Country/Economy Profiles - WEF - World Economic Forum
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Nigeria Key indicators, 2010
GDP (PPP) per capita (int’l $), 1985–2010
Population (millions)...............................................158.3 GDP (US$ billions)...................................................216.8 GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,389 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.51
Nigeria
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000 1,500 1,000 500
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Global Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 142)
Stage of development
Score (1–7)
GCI 2011–2012 ...................................................... 127......3.4
Factor driven
Basic requirements (60.0%).............................................139........ 3.2 Institutions...........................................................................111........ 3.3 Infrastructure......................................................................135........ 2.2 Macroeconomic environment .........................................121........ 4.0 Health and primary education.........................................140........ 3.3
280
Transition 1–2
1
GCI 2010–2011 (out of 139)................................................127........ 3.4 GCI 2009–2010 (out of 133)..................................................99........ 3.6
Transition 2–3
2
3
Efficiency driven
Innovation driven
Institutions 7
Innovation
5
Business sophistication
Efficiency enhancers (35.0%)............................................80........ 3.9 Higher education and training.........................................114........ 3.2 Goods market efficiency.....................................................73........ 4.2 Labor market efficiency......................................................70........ 4.4 Financial market development ..........................................86........ 3.9 Technological readiness...................................................106........ 3.1 Market size ...........................................................................34........ 4.6
Infrastructure
6
Macroeconomic environment
4 3 2
Market size
Health and primary education
1
Higher education and training
Technological readiness
Innovation and sophistication factors (5.0%) ................69........ 3.5 Business sophistication .....................................................64........ 4.0 Innovation..............................................................................82........ 3.0
Financial market development
Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency
Nigeria
Factor-driven economies
The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing.............................................................22.2 Inadequate supply of infrastructure.................................19.9 Corruption..............................................................................17.7 Policy instability .....................................................................8.3 Crime and theft.......................................................................5.8 Inflation....................................................................................5.3 Tax rates ..................................................................................3.4 Foreign currency regulations ..............................................3.3 Inefficient government bureaucracy..................................3.2 Government instability/coups..............................................3.0 Tax regulations .......................................................................2.8 Restrictive labor regulations................................................1.9 Poor public health..................................................................1.4 Poor work ethic in national labor force.............................1.2 Inadequately educated workforce .....................................0.5 0
5
10 15 Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 © 2011 World Economic Forum
30
The Global Competitiveness Index in detail INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
1st pillar: Institutions
VALUE RANK/142
6th pillar: Goods market efficiency
1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21
Property rights....................................................... 3.2 .......... 122 Intellectual property protection ............................. 2.8 .......... 104 Diversion of public funds ...................................... 2.2 .......... 129 Public trust of politicians ........................................1.9 .......... 120 Irregular payments and bribes .............................. 2.9 .......... 123 Judicial independence........................................... 3.7 ............73 Favoritism in decisions of government officials .... 2.6 .......... 106 Wastefulness of government spending ................ 2.3 .......... 122 Burden of government regulation ......................... 3.6 ............36 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes 3.9 ............55 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs. 3.8 ............58 Transparency of government policymaking........... 4.0 ............88 Business costs of terrorism .................................. 4.3 .......... 128 Business costs of crime and violence .................. 3.4 .......... 123 Organized crime .................................................... 4.0 .......... 121 Reliability of police services.................................. 3.0 .......... 122 Ethical behavior of firms ....................................... 3.5 ............96 Strength of auditing and reporting standards ....... 3.7 .......... 126 Efficacy of corporate boards ................................. 4.3 ............89 Protection of minority shareholders’ interests...... 3.7 .......... 108 Strength of investor protection, 0–10 (best)* ....... 5.7 ............47
2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09
Quality of overall infrastructure ............................. 3.0 .......... 125 Quality of roads..................................................... 2.7 .......... 120 Quality of railroad infrastructure.............................1.6 .......... 104 Quality of port infrastructure................................. 3.3 ...........117 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................... 3.9 .......... 104 Available airline seat kms/week, millions* ........ 282.8 ............51 Quality of electricity supply....................................1.5 .......... 139 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* ........................... 0.7 .......... 134 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* ......... 55.1 .......... 122
3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06
Government budget balance, % GDP*.................-7.2 .......... 121 Gross national savings, % GDP* .........................31.1 ............27 Inflation, annual % change*................................ 13.7 .......... 140 Interest rate spread, %* ...................................... 11.1 .......... 120 General government debt, % GDP* ................... 16.4 ............18 Country credit rating, 0–100 (best)* ................... 38.2 ............82
