Dc Readers
Supplementary Study material for classroom program
Dc Readers
38
Classes by Dipin Damodaran and Chandan Mittal
11. INDIAN OCEAN ZONE OF PEACE & ISSUES RELATED TO HRAs 1 Introduction - “If the Indian Ocean has to contribute to the prosperity of different nations, it is necessary that it remains a zone of peace” - NSA Ajit Doval at ‘Galle Dialogue’, held in Sri Lanka (Galle Dialogue is the International Maritime Conference organized by the Sri Lanka) - India demanded to revisit, the 1971 UNGA resolution, on the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace
2. What is the concept of IOZOP? - It is a call for the great powers not to expand the military presence in India Ocean 3. What are the reasons behind India’s demand? - The major reason is to prevent China from holding a sway in indian Ocean. This include - China’s assertive actions like docking submarines in Srilanka and Pakistan - China’s String of Pearls - India’s demand was intended to persuade the littoral states to come together and keep China out of the IOR. - Other reason is that India don’t want proxy wars in Indian Ocean 4. Original Demand - The resolution was mooted by Sri Lanka - To prevent great power rivalry in the Indian Ocean - During Cairo conference( 1964) NAM countries expressed concern over the efforts of the imperial countries to establish bases in Indian ocean -- The proposal was because of the raging cold war at that time 5. UNGA resolution - According to resolution zone of peace does not mean there was absence of war or state of peace and tranquillity but it was specifically about the great powers: - halting and eliminating all bases - military installations and logistical facilities - disposition of nuclear weapons and WMDs - It also envisaged universal collective security in the region without military alliances - Ships would have the right to unimpeded use of the zone except war ships 6. Aftermath of UN Resolution - The concept divided P5 and the countries around Indian Ocean - P5 except China did not support the original resolution - They raised the feasibility of the elimination of foreign military presence
#8860211234. #100, opposite subway, Old Rajendra Nagar Market, New Delhi
Supplementary Study material for classroom program
Dc Readers
39
Classes by Dipin Damodaran and Chandan Mittal
7. Regional Interpretations of the original resolution India - India did not object to the movement of warships as long as they did not threaten the regional states - Implicitly permitted Soviet Union’s presence Srilanka - Apprehensions about increasing strength of India - Supported American Presence as a stabilizing agent Pakistan - Apprehensive of Indian nuclear tests in 1974 - demanded denulearization and a ‘ Nuclear Weapon Freezone in South Asia’ Australia - Apprehensive about the growth of Indian navy - Opposed India’s nuclear tests China’s stance - gave tactical support to zone - its focus that time was not on presence in Indian ocean 8. End of Cold war and shift in focus of India -India’s stance changed to elimination of foreign military presence to one of cooperation between major powers -India’s joint exercise in the ocean with multiple partners legitimised the presence of various navies 9. Present scenario- an Analysis A) Increasing dominance of China - String of Pearls and Maritime Silk Route B) Rivalry that taking shape in the region is between the US and its allies and China C) The demand for IOZOP may even interpreted as a move to counter US as a foreign presence D) It is detrimental to India’s own power projections in Indian Ocean E) The idea is outdated as cold war and great power rivalry are non existent F) Now China will campaign against the concept G) It is highly unlikely – especially against the backdrop of Beijing’s proposal for a Maritime Silk Road, which has received enthusiastic backing from the Maldives and Sri Lanka – that other Indian Ocean states would be keen on a “ban” on Chinese naval activity in the region H) once a Zone of Peace is declared, Pakistan might revive its proposal for a denuclearized Indian Ocean I) It will be against US geo strategy - Rebalancing Asia J) Threats from non state actors rather than from major powers K) Challenges of non-traditional threats such as piracy, drug smuggling and human trafficking.
#8860211234. #100, opposite subway, Old Rajendra Nagar Market, New Delhi
Dc Readers
38
Classes by Dipin Damodaran and Chandan Mittal
11. INDIAN OCEAN ZONE OF PEACE & ISSUES RELATED TO HRAs 1 Introduction - “If the Indian Ocean has to contribute to the prosperity of different nations, it is necessary that it remains a zone of peace” - NSA Ajit Doval at ‘Galle Dialogue’, held in Sri Lanka (Galle Dialogue is the International Maritime Conference organized by the Sri Lanka) - India demanded to revisit, the 1971 UNGA resolution, on the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace
2. What is the concept of IOZOP? - It is a call for the great powers not to expand the military presence in India Ocean 3. What are the reasons behind India’s demand? - The major reason is to prevent China from holding a sway in indian Ocean. This include - China’s assertive actions like docking submarines in Srilanka and Pakistan - China’s String of Pearls - India’s demand was intended to persuade the littoral states to come together and keep China out of the IOR. - Other reason is that India don’t want proxy wars in Indian Ocean 4. Original Demand - The resolution was mooted by Sri Lanka - To prevent great power rivalry in the Indian Ocean - During Cairo conference( 1964) NAM countries expressed concern over the efforts of the imperial countries to establish bases in Indian ocean -- The proposal was because of the raging cold war at that time 5. UNGA resolution - According to resolution zone of peace does not mean there was absence of war or state of peace and tranquillity but it was specifically about the great powers: - halting and eliminating all bases - military installations and logistical facilities - disposition of nuclear weapons and WMDs - It also envisaged universal collective security in the region without military alliances - Ships would have the right to unimpeded use of the zone except war ships 6. Aftermath of UN Resolution - The concept divided P5 and the countries around Indian Ocean - P5 except China did not support the original resolution - They raised the feasibility of the elimination of foreign military presence
#8860211234. #100, opposite subway, Old Rajendra Nagar Market, New Delhi
Supplementary Study material for classroom program
Dc Readers
39
Classes by Dipin Damodaran and Chandan Mittal
7. Regional Interpretations of the original resolution India - India did not object to the movement of warships as long as they did not threaten the regional states - Implicitly permitted Soviet Union’s presence Srilanka - Apprehensions about increasing strength of India - Supported American Presence as a stabilizing agent Pakistan - Apprehensive of Indian nuclear tests in 1974 - demanded denulearization and a ‘ Nuclear Weapon Freezone in South Asia’ Australia - Apprehensive about the growth of Indian navy - Opposed India’s nuclear tests China’s stance - gave tactical support to zone - its focus that time was not on presence in Indian ocean 8. End of Cold war and shift in focus of India -India’s stance changed to elimination of foreign military presence to one of cooperation between major powers -India’s joint exercise in the ocean with multiple partners legitimised the presence of various navies 9. Present scenario- an Analysis A) Increasing dominance of China - String of Pearls and Maritime Silk Route B) Rivalry that taking shape in the region is between the US and its allies and China C) The demand for IOZOP may even interpreted as a move to counter US as a foreign presence D) It is detrimental to India’s own power projections in Indian Ocean E) The idea is outdated as cold war and great power rivalry are non existent F) Now China will campaign against the concept G) It is highly unlikely – especially against the backdrop of Beijing’s proposal for a Maritime Silk Road, which has received enthusiastic backing from the Maldives and Sri Lanka – that other Indian Ocean states would be keen on a “ban” on Chinese naval activity in the region H) once a Zone of Peace is declared, Pakistan might revive its proposal for a denuclearized Indian Ocean I) It will be against US geo strategy - Rebalancing Asia J) Threats from non state actors rather than from major powers K) Challenges of non-traditional threats such as piracy, drug smuggling and human trafficking.
#8860211234. #100, opposite subway, Old Rajendra Nagar Market, New Delhi
