DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP SQUARE PATCH ...
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY ADVANCED RESEARCH TRENDS ISSN : 2349-7408 VOLUME IV, ISSUE 1(1) JANUARY, 2017
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP SQUARE PATCH ANTENNA AT 2.4Ghz FREQUENCY M. KISHORE KUMAR Associate Professor Department of ECE, Sri Vasavi Engineering College JNT University Kakinada Andhra Pradesh, India
P. PRASANTH SAI Student of Department of ECE, Sri Vasavi Engineering College JNT University Kakinada Andhra Pradesh, India
JYOTHI PUSHPA Student of Department of ECE, Sri Vasavi Engineering College JNT University Kakinada Andhra pradesh, India
ABSTRACT In this paper, design of single, slitted and array square shaped patch antenna at 2.4GHz for wireless applications are presented. This paper demonstrate the analysis of various shapes of micro strip square patch antennas for wireless and mobile applications. The proposed design is well utilized in future mini and small satellites also.The advantage of Square patch is that it can be easily fabricated and simplicity in modeling as well as impedance matching. These antennas are designed and simulated by using HFSS simulation software.In this design consider RT Duroid (ℇr=2.2) as a substrate. Finally compare the antenna parameters such as Return losses, Gain, Radiation Pattern, VSWR. Keywords – Square patch antenna, Slitted antenna, square patch antenna array, RT Duroid, operating frequency is 2.4GHz
I. INTRODUCTION Micro strip patch antenna is very popular in wireless application and satellites because of ease in fabrication, planar design, mechanical reliability and mass production. The advantages of micro strip antennas are that they are low-cost, conformable, lightweight and low profile, while both linear and circular polarization can be achieved. The low profile, light weight and printed antennas are most suitable for satellite[1] and mobile applications. The conducting patch can take any shape, but rectangular configuration is the most commonly used configurations. Limitations for micro strip antenna suffer from a number of disadvantages as compared to conventional antennas. They are low bandwidth, low efficiency and lowgain antennas with low power handling capacity. In this paper, design a square shaped patch antenna arrays is presented. Specifically, four element micro strip patch antenna array shape is designed. Moreover, this design is simulated using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulation) software. Based on simulation results, comparison for different shapes of patch antenna parameters are achieved.
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II. INDENTATIONS AND EQUATIONS The Mobile Communication Systems uses the frequency range from 2100-5600 MHz Hence the antenna designed must be able to operate in this frequency range. The operating frequency selected for my design is 2.4 GHz. The dielectric material selected for our design is RT Duroid which has a dielectric constant of 2.2. A substrate with a low dielectric constant has been selected since it increases the gain parameter. The height of the dielectric substrate is selected as 1.5 mm. The operating frequency of micro-strip antenna and the size of the radiation patch can be similar to the following formulas. The proposed design is very much useful in small, and mini satellites Calculation of the Width (W): 𝑪
W=
ℇ𝐫+ 𝟏 𝟐
𝟐𝒇𝐨√
Where, c is the free space velocity of light Calculation of Effective dielectric constant (reff): reff =
ℇ𝒓 +𝟏 𝟐
ℇ𝒓 −𝟏 𝟐
+
𝒉 𝟏
[𝟏 + 𝟏𝟐 𝒘]𝟐
Where ℇreff = Effective dielectric constant ℇr = Dielectric constant substrate H = Height of dielectric substrate W = width of the patch Calculation of actual length of patch (L): L = Leff - 2L ΔL is the extended length.
Calculation of the ground plane dimensions (Lg and Wg): Lg = 6h+ L Wg = 6h+ W III. Figures and tables 3.1 Square patch antenna design The antenna is designed for the resonance frequency of 2.4GHz. There are 4 micro strip patch antennas connected with coaxial probe feed in the form of array. Fig 3.1shows the geometry of conventional rectangular micro strip antenna. The designed antenna mainly contains Substrate ,Micro Strip Patch antenna, Ground Plane, Air Box and Virtual Radiation Box. The coordinate axis is taken at the center of the patch or substrate.
