Corn silage quality and dairy cattle feeding
Corn silage quality and dairy cattle feeding Randy Shaver Dairy Science Department University of Wisconsin - Madison
Whole-Plant Corn Silage Grain ~40-45% of WPDM •Avg. 30% starch in WPDM •Variable grain:stover
80 to 98% starch digestibility •Kernel maturity •Kernel particle size •Endosperm properties •Length of time in silo
Stover= ~55-60% of WPDM Leaves = 15% of DM Stem = 20-25% of DM Cob+Shank+Husk= 20% % of DM
40 to 70% IVNDFD •Lignin/NDF •Hybrid •Maturity
1
NDF Content of Corn Silages DM basis Dairyland 2002-2007 n=13k/yr.
1 Std Dev
Average
1 Std Dev
37%
43%
49%
38%
44%
50%
y One Dairy 2002-2007 n=19k/yr.
Starch Content of Corn Silages DM basis Dairyland 2002-2007 n=13k/yr.
1 Std Dev
Average
1 Std Dev
23%
30%
37%
24%
31%
38%
y One Dairy 2002-2007 n=15k/yr.
2
ivNDFD 48-h ivNDFD in Corn Silages % of NDF
1 Stdev
Average 1 Stdev
Rock River 2003-2007; n=400/yr
51%
56%
61%
56%
61%
66%
49%
58%
67%
Dairyland 2002-2007; n=4500/yr
Marshfield 2002-2007; n=500/yr
3
30-h ivNDFD in Corn Silages % of NDF
1 Stdev
Average 1 Stdev
Rock River 2007; n=800
45%
51%
57%
46%
51%
56%
Dairyland 2007; n=1900
4
Control and bm3 corn silage DM, starch, NDF and IVNDFD from 11 trials published in JDS since 1999 Control
bm3
DM, % of as fed
34 ± 3
33 ± 4
Starch, % of DM
31 ± 3
30 ± 4
NDF, % of DM
42 ± 2
41 ± 2
30-h IVNDFD, % of NDF
46 ± 9
58 ± 8
Least-square means from meta-analysis on data from 11 trials with 17 treatment comparisons published in JDS since 1999
DMI, lb/d Milk, lb/d Fat, % lb/d Protein, % lb/d
Control
bm3
Stats
53 83 3.67 3.0 3.08 2.5
56 87 3.59 3.1 3.07 2.6
Significant Significant Trend Significant NS Significant
5
Responses to bm3 corn silage Oba & Allen, 2000, JDS; MSU
Control
bm3
Control
bm3
Diet Forage
42%
42%
65%
65%
DMI, lb/d
53b
54a
47y
50x
Milk, lb/d
74b
81a
67y
74x
3.67a
3.28b
3.90
3.86
70b
72a
65y
72x
Milk Fat,, % SCM, lb/d
Responses to bm3 corn silage Oba & Allen, 2000, JDS; MSU
13 lbs. less concentrate DM or 8 lbs. less corn DM fed
Control
bm3
Diet Forage
42%
42%
65%
65%
DMI, lb/d
53
54a
47y
50
Milk, lb/d
74
81a
67y
74
3.67
3.28b
3.90
3.86
70
72a
65y
72
Milk Fat, % SCM, lb/d
6
Responses to “leafy” corn silage Trial
DMI
Milk
MN, JDS, MN JDS 1999 WI-Madison, JDS, 2000 Miner, JDS, 2001
NS NS NR
NS NS +3 lb.
WI-River Falls, JDS, 2002 MN, JDS, 2003
+2 lb.
+3 lb.
NS
NS
IL, 2006, JDS
NS
NS
Response to “leafy” corn silage Ballard & co-workers, 2001, JDS; Miner Item
Dual Purpose
bm3
“Leafy”
CS NDF NDF, %
42 32
42 46
42 28
Milk, lb/d
69b
74a
69b
Milkfat,, %
4.2
4.1
4.3
FCM, lb/d
71b
75a
72b
CS IVNDFD, % of NDF
7
Response to a corn silage hybrid with both increased NDF & IVNDFD1 Ivan et al., 2005 Item
LCW
HCW
CS NDF, %
49
53
CS 48-h IVNDFD
58
67
45 31 22
45 33 24
DMI, lb/d
53b
56a
FCM, lb/d2
70b
75a
Diet, % CS % NDF % NDF from CS
140
mid lactation cows fed 55% forage diets
2009 Silage Locations Corn Agronomy Program 85 and earlier Spooner Rice Lake
85-90 Chippewa Falls
Coleman
90-95 Marshfield
Valders
95-100
Galesville
100-105
Fond du Lac
105-110 Arlington
Lancaster
110-115 16 http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu
Lauer © 1994-2009 University of Wisconsin – Agronomy
8
What is an average hybrid? (1995-2008) Trait(s)
Forage yield
GxE N
Normal
Mg
NDF
ha-1
g
NDFD Starch
kg-1
kg-1
g
g
kg-1
Milk2006 kg Mg-1
kg ha-1
2636
17.1
471
600
297
1620
27500
Bmr
124
13.9
483
684
263
1690
23900
Leafy
209
17.5
482
593
275
1600
27900
1.8
NS
18
39
60
2800
LSD(0.05)
17
Lauer © 1994-2009 University of Wisconsin – Agronomy
http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu
Example Relationship between milk per acre and milk per ton of corn hybrids in South Central WI during 2002. 38000
34M95
High yield
CX1020Bt
36000
N48V8
6068Bt RX601RRYG 34B23 T7095 P35D45 DKC6019RRYGCB N51Z7 S6408Bt JC7 DKC5824 LGX52001 56K44 FS4042Bt GS1061 H8250 RX664 CX1080A 33B51 DKC6009 DKC5878YGCB DKC5334RRYGCB HiDF3600 G8779 HC350 24X RX730RRYG LC4531 T7012 G7366 H2387 6406Y HiDF3300 8590IT S9617 DKC4446RRYGCB H6775BtLC7415 B3203 JC8
34000 Milk per Acre (lb/A)
D2660
32000
DKC6411 7625RRBt K8105LFRR
30000
High yield and quality
35R58 8523IT N59Q9
RK668
DKC5073 LG2488 DKC6017
28000
FS4481
T6900 JS5450 LG2499 B3195
26000
DST10419
F407
24000
F657
High quality
F377
22000 3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
Milk per Ton (lb/T)
9
Selecting from the quadrants
Lower left quadrant
Low yield & low quality
Why bother?