4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10
Business impact of malaria ................................... 2.7 .......... 134 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.* ....................... 39,736.4 .......... 135 Business impact of tuberculosis ........................... 4.0 .......... 123 Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* .............. 295.0 .......... 123 Business impact of HIV/AIDS ............................... 3.8 .......... 121 HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* ............................. 3.6 .......... 129 Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births*........... 85.8 .......... 134 Life expectancy, years*....................................... 48.1 .......... 136 Quality of primary education................................. 3.1 .......... 105 Primary education enrollment, net %* ................61.4 .......... 138
5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08
Secondary education enrollment, gross %*....... 30.5 .......... 128 Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* ............ 10.1 .......... 108 Quality of the educational system ........................ 3.8 ............65 Quality of math and science education ................ 3.4 .......... 102 Quality of management schools ........................... 4.0 ............80 Internet access in schools..................................... 3.3 .......... 104 Availability of research and training services ........ 4.1 ............64 Extent of staff training .......................................... 4.1 ............58
2nd pillar: Infrastructure
3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment
4th pillar: Health and primary education
5th pillar: Higher education and training
6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16
Intensity of local competition................................ 4.8 ............73 Extent of market dominance................................. 4.1 ............45 Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy................... 4.3 ............54 Extent and effect of taxation................................. 4.0 ............30 Total tax rate, % profits*..................................... 32.2 ............43 No. procedures to start a business*........................ 8 ............78 No. days to start a business* ................................ 31 .......... 100 Agricultural policy costs ........................................ 3.5 .......... 104 Prevalence of trade barriers .................................. 3.8 .......... 126 Trade tariffs, % duty*........................................... 11.1 ...........117 Prevalence of foreign ownership........................... 4.7 ............71 Business impact of rules on FDI........................... 4.6 ............77 Burden of customs procedures ............................ 3.5 .......... 109 Imports as a percentage of GDP* ...................... 29.6 .......... 114 Degree of customer orientation............................ 4.5 ............ 76 Buyer sophistication.............................................. 3.4 ............ 76
7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09
Cooperation in labor-employer relations................ 4.0 ............95 Flexibility of wage determination .......................... 5.4 ............42 Rigidity of employment index, 0–100 (worst)* ......7.0 ............10 Hiring and firing practices ..................................... 5.2 ..............7 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* .................... 50 ............88 Pay and productivity .............................................. 3.8 ............78 Reliance on professional management ................. 4.3 ............66 Brain drain ............................................................. 3.5 ............55 Women in labor force, ratio to men*.................. 0.53 .......... 123
8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08
Availability of financial services............................. 4.1 ............93 Affordability of financial services .......................... 4.0 ............75 Financing through local equity market .................. 3.9 ............49 Ease of access to loans ........................................ 2.1 .......... 125 Venture capital availability ..................................... 2.2 .......... 104 Soundness of banks.............................................. 3.7 .......... 136 Regulation of securities exchanges....................... 4.0 ............81 Legal rights index, 0–10 (best)* ............................ 8.0 ............20
9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06
Availability of latest technologies .......................... 4.4 .......... 107 Firm-level technology absorption .......................... 4.7 ............79 FDI and technology transfer.................................. 4.3 ............91 Internet users/100 pop.*..................................... 28.4 ............83 Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* ........ 0.1 .......... 124 Internet bandwidth, kb/s/capita*........................... 0.0 .......... 135
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Nigeria
7th pillar: Labor market efficiency
8th pillar: Financial market development
9th pillar: Technological readiness
10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1–7 (best)*.............. 4.4 ............30 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1–7 (best)* ................. 5.0 ............39
11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09
Local supplier quantity .......................................... 4.9 ............54 Local supplier quality............................................. 4.1 ............88 State of cluster development................................ 4.3 ............30 Nature of competitive advantage .......................... 3.4 ............65 Value chain breadth ............................................... 3.7 ............57 Control of international distribution....................... 4.1 ............65 Production process sophistication ........................ 3.4 ............80 Extent of marketing............................................... 3.6 ............96 Willingness to delegate authority ......................... 3.9 ............47
12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07
Capacity for innovation.......................................... 3.2 ............54 Quality of scientific research institutions .............. 3.2 ............92 Company spending on R&D.................................. 3.3 ............46 University-industry collaboration in R&D............... 3.1 .......... 108 Gov’t procurement of advanced tech products..... 3.2 .......... 105 Availability of scientists and engineers ................. 4.1 ............71 Utility patents granted/million pop.* ..................... 0.0 ............90
12th pillar: Innovation
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles” on page 89.