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Fig3.1: The geometry of the proposed square shaped micro strip patch antenna The simulation results of square patch antenna design are shown in below figures 3.1.1 3D Gain Total The following fig 3.1.1 Shows the Total Gain of antenna array in 3D for Rogers RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 7.3931dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.1.1 3D Gain Total for Rogers RT/duriod 5880 3.1.2 Gain Total: The following fig 3.3 Shows the Total Gain of antenna array in 2D for Rogers RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 7.3931dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.1.2:Gain Total for Rogers RT/duriod 5880 141
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3.1.3 VSWR: The followoing Fig 3.1.3 shows the VSWR of an square antenna for Rogers RT/duriod Material and the value of VSWR is given by 2.43dB.
Fig 3.1.3: VSWR in dB for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.1 4. Directivity The following fig 3.1 4 shows the directivity of the square antenna of RogersRT/duriod material is given by 7.5252dB.
Fig 3.1 4: Directivty for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.1. 5 Radiation Pattern Fig 3.1. 5 shows the radiation pattern for gain for Rogers RT/duriod substrate for Phi=00 and Phi=900 is 7.3931 dB.
Fig3.1. 5: Radiation pattern for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.1.6 Return loss Fig 3.7 shows the variation of return loss versus frequency. Plot Rogers RT/duriod resonates at 2.4GHz which achieves a return loss -17.119dB.
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Fig 3.1.6: Return loss for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.2 Slitted Square Patch Antenna: The equal slits at the edge of the square patch antenna is designed for the resonance frequency of 2.4GHz with probe feeding technique. the Fig 3.2.shows the geometry of equal slitted square micro strip antenna.The designed antenna mainly contains Substrate,MicroStrip Patch antenna, Ground Plane, Air Box and Virtual Radiation Box. The coordinate axis is taken at the center of the patch or substrate.
Fig 3.2: Shows the geometry of the proposed equal slitted square shape micro strip patch antenna The equally edge slitted square patch antenna simulation results are as follows 3.2.1: 3D Gain Total The following fig 3.2.1 Shows the Total Gain of slittted antenna in 3D for Rogers RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 7.42dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.2.1: 3D Gain Total for Rogers RT/Duriod 5880 3.2.2 Gain Total:
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The following fig 3.2.2 Shows the Total Gain of antenna array in 2D for Rogers RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 7.42dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.2.2: Gain total for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.2.3 VSWR in dB: The followoing Fig 3.2.3 shows the VSWR of an slitted square antenna for Rogers RT/duriod Material and the value of VSWR is given by4.30dB.
Fig 3.2.3: VSWR in dB for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.2.4 Directivity The following fig 3.2.4 shows the directivity of RogersRT/Duriod material for Phi=00 and Phi=900 is given by 7.5548dB.
Fig 3.2.4 : Directivty for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.2.5 Radiation Pattern Fig 3.2.5 shows the gain of Rogers RT/Duriod substrate Phi=00 and Phi=900 is 7.42dB.
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Fig 3.2.5: Radiation pattern for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.2.6 Return loss Fig 3.2. 6 shows the variation of return loss versus frequency. Plot Rogers RT/duriod resonates at 2.4GHz which achieves a return loss -12.296dB.
Fig 3.2. 6 : Return loss for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.3 Four element square patch array antenna design The antenna is designed for the resonance frequency of 2.4GHz.There are 4 square micro strip patch antennas connected with coaxial probe feed in the form of array .Fig 3.3 shows the geometry of conventional rectangular micro strip antenna. The designed antenna mainly contains Substrate, Micro strip patch antenna,Ground Plane and Radiation Box. The coordinate axis is taken at the center of the patch or substrate.