Selecting from the quadrants
Upper left quadrant
High yield & below average quality
The dry cow, low-end cow, replacement heifer quadrant
10
Selecting from the quadrants
Upper right quadrant High yield & high quality The high-cow quadrant Fine-tune selection on nutrition needs (i.e NDFD vs. starch) t h) & agronomic i characteristics h t i ti (i.e. Bt)
Selecting from the quadrants
Lower right quadrant High quality & below average yield
How much yield drag can you live with?
11
Evaluate y your corn silage g nutrient composition
Whole-Plant Corn Silage Grain ~40-45% of WPDM
Stover= ~55-60% of WPDM
Proportions of grain & stover highly variable -Assess with starch & NDF contents - Adjust diets accordingly
12
Whole-Plant Corn Silage
Assess with IVNDFD • DMI? • Diet forage content? • Effective fiber?
Whole-Plant Corn Silage
Assess starch digestibility •Adjust diets accordingly
13
Ruminal In situ starch degradability of corn silage over time in storage Newbold et al., JDS, 2006 abstr.
Starch Months in Silo 2
CP
% Degradability 53 39
4
54
36
6
59
34
8
64
43
10
69
47
Visit UW Extension Dairy Cattle Nutrition Website
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/dairynutrition/
14
Whole-Plant Corn Silage Grain ~40-45% of WPDM •Avg. 30% starch in WPDM •Variable grain:stover
80 to 98% starch digestibility •Kernel maturity •Kernel particle size •Endosperm properties •Length of time in silo
Stover= ~55-60% of WPDM Leaves = 15% of DM Stem = 20-25% of DM Cob+Shank+Husk= 20% % of DM
40 to 70% IVNDFD •Lignin/NDF •Hybrid •Maturity
1
NDF Content of Corn Silages DM basis Dairyland 2002-2007 n=13k/yr.
1 Std Dev
Average
1 Std Dev
37%
43%
49%
38%
44%
50%
y One Dairy 2002-2007 n=19k/yr.
Starch Content of Corn Silages DM basis Dairyland 2002-2007 n=13k/yr.
1 Std Dev
Average
1 Std Dev
23%
30%
37%
24%
31%
38%
y One Dairy 2002-2007 n=15k/yr.
2
ivNDFD 48-h ivNDFD in Corn Silages % of NDF
1 Stdev
Average 1 Stdev
Rock River 2003-2007; n=400/yr
51%
56%
61%
56%
61%
66%
49%
58%
67%
Dairyland 2002-2007; n=4500/yr
Marshfield 2002-2007; n=500/yr
3
30-h ivNDFD in Corn Silages % of NDF
1 Stdev
Average 1 Stdev
Rock River 2007; n=800
45%
51%
57%
46%
51%
56%
Dairyland 2007; n=1900
4
Control and bm3 corn silage DM, starch, NDF and IVNDFD from 11 trials published in JDS since 1999 Control
bm3
DM, % of as fed
34 ± 3
33 ± 4
Starch, % of DM
31 ± 3
30 ± 4
NDF, % of DM
42 ± 2
41 ± 2
30-h IVNDFD, % of NDF
46 ± 9
58 ± 8
Least-square means from meta-analysis on data from 11 trials with 17 treatment comparisons published in JDS since 1999
DMI, lb/d Milk, lb/d Fat, % lb/d Protein, % lb/d
Control
bm3
Stats
53 83 3.67 3.0 3.08 2.5
56 87 3.59 3.1 3.07 2.6
Significant Significant Trend Significant NS Significant
5
Responses to bm3 corn silage Oba & Allen, 2000, JDS; MSU
Control
bm3
Control
bm3
Diet Forage
42%
42%
65%
65%
DMI, lb/d
53b
54a
47y
50x
Milk, lb/d
74b
81a
67y
74x
3.67a
3.28b
3.90
3.86
70b
72a
65y
72x
Milk Fat,, % SCM, lb/d
Responses to bm3 corn silage Oba & Allen, 2000, JDS; MSU
13 lbs. less concentrate DM or 8 lbs. less corn DM fed
Control
bm3
Diet Forage
42%
42%
65%
65%
DMI, lb/d
53
54a
47y
50
Milk, lb/d
74
81a
67y
74
3.67
3.28b
3.90
3.86
70
72a
65y
72
Milk Fat, % SCM, lb/d
6
Responses to “leafy” corn silage Trial
DMI
Milk
MN, JDS, MN JDS 1999 WI-Madison, JDS, 2000 Miner, JDS, 2001
NS NS NR
NS NS +3 lb.
