Conflict and Radical Theories I. Conflict Theory - It moves away from ...
Conflict and Radical Theories I.
Conflict Theory
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It moves away from the individual view of crime and goes towards political and economical view According to conflict theory capitalist theory o Defines what criminal behaviour is o Create conditions for conduction of crime
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- this view became popular in 1970 and people started to respond to event that were going on at the time - they borrowed a lot from conflict and Marx A. Overview B. Roots C. Grand Theory: Consensus vs. Conflict Perspectives 1. Assumptions of the consensus model- if change occurs it would be because of catastrophic change, and since moral values are widely shared, the delinquents are not part of the
They say that things are not everything is at equilibrium and they don’t questions the basic underlying assumption
2. Assumptions of the conflict model – they focus on the importance of social change and exercise of power by limited # of individual Society is held together by the constrain and consensus Social order is maintained by ruling class Its in the interest of ruling class no to prosecute the white collar crimes We must concentrate on the distribution of crime, labels are selectively applied to certain people Consensus – stability, society is well integrated, all elements have a function, value consensus Conflict- change, those elements contribute to change, consensus is based on coercion
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D. Marxist Theory- German, during his life time you see the emergence of western businesses, he has a dilatical theory -
He viewed history as trouble between economical classes But the consequence of that trouble led to better times – slavery feudalism capitalism He also argued that each has its own source of down fall
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He thought it also contained weakness that would lead to new form of government Bourgoscy – the ruler Prolocariates – they weren’t paid for the labour that they did o Sweat shops in Asia – paid very little to make more profit- make them do as much amount of work o Their labour and talent were sold for very little E. Relevance to Current Research- arose from Maxist 1. Instrumental Marxist- the idea of control experiment, comparing street crimes vs white collar crimes
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Jacob- they looked at # of states in US, the greater the gaps between rich and poor, police would act more fiercely where there is poverty White middle class people are more likely to get police attention if they were victimized then women of minority Criminal justice system decides what case they are going to spend more time better from them
2. Structural Marxist- laws are passes to ensure long term benefit of capitalist -
They would also be interested in charting the violation of criminal law Tony – child saver – looking at the juvenile courts F. Problems with Conflict Theory
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Downs and Rock – important criticism came from feminist – victimization on females are really ignored
II. Developments in Feminist Theory A. Overview -
Second wave of feminism – broke open due to female offenders and female victimization There is no one feminist perspective – because the approaches varies, solution and methodology differ Feminist generally assume that general inequality remains in society and must address it They differ in their views of where this inequality is located and what should we do to fix it
B. Feminist Epistemologies- talks about what is knowledge, main stream criminology is rooted in that science is value of control 1. Feminist empiricism – the most controlled -
They believe that scientific planes can recognize- we must scientifically study women just the way they did for men This approach is instrumental and fills gaps Extensive research was done on sentencing of women offenders using the same method Research was also done in differential treatment of women and who work in criminal justice system They also started to looking at juvenile females Some people questioned the empirical method and There were people who criticized women who looked through this perspective 2. Feminist Standpoint theories – assumes that perceptive of the researcher influences the results
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Don’t do a survey, talk to the women and understand their perspective They reject that we take in the same knowledge and We cant presume that everyone’s experiences are the same, so if you want to understand what’s it like being in a prison, so ask them to give you their perspective get into the mid on people 3. Feminist postmodernism/cultural criticism- they say there are multiple truth that takes context into account
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They question the mid set it self- how do we know what we know, how are our concept and category are form, and how do it influence our world Really emphasize alternative discourses, effects of language,
3rd WAVE OF FEMINISM -
They did research on pathways, gender lives and gender crimes Really argued that you can’t take existing theory like control, differential association and add women and assume that same thing are going on for women They view victimization as gender neural Women have much lower victimization them men, except by the people that they know They are not gender neural activity Miller- looks at how men and women commit armed robbery – not the same, men use physical violence, do it masculine dominance, women rob other women, less likely to be armed, they do it for instrumental reasons rather then
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Bocher – brothers and sisters of individual who are locked up- the girl in the family are assigned to all kind of chores which gives them less opportunity to commit crime Gender ne
C. Theoretical Contributions D. Research Methods -
The biggest difference is that there was a big split btw quantitative and qualitative work- Dowson and Rock Qualitative data- interviews, ethnography, they can give new info that cant be found in qualitative Most researchers now use both REFLEXIVITY – how you can influence, bias that would effect the data o E. Policy and Action
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What did the feminist research do on polices Like unreported rapes and violence The need for bilingual criminal justice system worker In demotic violence there is a split in feminist in how to deal with it o The issue to deal with criminal justice system have they changed – o Aersal – there must be changes in criminal justice system, happened first in Manitoba Real changes occur due to this director, decrease # of cases that were dismissed in court o Sinsur- the criminal justice system have failed to help women Some unintended mandatory arrest, No drop polices were also there Also are you making things worse by not letting women have the choice