Fig 3.3: Shows the geometry of the proposed four element square micro strip antenna in HFSS Four element square patch array antenna design simulations results are as follows
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3.3.1 Gain Total The following fig 3.3.1 Shows the Total Gain of antenna array for Rogers RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 9.22dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.3.1 : 2D Gain Total for Rogers RT/duriod 5880. 3.3.2: 3D Gain : The following fig3.3.2 Shows the Total Gain of slittted antenna in 3D for Rogers RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 9.22dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900
Fig 3.3.2:3D Gain for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.3.3 VSWR in dB The followoing Fig 3.3.3 shows the VSWR of an Antenna array for Rogers RT/duriod Material and the value of VSWR is given by21.677dB.
Fig3.3.3: VSWR in db for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.3.4 Directivity The following fig3.3.4 Shows the directivity of the antenna array of Rogers RT/duriod material Phi=00 and Phi=900 is given by 9.884dB.
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Fig 3.3.4 : Directivty for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.3.5 Radiation Pattern The following Fig 3.3.5 Shows the Radiation Pattern of Antenna for RT Duroid material and the value of Gain is given by 9.22dB.
Fig3.3.5: Radiation pattern for RT Duroid 3.3.6 Return loss Fig 3.3.6 shows the variation of return loss versus frequency. Plot Rogers RT/duriod resonates at 2.25GHz which achieves a return loss -1.4361dB.
Fig3.3.6: Return losses for RT Duroid All the above figures represents the simulation results of various designs and these simulation results are given in below table
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Table: 3.1 Comparison of square patch, equal slitted patch and 4-Element square patch Antenna Array results
The gain of slitted square patch antenna is slightly larger than the single square patch but more gain in four element array design similarly the directivity also. The disadvantage is in return loss These types of antennas especially used in small satellite applications[1]. IV. Conclusion Thus, a square micro strip patch antenna array using Rogers RT Duroid has been designed, simulated, optimized and analyzed using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) software version 13. The results showing that the antenna can be operated at 2.4 GHz frequency for Rogers RT Duroid substrate. The result of square array has an improvement when compared to the square and slitted micro strip patch antennas and radiation pattern is also being improved to a large extent using patch antenna characteristics. This array especially used for linear polarization, all S-band application, military and other communication applications. V. Future Scope 1. The square micro strip patch antenna array was successfully implemented. There are little advancement that can be made as per current requirements and further implementation is also possible by using different dielectric constants and different shapes. 2. The antenna design was completed by using probe feed method. This can be further improved by using other methods of feeding also. 3. With this improvement micro strip patch antennas can be used in various other applications. This will be very useful in other areas of communication like global position services. Since micro strip patch antennas can provide dual and circular polarizations, dual-frequency operation, frequency agility, broad bandwidth, feed line flexibility, beam scanning Omni directional patterning. 4. The proposed design can be further developed in order to enable tracking system and other advanced application.
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References 1. N.MohamedSabidhaBanu,Dr.M.RamkumarPrabhu&U.T.Sasikala“Design a Square Microstrip Patch Antenna for S-Band Application”, “ IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE),Volume 10, Issue 2, Ver. IV (Mar - Apr.2015), PP 24-30 . 2. V. R. Anitha, S. Narayana Reddy,“Design of an 8×1 square microstrip patch antenna array”, International Journal of Electronic Engineering Research, Vol. 1. No. 1, 2009, pp.71-77. 3. K. Phaninder Vinay, G.V.Naveen Kumar, K.Madhuri “Design and Analysis of Triangular Micro strip Antenna using Various Substrates,” International Journal of Review in Electronics & Communication Engineering (IJRECE),Volume 2 - Issue 2, April 2014. 4. Dharsandiya, Ila D. Parmar, “Optimization of Antenna Design for Gain Enhancement Using Array,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2014. 5. Anshul Shrivastava, Abhinav Bhargava, Samrat Ghosh, “A Multiple U Slotted Rectangular Micro-strip Patch Antenna,” International Journal of Engineering Research, Volume No.1, Issue No.1, pp : 01-03 01 Nov. 2012. Books 6. Constantine A. Balanis; Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2ndedition. 1997. 7. G.S.N. Raju, “Antennas and Wave Prpagation” Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, 2005. 8. John D. Krauss, “Antennas” Tata McGrew-Hill Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 1988. 9. ANSYS HFSS. ver. 13.0.0, ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA, USA, 2011[Online]. Available:
