Contributors to Energy Storage
POTENTIAL* CONTRIBUTORS TO OBESITY Inside the Person
Outside the Person Environmental/ Chemical Toxins
Disordered Eating (night eating syndrome, binge eating, “food addiction”)
Hyper-reactivity to Environmental Food Cues Heightened Hunger Response
Emotional Coping
Increased Availability of Energy Dense, Nutrient Poor Foods & Beverages
Delayed Satiety
Larger Portion Sizes
Increased Intake Age Related Changes (i.e. menopause, mobility decline, hormones)
Central & Peripheral Regulators of Appetite & Adipose Tissue Self-regulatory & Coping Deficits Trauma History
Thermogenesis Gut Microbiota
Increased Intake
Maternal Employment
Chronic Inflammation (i.e. altered insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis)
Pathological Sources of Endocrine Dysregulation (i.e. thyroid dysfunction, PCOS, Cushing’s Syndrome)
Intake & Expenditure
(Or Unknown)
Mood Disturbance (i.e. depression, anxiety, bipolar etc.)
Contributors to Energy Storage
Pain Sensitivity
Having Children (for women) Birth by C-section
Intake & Expenditure
Social Anxiety (i.e. exercise avoidance)
Decreased Expenditure
Non-parental Childcare
Infection (i.e. human adenovirus 36)
Low SES & Nutrition Support
Built Environment (i.e. stairwell design/access, building design, absence of or poor sidewalks)
www.obesity.org
Environmental Pressures on Physical Activity
Biological/ Medical
Maternal/ Developmental
Economic
Maternal Obesity
Delayed Prenatal Care
Maternal Over-nutrition During Pregnancy Weight Gain Inducing Drugs
Living in Crime-prone Areas
Increased Sedentary Time (i.e. inactive leisure “screen” time, inactive job requirements)
Contributor/Influencer
Pervasive Food Advertising
Lack of Employer Lack of Health Care Provider Preparedness to Support/Knowledge & Assist with Obesity Inadequate Access to Care
Consistent Temperature (i.e. air conditioning/heating, thermoregulation)
Decreased Expenditure
Food Surplus
Weight Bias & Stigma (i.e. avoidance of medical care, Social Networks self esteem, teasing history)
(Or Unknown) Entering Into a Romantic Relationship
Maternal Smoking
Market Economy
Family Conflict
Westernization & Economic Development
Mental Disabilities
Physical Disabilities (i.e. functional impairments and regulatory dysfunction)
Breast Feeding and/ Maternal or Related Factors Stress
Birth Order (first-born in family)
Genetic & Epigenetic Factors
Gestational Diabetes
Eating as Recreation, Snacking, Special Occasions
Diet Patterns Lack of Nutritional Education Eating Away From Home Skipping Lack of Meals Family Meals Food Insecurity
Smoking Cessation Sleep Deficits Stress Child Maltreatment Weight Cycling (yo-yo dieting)
Decreased Opportunity for Non-exercised Based Physical Activity (i.e. driving vs. walking to work and school, sedentary jobs) Labor Saving Devices
Pre-natal Air Pollution
* Potential contributors indicate anything that has been put forth in the research literature as a question of investigation and is not intended to be a verification of whether or not; or the extent to which, each may or may not contribute.
Food and Beverage Behavior/Environment
Psychological
Social
Outside the Person Environmental/ Chemical Toxins
Disordered Eating (night eating syndrome, binge eating, “food addiction”)
Hyper-reactivity to Environmental Food Cues Heightened Hunger Response
Emotional Coping
Increased Availability of Energy Dense, Nutrient Poor Foods & Beverages
Delayed Satiety
Larger Portion Sizes
Increased Intake Age Related Changes (i.e. menopause, mobility decline, hormones)
Central & Peripheral Regulators of Appetite & Adipose Tissue Self-regulatory & Coping Deficits Trauma History
Thermogenesis Gut Microbiota
Increased Intake
Maternal Employment
Chronic Inflammation (i.e. altered insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis)
Pathological Sources of Endocrine Dysregulation (i.e. thyroid dysfunction, PCOS, Cushing’s Syndrome)
Intake & Expenditure
(Or Unknown)
Mood Disturbance (i.e. depression, anxiety, bipolar etc.)
Contributors to Energy Storage
Pain Sensitivity
Having Children (for women) Birth by C-section
Intake & Expenditure
Social Anxiety (i.e. exercise avoidance)
Decreased Expenditure
Non-parental Childcare
Infection (i.e. human adenovirus 36)
Low SES & Nutrition Support
Built Environment (i.e. stairwell design/access, building design, absence of or poor sidewalks)
www.obesity.org
Environmental Pressures on Physical Activity
Biological/ Medical
Maternal/ Developmental
Economic
Maternal Obesity
Delayed Prenatal Care
Maternal Over-nutrition During Pregnancy Weight Gain Inducing Drugs
Living in Crime-prone Areas
Increased Sedentary Time (i.e. inactive leisure “screen” time, inactive job requirements)
Contributor/Influencer
Pervasive Food Advertising
Lack of Employer Lack of Health Care Provider Preparedness to Support/Knowledge & Assist with Obesity Inadequate Access to Care
Consistent Temperature (i.e. air conditioning/heating, thermoregulation)
Decreased Expenditure
Food Surplus
Weight Bias & Stigma (i.e. avoidance of medical care, Social Networks self esteem, teasing history)
(Or Unknown) Entering Into a Romantic Relationship
Maternal Smoking
Market Economy
Family Conflict
Westernization & Economic Development
Mental Disabilities
Physical Disabilities (i.e. functional impairments and regulatory dysfunction)
Breast Feeding and/ Maternal or Related Factors Stress
Birth Order (first-born in family)
Genetic & Epigenetic Factors
Gestational Diabetes
Eating as Recreation, Snacking, Special Occasions
Diet Patterns Lack of Nutritional Education Eating Away From Home Skipping Lack of Meals Family Meals Food Insecurity
Smoking Cessation Sleep Deficits Stress Child Maltreatment Weight Cycling (yo-yo dieting)
Decreased Opportunity for Non-exercised Based Physical Activity (i.e. driving vs. walking to work and school, sedentary jobs) Labor Saving Devices
Pre-natal Air Pollution
* Potential contributors indicate anything that has been put forth in the research literature as a question of investigation and is not intended to be a verification of whether or not; or the extent to which, each may or may not contribute.
Food and Beverage Behavior/Environment
Psychological
Social
