Combined Production of Heat, Power and Biofuels
Chalmers University of Technology
Pilot Gasifier for GoBiGas and Thermo Chemical Biomass Conversion Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology Chalmers University of Technology
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
The GoBiGas Project • Phase 1, 2012 Biomass to SNG via Gasification Plant size 20 MW (~160 GWh) SNG, > 90 % overall thermal efficiency (SNG + district heating) • Phase 2, 2015 Plant size 80 MW (~640 GWh) SNG, > 90 % (SNG + Electricity + District Heating)
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Chalmers Pilot Gasifier • Provide a platform for advanced research in commercial scale • Education of personnel • Demonstration of an Opportunity to Gasify Biomass in Existing Energy Infrastructure Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Scope of Chalmers Pilot Gasifier Biomass
Clean Nitrogen Free Synthesis Gas
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Conversion Stages of Solid Biomass
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Indirect Gasification QG
Drying
Steam QGH+Q
Flue gas
QG
Tchimny>Tmin QC
Tquench >
F uel
Ai r Q
Dry N2 free product gas
Stea m QCH
Stea m QGH
Qeva
Product gas
Evaporated and Pre-heating of waste water
Drying Devolatilization
Combustion
Waste water (liq), Xw
H eat C har
Gasification
Fluidized Bed
Stea m Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Energy Balance Indirect Gasification
Q G
QG
Qfuel,dri QC
QG
QC
Xw=0.1
Drying Devolatilization
Combustion
Air preheated to 53 % of QGH+Q xQ GL
H eat C har
Gasification
Stea m Qfuel,d
Drying Q fuel
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Methane in Synthesis Gas
Equilibrium composition
1,0
1 kmol Wood (CH1.5O0.6)
[kmol]
CO
CH4 0,5
CO2
Gas cleaningGasification H2 750-950°C
Methanation 280-450°C
H2O 0,0 [°C]
Temperature [°C] Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
SNG Process and Tar Reforming High temperature TAR reforming
[°C]
CnHm + H2O nCO + (1+m/2)H2 endoth.
1000 800
Tar + yH2 CnHm + H2O H2O + CO H2 + CO2 exoth. CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2O exoth.
600 400 200
Heat Losses Scrubbing
0 Gasification
gas cleaning
methane synthesis
gas upgrading
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Challenges for SNG Production via Gasification 1. Demonstrate the commercial feasibility of SNG production 3. Develop efficient solutions for gas cleaning, above all for tars and sulphur 5. Demonstrate various opportunities to convert biomass in a gasifier 7. Demonstrate how to up or down scale key components to required sizes 9. Evaluate and give recommendation on materials for the various reactors in the system. Especially find applicable materials for heat transfer surfaces. Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Research Activity at Chalmers The Pathways Project The development of the stationary energy system in Europe and international fuel markets Process design Demonstration and analysis of technologies Material Gasification and Combustion Chalmers Power Station
Tar analysis Scaling Fuel conversion
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Concept for Chalmers Pilot Gasifier Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) Heat, Electricity, Steam
Heat, Electricity, Steam
Ai r Before
Reconstruction Circulating bed Bubbling beds
Fuel, e.g. Biomass or Coal
F uel
Hot Bed Material
Fuel, e.g. Biomass or Coal
Hot Bed Material
Combustible Gas
Ai r
Stea m
After Reconstruction Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Chalmers Pilot Gasifier Chalmers 12 MW CFB Boiler
Heat, Electricity, Steam
Fuel, e.g. biomass or coal
Varmt bäddmaterial
Flue Gas
Ai r
Nitroge n Raw Gas Combustible Gas
Hot Bedmaterial
F uel
Steam, Flue Gas or Air
Steam, Flue Gas or Air
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Specification of Chalmers Gasifier Variation possibilities
Measurements
•
•
Product gas composition
•
Solid flux
•
Fuel feed
Fuel load 0 – 4 MW (0 - 1 ton/h) –
•
(tested: 0-2.3 MW)
Optional fluidization media - Steam - Flue gases - Air (not yet tested)
•
Temperature in Gasifier 550-950 C (tested 725 - 860 C)
•
Temperatures
•
Residence time
•
Pressures
•
In plant gas and bed sampling
•
Extraction of gas slip flow
• •
- Adjustable solid flux - Adjustable bed height (Not yet applied)
Fuel
- Dry pellets (tested: Wood and Bark) - Wet biomass (tested: Wood chips)
Bed material (tested: silica sand)
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Dry Gas Composition
Heating Value (Calc. Dry Gas ) 13.7 MJ/nm3 or 14.1 MJ/kg
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Conclusions • Chalmers pilot gasifier has shown its applicability to perform advanced research in MW scale for indirect gasification of biomass • A strategic work to provide a new generation of researchers and engineers for the realization of the foreseen large scale implementation of biogas production via gasification are at present ongoing at Chalmers. • The possibility to integrate an indirect gasifier on an existing boiler has been successfully demonstrated. An option that provides a cost effective short cut for the implementation of the gasification technology.