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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP SQUARE PATCH ANTENNA AT 2.4Ghz FREQUENCY M. KISHORE KUMAR Associate Professor Department of ECE, Sri Vasavi Engineering College JNT University Kakinada Andhra Pradesh, India
P. PRASANTH SAI Student of Department of ECE, Sri Vasavi Engineering College JNT University Kakinada Andhra Pradesh, India
JYOTHI PUSHPA Student of Department of ECE, Sri Vasavi Engineering College JNT University Kakinada Andhra pradesh, India
ABSTRACT In this paper, design of single, slitted and array square shaped patch antenna at 2.4GHz for wireless applications are presented. This paper demonstrate the analysis of various shapes of micro strip square patch antennas for wireless and mobile applications. The proposed design is well utilized in future mini and small satellites also.The advantage of Square patch is that it can be easily fabricated and simplicity in modeling as well as impedance matching. These antennas are designed and simulated by using HFSS simulation software.In this design consider RT Duroid (ℇr=2.2) as a substrate. Finally compare the antenna parameters such as Return losses, Gain, Radiation Pattern, VSWR. Keywords – Square patch antenna, Slitted antenna, square patch antenna array, RT Duroid, operating frequency is 2.4GHz
I. INTRODUCTION Micro strip patch antenna is very popular in wireless application and satellites because of ease in fabrication, planar design, mechanical reliability and mass production. The advantages of micro strip antennas are that they are low-cost, conformable, lightweight and low profile, while both linear and circular polarization can be achieved. The low profile, light weight and printed antennas are most suitable for satellite[1] and mobile applications. The conducting patch can take any shape, but rectangular configuration is the most commonly used configurations. Limitations for micro strip antenna suffer from a number of disadvantages as compared to conventional antennas. They are low bandwidth, low efficiency and lowgain antennas with low power handling capacity. In this paper, design a square shaped patch antenna arrays is presented. Specifically, four element micro strip patch antenna array shape is designed. Moreover, this design is simulated using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulation) software. Based on simulation results, comparison for different shapes of patch antenna parameters are achieved.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY ADVANCED RESEARCH TRENDS ISSN : 2349-7408 VOLUME IV, ISSUE 1(1) JANUARY, 2017
II. INDENTATIONS AND EQUATIONS The Mobile Communication Systems uses the frequency range from 2100-5600 MHz Hence the antenna designed must be able to operate in this frequency range. The operating frequency selected for my design is 2.4 GHz. The dielectric material selected for our design is RT Duroid which has a dielectric constant of 2.2. A substrate with a low dielectric constant has been selected since it increases the gain parameter. The height of the dielectric substrate is selected as 1.5 mm. The operating frequency of micro-strip antenna and the size of the radiation patch can be similar to the following formulas. The proposed design is very much useful in small, and mini satellites Calculation of the Width (W): 𝑪
W=
ℇ𝐫+ 𝟏 𝟐
𝟐𝒇𝐨√
Where, c is the free space velocity of light Calculation of Effective dielectric constant (reff): reff =
ℇ𝒓 +𝟏 𝟐
ℇ𝒓 −𝟏 𝟐
+
𝒉 𝟏
[𝟏 + 𝟏𝟐 𝒘]𝟐
Where ℇreff = Effective dielectric constant ℇr = Dielectric constant substrate H = Height of dielectric substrate W = width of the patch Calculation of actual length of patch (L): L = Leff - 2L ΔL is the extended length.
Calculation of the ground plane dimensions (Lg and Wg): Lg = 6h+ L Wg = 6h+ W III. Figures and tables 3.1 Square patch antenna design The antenna is designed for the resonance frequency of 2.4GHz. There are 4 micro strip patch antennas connected with coaxial probe feed in the form of array. Fig 3.1shows the geometry of conventional rectangular micro strip antenna. The designed antenna mainly contains Substrate ,Micro Strip Patch antenna, Ground Plane, Air Box and Virtual Radiation Box. The coordinate axis is taken at the center of the patch or substrate.