The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 © 2011 World Economic Forum
281
Nigeria Key indicators, 2010
GDP (PPP) per capita (int’l $), 1985–2010
Population (millions)...............................................158.3 GDP (US$ billions)...................................................216.8 GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,389 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.51
Nigeria
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000 1,500 1,000 500
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Global Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 142)
Stage of development
Score (1–7)
GCI 2011–2012 ...................................................... 127......3.4
Factor driven
Basic requirements (60.0%).............................................139........ 3.2 Institutions...........................................................................111........ 3.3 Infrastructure......................................................................135........ 2.2 Macroeconomic environment .........................................121........ 4.0 Health and primary education.........................................140........ 3.3
280
Transition 1–2
1
GCI 2010–2011 (out of 139)................................................127........ 3.4 GCI 2009–2010 (out of 133)..................................................99........ 3.6
Transition 2–3
2
3
Efficiency driven
Innovation driven
Institutions 7
Innovation
5
Business sophistication
Efficiency enhancers (35.0%)............................................80........ 3.9 Higher education and training.........................................114........ 3.2 Goods market efficiency.....................................................73........ 4.2 Labor market efficiency......................................................70........ 4.4 Financial market development ..........................................86........ 3.9 Technological readiness...................................................106........ 3.1 Market size ...........................................................................34........ 4.6
Infrastructure
6
Macroeconomic environment
4 3 2
Market size
Health and primary education
1
Higher education and training
Technological readiness
Innovation and sophistication factors (5.0%) ................69........ 3.5 Business sophistication .....................................................64........ 4.0 Innovation..............................................................................82........ 3.0
Financial market development
Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency
Nigeria
Factor-driven economies
The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing.............................................................22.2 Inadequate supply of infrastructure.................................19.9 Corruption..............................................................................17.7 Policy instability .....................................................................8.3 Crime and theft.......................................................................5.8 Inflation....................................................................................5.3 Tax rates ..................................................................................3.4 Foreign currency regulations ..............................................3.3 Inefficient government bureaucracy..................................3.2 Government instability/coups..............................................3.0 Tax regulations .......................................................................2.8 Restrictive labor regulations................................................1.9 Poor public health..................................................................1.4 Poor work ethic in national labor force.............................1.2 Inadequately educated workforce .....................................0.5 0
5
10 15 Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 © 2011 World Economic Forum
30
The Global Competitiveness Index in detail INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
1st pillar: Institutions
VALUE RANK/142
6th pillar: Goods market efficiency
1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21
Property rights....................................................... 3.2 .......... 122 Intellectual property protection ............................. 2.8 .......... 104 Diversion of public funds ...................................... 2.2 .......... 129 Public trust of politicians ........................................1.9 .......... 120 Irregular payments and bribes .............................. 2.9 .......... 123 Judicial independence........................................... 3.7 ............73 Favoritism in decisions of government officials .... 2.6 .......... 106 Wastefulness of government spending ................ 2.3 .......... 122 Burden of government regulation ......................... 3.6 ............36 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes 3.9 ............55 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs. 3.8 ............58 Transparency of government policymaking........... 4.0 ............88 Business costs of terrorism .................................. 4.3 .......... 128 Business costs of crime and violence .................. 3.4 .......... 123 Organized crime .................................................... 4.0 .......... 121 Reliability of police services.................................. 3.0 .......... 122 Ethical behavior of firms ....................................... 3.5 ............96 Strength of auditing and reporting standards ....... 3.7 .......... 126 Efficacy of corporate boards ................................. 4.3 ............89 Protection of minority shareholders’ interests...... 3.7 .......... 108 Strength of investor protection, 0–10 (best)* ....... 5.7 ............47
2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09
Quality of overall infrastructure ............................. 3.0 .......... 125 Quality of roads..................................................... 2.7 .......... 120 Quality of railroad infrastructure.............................1.6 .......... 104 Quality of port infrastructure................................. 3.3 ...........117 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................... 3.9 .......... 104 Available airline seat kms/week, millions* ........ 282.8 ............51 Quality of electricity supply....................................1.5 .......... 139 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* ........................... 0.7 .......... 134 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* ......... 55.1 .......... 122
3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06
Government budget balance, % GDP*.................-7.2 .......... 121 Gross national savings, % GDP* .........................31.1 ............27 Inflation, annual % change*................................ 13.7 .......... 140 Interest rate spread, %* ...................................... 11.1 .......... 120 General government debt, % GDP* ................... 16.4 ............18 Country credit rating, 0–100 (best)* ................... 38.2 ............82
