Correlating XML Data Streams Using Tree-Edit Distance Embeddings

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Correlating XML Data Streams Using Tree-Edit Distance Embeddings Minos Garofalakis

Amit Kumar

Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies 600 Mountain Avenue Murray Hill, NJ 07974

Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies 600 Mountain Avenue Murray Hill, NJ 07974

[email protected]

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

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G/8;Z T oD]&–p ì;:=@? !" /:)F/*&:!""NI*)‡„ ^'Œ †Aƒ;^-Œ ‡†-‰žÑv„]-‚ „]HŠ8‚w ‚G Š8‚G… 8+_p ìa` p ? A/ H?  &¦[ /*!/*%"' 'T@UVEW-N€G!" H/1,ZRA/ H?  &\[ /*"' ,+/ 6% +'   +-'?6 .P"!" !"2S/ '?Z )˜ !"¥' QNMb$DF" 2 = JG3/*H?Z&6/ !"8'/ +-R )GX B 1[W- b,4B$  /*&Ð!" -C '&:-"NE !"&:" oK A/* !"XBc&¾«M/*H? l 9/ ??Z T !XBM''[ -D J1L [ / "$*)6u!" S % G[W? !"z#  '/ &T¾~P6!" Z'|/* Nz_ 1 H/16#? +-  ),9 W-+A' dX `]e X c !" / k%!/* ?k- !&6/1;)]*Y%$3O!FT  T"3 f:› XM` e X &g%:TrUYR% 8 vV/*+'+' A/ +-N;/ ?S+' H?'+'4*)H ' !"&6/* c 3 '[ -A/ L!"H?- 'H? '87+' !"'  )r/ % 1[W-.w? ' +-!"% ? /* &:!"+R W-+A!"2S- !&6/1R+/*M% K&6/ !"8A/ !"?6/ H?6+' &;%!"?  !"2:/[W-A/ 2 !"26/ ?M&:? !/ .P '"'+G!   GA/*!"  9›Qp 3Hs1žT 3. OUR APPROACH: AN OVERVIEW

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