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Fig3.1: The geometry of the proposed square shaped micro strip patch antenna The simulation results of square patch antenna design are shown in below figures 3.1.1 3D Gain Total The following fig 3.1.1 Shows the Total Gain of antenna array in 3D for Rogers RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 7.3931dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.1.1 3D Gain Total for Rogers RT/duriod 5880 3.1.2 Gain Total: The following fig 3.3 Shows the Total Gain of antenna array in 2D for Rogers RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 7.3931dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.1.2:Gain Total for Rogers RT/duriod 5880 141
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3.1.3 VSWR: The followoing Fig 3.1.3 shows the VSWR of an square antenna for Rogers RT/duriod Material and the value of VSWR is given by 2.43dB.
Fig 3.1.3: VSWR in dB for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.1 4. Directivity The following fig 3.1 4 shows the directivity of the square antenna of RogersRT/duriod material is given by 7.5252dB.
Fig 3.1 4: Directivty for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.1. 5 Radiation Pattern Fig 3.1. 5 shows the radiation pattern for gain for Rogers RT/duriod substrate for Phi=00 and Phi=900 is 7.3931 dB.
Fig3.1. 5: Radiation pattern for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.1.6 Return loss Fig 3.7 shows the variation of return loss versus frequency. Plot Rogers RT/duriod resonates at 2.4GHz which achieves a return loss -17.119dB.
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Fig 3.1.6: Return loss for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.2 Slitted Square Patch Antenna: The equal slits at the edge of the square patch antenna is designed for the resonance frequency of 2.4GHz with probe feeding technique. the Fig 3.2.shows the geometry of equal slitted square micro strip antenna.The designed antenna mainly contains Substrate,MicroStrip Patch antenna, Ground Plane, Air Box and Virtual Radiation Box. The coordinate axis is taken at the center of the patch or substrate.
Fig 3.2: Shows the geometry of the proposed equal slitted square shape micro strip patch antenna The equally edge slitted square patch antenna simulation results are as follows 3.2.1: 3D Gain Total The following fig 3.2.1 Shows the Total Gain of slittted antenna in 3D for Rogers RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 7.42dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.2.1: 3D Gain Total for Rogers RT/Duriod 5880 3.2.2 Gain Total:
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The following fig 3.2.2 Shows the Total Gain of antenna array in 2D for Rogers RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 7.42dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.2.2: Gain total for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.2.3 VSWR in dB: The followoing Fig 3.2.3 shows the VSWR of an slitted square antenna for Rogers RT/duriod Material and the value of VSWR is given by4.30dB.
Fig 3.2.3: VSWR in dB for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.2.4 Directivity The following fig 3.2.4 shows the directivity of RogersRT/Duriod material for Phi=00 and Phi=900 is given by 7.5548dB.
Fig 3.2.4 : Directivty for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.2.5 Radiation Pattern Fig 3.2.5 shows the gain of Rogers RT/Duriod substrate Phi=00 and Phi=900 is 7.42dB.
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Fig 3.2.5: Radiation pattern for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.2.6 Return loss Fig 3.2. 6 shows the variation of return loss versus frequency. Plot Rogers RT/duriod resonates at 2.4GHz which achieves a return loss -12.296dB.
Fig 3.2. 6 : Return loss for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.3 Four element square patch array antenna design The antenna is designed for the resonance frequency of 2.4GHz.There are 4 square micro strip patch antennas connected with coaxial probe feed in the form of array .Fig 3.3 shows the geometry of conventional rectangular micro strip antenna. The designed antenna mainly contains Substrate, Micro strip patch antenna,Ground Plane and Radiation Box. The coordinate axis is taken at the center of the patch or substrate.