4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10
Business impact of malaria ................................... 2.7 .......... 134 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.* ....................... 39,736.4 .......... 135 Business impact of tuberculosis ........................... 4.0 .......... 123 Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* .............. 295.0 .......... 123 Business impact of HIV/AIDS ............................... 3.8 .......... 121 HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* ............................. 3.6 .......... 129 Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births*........... 85.8 .......... 134 Life expectancy, years*....................................... 48.1 .......... 136 Quality of primary education................................. 3.1 .......... 105 Primary education enrollment, net %* ................61.4 .......... 138
5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08
Secondary education enrollment, gross %*....... 30.5 .......... 128 Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* ............ 10.1 .......... 108 Quality of the educational system ........................ 3.8 ............65 Quality of math and science education ................ 3.4 .......... 102 Quality of management schools ........................... 4.0 ............80 Internet access in schools..................................... 3.3 .......... 104 Availability of research and training services ........ 4.1 ............64 Extent of staff training .......................................... 4.1 ............58
2nd pillar: Infrastructure
3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment
4th pillar: Health and primary education
5th pillar: Higher education and training
6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16
Intensity of local competition................................ 4.8 ............73 Extent of market dominance................................. 4.1 ............45 Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy................... 4.3 ............54 Extent and effect of taxation................................. 4.0 ............30 Total tax rate, % profits*..................................... 32.2 ............43 No. procedures to start a business*........................ 8 ............78 No. days to start a business* ................................ 31 .......... 100 Agricultural policy costs ........................................ 3.5 .......... 104 Prevalence of trade barriers .................................. 3.8 .......... 126 Trade tariffs, % duty*........................................... 11.1 ...........117 Prevalence of foreign ownership........................... 4.7 ............71 Business impact of rules on FDI........................... 4.6 ............77 Burden of customs procedures ............................ 3.5 .......... 109 Imports as a percentage of GDP* ...................... 29.6 .......... 114 Degree of customer orientation............................ 4.5 ............ 76 Buyer sophistication.............................................. 3.4 ............ 76
7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09
Cooperation in labor-employer relations................ 4.0 ............95 Flexibility of wage determination .......................... 5.4 ............42 Rigidity of employment index, 0–100 (worst)* ......7.0 ............10 Hiring and firing practices ..................................... 5.2 ..............7 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* .................... 50 ............88 Pay and productivity .............................................. 3.8 ............78 Reliance on professional management ................. 4.3 ............66 Brain drain ............................................................. 3.5 ............55 Women in labor force, ratio to men*.................. 0.53 .......... 123
8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08
Availability of financial services............................. 4.1 ............93 Affordability of financial services .......................... 4.0 ............75 Financing through local equity market .................. 3.9 ............49 Ease of access to loans ........................................ 2.1 .......... 125 Venture capital availability ..................................... 2.2 .......... 104 Soundness of banks.............................................. 3.7 .......... 136 Regulation of securities exchanges....................... 4.0 ............81 Legal rights index, 0–10 (best)* ............................ 8.0 ............20
9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06
Availability of latest technologies .......................... 4.4 .......... 107 Firm-level technology absorption .......................... 4.7 ............79 FDI and technology transfer.................................. 4.3 ............91 Internet users/100 pop.*..................................... 28.4 ............83 Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* ........ 0.1 .......... 124 Internet bandwidth, kb/s/capita*........................... 0.0 .......... 135
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Nigeria
7th pillar: Labor market efficiency
8th pillar: Financial market development
9th pillar: Technological readiness
10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1–7 (best)*.............. 4.4 ............30 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1–7 (best)* ................. 5.0 ............39
11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09
Local supplier quantity .......................................... 4.9 ............54 Local supplier quality............................................. 4.1 ............88 State of cluster development................................ 4.3 ............30 Nature of competitive advantage .......................... 3.4 ............65 Value chain breadth ............................................... 3.7 ............57 Control of international distribution....................... 4.1 ............65 Production process sophistication ........................ 3.4 ............80 Extent of marketing............................................... 3.6 ............96 Willingness to delegate authority ......................... 3.9 ............47
12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07
Capacity for innovation.......................................... 3.2 ............54 Quality of scientific research institutions .............. 3.2 ............92 Company spending on R&D.................................. 3.3 ............46 University-industry collaboration in R&D............... 3.1 .......... 108 Gov’t procurement of advanced tech products..... 3.2 .......... 105 Availability of scientists and engineers ................. 4.1 ............71 Utility patents granted/million pop.* ..................... 0.0 ............90
12th pillar: Innovation
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles” on page 89.
The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 © 2011 World Economic Forum
281