Conflict Theory
-
It moves away from the individual view of crime and goes towards political and economical view According to conflict theory capitalist theory o Defines what criminal behaviour is o Create conditions for conduction of crime
-
- this view became popular in 1970 and people started to respond to event that were going on at the time - they borrowed a lot from conflict and Marx A. Overview B. Roots C. Grand Theory: Consensus vs. Conflict Perspectives 1. Assumptions of the consensus model- if change occurs it would be because of catastrophic change, and since moral values are widely shared, the delinquents are not part of the
They say that things are not everything is at equilibrium and they don’t questions the basic underlying assumption
2. Assumptions of the conflict model – they focus on the importance of social change and exercise of power by limited # of individual Society is held together by the constrain and consensus Social order is maintained by ruling class Its in the interest of ruling class no to prosecute the white collar crimes We must concentrate on the distribution of crime, labels are selectively applied to certain people Consensus – stability, society is well integrated, all elements have a function, value consensus Conflict- change, those elements contribute to change, consensus is based on coercion
-
D. Marxist Theory- German, during his life time you see the emergence of western businesses, he has a dilatical theory -
He viewed history as trouble between economical classes But the consequence of that trouble led to better times – slavery feudalism capitalism He also argued that each has its own source of down fall
-
He thought it also contained weakness that would lead to new form of government Bourgoscy – the ruler Prolocariates – they weren’t paid for the labour that they did o Sweat shops in Asia – paid very little to make more profit- make them do as much amount of work o Their labour and talent were sold for very little E. Relevance to Current Research- arose from Maxist 1. Instrumental Marxist- the idea of control experiment, comparing street crimes vs white collar crimes
-
Jacob- they looked at # of states in US, the greater the gaps between rich and poor, police would act more fiercely where there is poverty White middle class people are more likely to get police attention if they were victimized then women of minority Criminal justice system decides what case they are going to spend more time better from them
2. Structural Marxist- laws are passes to ensure long term benefit of capitalist -
They would also be interested in charting the violation of criminal law Tony – child saver – looking at the juvenile courts F. Problems with Conflict Theory
-
Downs and Rock – important criticism came from feminist – victimization on females are really ignored
II. Developments in Feminist Theory A. Overview -
Second wave of feminism – broke open due to female offenders and female victimization There is no one feminist perspective – because the approaches varies, solution and methodology differ Feminist generally assume that general inequality remains in society and must address it They differ in their views of where this inequality is located and what should we do to fix it
B. Feminist Epistemologies- talks about what is knowledge, main stream criminology is rooted in that science is value of control 1. Feminist empiricism – the most controlled -
They believe that scientific planes can recognize- we must scientifically study women just the way they did for men This approach is instrumental and fills gaps Extensive research was done on sentencing of women offenders using the same method Research was also done in differential treatment of women and who work in criminal justice system They also started to looking at juvenile females Some people questioned the empirical method and There were people who criticized women who looked through this perspective 2. Feminist Standpoint theories – assumes that perceptive of the researcher influences the results
-
Don’t do a survey, talk to the women and understand their perspective They reject that we take in the same knowledge and We cant presume that everyone’s experiences are the same, so if you want to understand what’s it like being in a prison, so ask them to give you their perspective get into the mid on people 3. Feminist postmodernism/cultural criticism- they say there are multiple truth that takes context into account
-
They question the mid set it self- how do we know what we know, how are our concept and category are form, and how do it influence our world Really emphasize alternative discourses, effects of language,
3rd WAVE OF FEMINISM -
They did research on pathways, gender lives and gender crimes Really argued that you can’t take existing theory like control, differential association and add women and assume that same thing are going on for women They view victimization as gender neural Women have much lower victimization them men, except by the people that they know They are not gender neural activity Miller- looks at how men and women commit armed robbery – not the same, men use physical violence, do it masculine dominance, women rob other women, less likely to be armed, they do it for instrumental reasons rather then
-
Bocher – brothers and sisters of individual who are locked up- the girl in the family are assigned to all kind of chores which gives them less opportunity to commit crime Gender ne
C. Theoretical Contributions D. Research Methods -
The biggest difference is that there was a big split btw quantitative and qualitative work- Dowson and Rock Qualitative data- interviews, ethnography, they can give new info that cant be found in qualitative Most researchers now use both REFLEXIVITY – how you can influence, bias that would effect the data o E. Policy and Action
-
What did the feminist research do on polices Like unreported rapes and violence The need for bilingual criminal justice system worker In demotic violence there is a split in feminist in how to deal with it o The issue to deal with criminal justice system have they changed – o Aersal – there must be changes in criminal justice system, happened first in Manitoba Real changes occur due to this director, decrease # of cases that were dismissed in court o Sinsur- the criminal justice system have failed to help women Some unintended mandatory arrest, No drop polices were also there Also are you making things worse by not letting women have the choice
