social worker, Customer Service rep, Police, Teacher
Intermediate (H-M-L)
Aviation personnel, Receptionist, Tour guide, Cashier
4-8 years Novice (H-M-L)
--------------
Opportunity for ALL • multilingualism is the natural potential available to every normal human being rather than an unusual exception: “Given the appropriate environment, two languages are as normal as two lungs”
(Cook, 2002, p. 23)
• when students not accustomed to achievement in school excel in this area, they develop a significantly higher selfconcept and self-esteem
(Masciantonio 1977; Andrade et al. 1989; Saunders 1998)
How? • • • • • • •
Distance Learning Shared Teacher Visiting Teacher Technology enrichment Content-based instruction Dual Language/Immersion Alternative approaches to L2 learning – Staff, volunteers, ambassador program, cultural liaison visitors
COLLEGE AND CAREER READINESS: WORLD LANGUAGE EDUCATION
Janine Theiler, PhD Director of World Language Education [email protected] 402-782-2273(cell)
2015 NDE DAY ADMINISTRATORS’DAYS
Slow Cognitive Decline Individuals who speak two or more languages, regardless of their education level, gender or occupation, experience the onset of Alzheimer’s, on average, 4 1/2 years later than monolingual subjects
THINK BROADER Holistic view of each student Equal access to information Collective impact
EXPERIENCE BOLDER New system for measurement Customized for Nebraska Outcome-based approach
BE BETTER Continuous improvement Sharing of best practices Focused on every student, every day