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Pilot Gasifier for GoBiGas and Thermo Chemical Biomass Conversion Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology Chalmers University of Technology
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
The GoBiGas Project • Phase 1, 2012 Biomass to SNG via Gasification Plant size 20 MW (~160 GWh) SNG, > 90 % overall thermal efficiency (SNG + district heating) • Phase 2, 2015 Plant size 80 MW (~640 GWh) SNG, > 90 % (SNG + Electricity + District Heating)
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Chalmers Pilot Gasifier • Provide a platform for advanced research in commercial scale • Education of personnel • Demonstration of an Opportunity to Gasify Biomass in Existing Energy Infrastructure Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Scope of Chalmers Pilot Gasifier Biomass
Clean Nitrogen Free Synthesis Gas
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Conversion Stages of Solid Biomass
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Indirect Gasification QG
Drying
Steam QGH+Q
Flue gas
QG
Tchimny>Tmin QC
Tquench >
F uel
Ai r Q
Dry N2 free product gas
Stea m QCH
Stea m QGH
Qeva
Product gas
Evaporated and Pre-heating of waste water
Drying Devolatilization
Combustion
Waste water (liq), Xw
H eat C har
Gasification
Fluidized Bed
Stea m Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Energy Balance Indirect Gasification
Q G
QG
Qfuel,dri QC
QG
QC
Xw=0.1
Drying Devolatilization
Combustion
Air preheated to 53 % of QGH+Q xQ GL
H eat C har
Gasification
Stea m Qfuel,d
Drying Q fuel
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Methane in Synthesis Gas
Equilibrium composition
1,0
1 kmol Wood (CH1.5O0.6)
[kmol]
CO
CH4 0,5
CO2
Gas cleaningGasification H2 750-950°C
Methanation 280-450°C
H2O 0,0 [°C]
Temperature [°C] Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
SNG Process and Tar Reforming High temperature TAR reforming
[°C]
CnHm + H2O nCO + (1+m/2)H2 endoth.
1000 800
Tar + yH2 CnHm + H2O H2O + CO H2 + CO2 exoth. CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2O exoth.
600 400 200
Heat Losses Scrubbing
0 Gasification
gas cleaning
methane synthesis
gas upgrading
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Challenges for SNG Production via Gasification 1. Demonstrate the commercial feasibility of SNG production 3. Develop efficient solutions for gas cleaning, above all for tars and sulphur 5. Demonstrate various opportunities to convert biomass in a gasifier 7. Demonstrate how to up or down scale key components to required sizes 9. Evaluate and give recommendation on materials for the various reactors in the system. Especially find applicable materials for heat transfer surfaces. Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Research Activity at Chalmers The Pathways Project The development of the stationary energy system in Europe and international fuel markets Process design Demonstration and analysis of technologies Material Gasification and Combustion Chalmers Power Station
Tar analysis Scaling Fuel conversion
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Concept for Chalmers Pilot Gasifier Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) Heat, Electricity, Steam
Heat, Electricity, Steam
Ai r Before
Reconstruction Circulating bed Bubbling beds
Fuel, e.g. Biomass or Coal
F uel
Hot Bed Material
Fuel, e.g. Biomass or Coal
Hot Bed Material
Combustible Gas
Ai r
Stea m
After Reconstruction Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Chalmers Pilot Gasifier Chalmers 12 MW CFB Boiler
Heat, Electricity, Steam
Fuel, e.g. biomass or coal
Varmt bäddmaterial
Flue Gas
Ai r
Nitroge n Raw Gas Combustible Gas
Hot Bedmaterial
F uel
Steam, Flue Gas or Air
Steam, Flue Gas or Air
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Specification of Chalmers Gasifier Variation possibilities
Measurements
•
•
Product gas composition
•
Solid flux
•
Fuel feed
Fuel load 0 – 4 MW (0 - 1 ton/h) –
•
(tested: 0-2.3 MW)
Optional fluidization media - Steam - Flue gases - Air (not yet tested)
•
Temperature in Gasifier 550-950 C (tested 725 - 860 C)
•
Temperatures
•
Residence time
•
Pressures
•
In plant gas and bed sampling
•
Extraction of gas slip flow
• •
- Adjustable solid flux - Adjustable bed height (Not yet applied)
Fuel
- Dry pellets (tested: Wood and Bark) - Wet biomass (tested: Wood chips)
Bed material (tested: silica sand)
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Dry Gas Composition
Heating Value (Calc. Dry Gas ) 13.7 MJ/nm3 or 14.1 MJ/kg
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
Chalmers University of Technology
Conclusions • Chalmers pilot gasifier has shown its applicability to perform advanced research in MW scale for indirect gasification of biomass • A strategic work to provide a new generation of researchers and engineers for the realization of the foreseen large scale implementation of biogas production via gasification are at present ongoing at Chalmers. • The possibility to integrate an indirect gasifier on an existing boiler has been successfully demonstrated. An option that provides a cost effective short cut for the implementation of the gasification technology.
Henrik Thunman Division of Energy Technology