WI-River Falls, JDS, 2002 MN, JDS, 2003
+2 lb.
+3 lb.
NS
NS
IL, 2006, JDS
NS
NS
Response to “leafy” corn silage Ballard & co-workers, 2001, JDS; Miner Item
Dual Purpose
bm3
“Leafy”
CS NDF NDF, %
42 32
42 46
42 28
Milk, lb/d
69b
74a
69b
Milkfat,, %
4.2
4.1
4.3
FCM, lb/d
71b
75a
72b
CS IVNDFD, % of NDF
7
Response to a corn silage hybrid with both increased NDF & IVNDFD1 Ivan et al., 2005 Item
LCW
HCW
CS NDF, %
49
53
CS 48-h IVNDFD
58
67
45 31 22
45 33 24
DMI, lb/d
53b
56a
FCM, lb/d2
70b
75a
Diet, % CS % NDF % NDF from CS
140
mid lactation cows fed 55% forage diets
2009 Silage Locations Corn Agronomy Program 85 and earlier Spooner Rice Lake
85-90 Chippewa Falls
Coleman
90-95 Marshfield
Valders
95-100
Galesville
100-105
Fond du Lac
105-110 Arlington
Lancaster
110-115 16 http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu
Lauer © 1994-2009 University of Wisconsin – Agronomy
8
What is an average hybrid? (1995-2008) Trait(s)
Forage yield
GxE N
Normal
Mg
NDF
ha-1
g
NDFD Starch
kg-1
kg-1
g
g
kg-1
Milk2006 kg Mg-1
kg ha-1
2636
17.1
471
600
297
1620
27500
Bmr
124
13.9
483
684
263
1690
23900
Leafy
209
17.5
482
593
275
1600
27900
1.8
NS
18
39
60
2800
LSD(0.05)
17
Lauer © 1994-2009 University of Wisconsin – Agronomy
http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu
Example Relationship between milk per acre and milk per ton of corn hybrids in South Central WI during 2002. 38000
34M95
High yield
CX1020Bt
36000
N48V8
6068Bt RX601RRYG 34B23 T7095 P35D45 DKC6019RRYGCB N51Z7 S6408Bt JC7 DKC5824 LGX52001 56K44 FS4042Bt GS1061 H8250 RX664 CX1080A 33B51 DKC6009 DKC5878YGCB DKC5334RRYGCB HiDF3600 G8779 HC350 24X RX730RRYG LC4531 T7012 G7366 H2387 6406Y HiDF3300 8590IT S9617 DKC4446RRYGCB H6775BtLC7415 B3203 JC8
34000 Milk per Acre (lb/A)
D2660
32000
DKC6411 7625RRBt K8105LFRR
30000
High yield and quality
35R58 8523IT N59Q9
RK668
DKC5073 LG2488 DKC6017
28000
FS4481
T6900 JS5450 LG2499 B3195
26000
DST10419
F407
24000
F657
High quality
F377
22000 3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
Milk per Ton (lb/T)
9
Selecting from the quadrants
Lower left quadrant
Low yield & low quality
Why bother?
Selecting from the quadrants
Upper left quadrant
High yield & below average quality
The dry cow, low-end cow, replacement heifer quadrant
10
Selecting from the quadrants
Upper right quadrant High yield & high quality The high-cow quadrant Fine-tune selection on nutrition needs (i.e NDFD vs. starch) t h) & agronomic i characteristics h t i ti (i.e. Bt)
Selecting from the quadrants
Lower right quadrant High quality & below average yield
How much yield drag can you live with?
11
Evaluate y your corn silage g nutrient composition
Whole-Plant Corn Silage Grain ~40-45% of WPDM
Stover= ~55-60% of WPDM
Proportions of grain & stover highly variable -Assess with starch & NDF contents - Adjust diets accordingly
12
Whole-Plant Corn Silage
Assess with IVNDFD • DMI? • Diet forage content? • Effective fiber?
Whole-Plant Corn Silage
Assess starch digestibility •Adjust diets accordingly
13
Ruminal In situ starch degradability of corn silage over time in storage Newbold et al., JDS, 2006 abstr.
Starch Months in Silo 2
CP
% Degradability 53 39
4
54
36
6
59
34
8
64
43
10
69
47
Visit UW Extension Dairy Cattle Nutrition Website
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/dairynutrition/
14