Fig 3.3: Shows the geometry of the proposed four element square micro strip antenna in HFSS Four element square patch array antenna design simulations results are as follows
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3.3.1 Gain Total The following fig 3.3.1 Shows the Total Gain of antenna array for Rogers RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 9.22dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900 .
Fig 3.3.1 : 2D Gain Total for Rogers RT/duriod 5880. 3.3.2: 3D Gain : The following fig3.3.2 Shows the Total Gain of slittted antenna in 3D for Rogers RT/Duriod Material and the value is given by 9.22dB for Phi=00 and Phi=900
Fig 3.3.2:3D Gain for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.3.3 VSWR in dB The followoing Fig 3.3.3 shows the VSWR of an Antenna array for Rogers RT/duriod Material and the value of VSWR is given by21.677dB.
Fig3.3.3: VSWR in db for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.3.4 Directivity The following fig3.3.4 Shows the directivity of the antenna array of Rogers RT/duriod material Phi=00 and Phi=900 is given by 9.884dB.
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Fig 3.3.4 : Directivty for Rogers /RT Duroid 5880 3.3.5 Radiation Pattern The following Fig 3.3.5 Shows the Radiation Pattern of Antenna for RT Duroid material and the value of Gain is given by 9.22dB.
Fig3.3.5: Radiation pattern for RT Duroid 3.3.6 Return loss Fig 3.3.6 shows the variation of return loss versus frequency. Plot Rogers RT/duriod resonates at 2.25GHz which achieves a return loss -1.4361dB.
Fig3.3.6: Return losses for RT Duroid All the above figures represents the simulation results of various designs and these simulation results are given in below table
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Table: 3.1 Comparison of square patch, equal slitted patch and 4-Element square patch Antenna Array results
The gain of slitted square patch antenna is slightly larger than the single square patch but more gain in four element array design similarly the directivity also. The disadvantage is in return loss These types of antennas especially used in small satellite applications[1]. IV. Conclusion Thus, a square micro strip patch antenna array using Rogers RT Duroid has been designed, simulated, optimized and analyzed using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) software version 13. The results showing that the antenna can be operated at 2.4 GHz frequency for Rogers RT Duroid substrate. The result of square array has an improvement when compared to the square and slitted micro strip patch antennas and radiation pattern is also being improved to a large extent using patch antenna characteristics. This array especially used for linear polarization, all S-band application, military and other communication applications. V. Future Scope 1. The square micro strip patch antenna array was successfully implemented. There are little advancement that can be made as per current requirements and further implementation is also possible by using different dielectric constants and different shapes. 2. The antenna design was completed by using probe feed method. This can be further improved by using other methods of feeding also. 3. With this improvement micro strip patch antennas can be used in various other applications. This will be very useful in other areas of communication like global position services. Since micro strip patch antennas can provide dual and circular polarizations, dual-frequency operation, frequency agility, broad bandwidth, feed line flexibility, beam scanning Omni directional patterning. 4. The proposed design can be further developed in order to enable tracking system and other advanced application.
148
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References 1. N.MohamedSabidhaBanu,Dr.M.RamkumarPrabhu&U.T.Sasikala“Design a Square Microstrip Patch Antenna for S-Band Application”, “ IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE),Volume 10, Issue 2, Ver. IV (Mar - Apr.2015), PP 24-30 . 2. V. R. Anitha, S. Narayana Reddy,“Design of an 8×1 square microstrip patch antenna array”, International Journal of Electronic Engineering Research, Vol. 1. No. 1, 2009, pp.71-77. 3. K. Phaninder Vinay, G.V.Naveen Kumar, K.Madhuri “Design and Analysis of Triangular Micro strip Antenna using Various Substrates,” International Journal of Review in Electronics & Communication Engineering (IJRECE),Volume 2 - Issue 2, April 2014. 4. Dharsandiya, Ila D. Parmar, “Optimization of Antenna Design for Gain Enhancement Using Array,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2014. 5. Anshul Shrivastava, Abhinav Bhargava, Samrat Ghosh, “A Multiple U Slotted Rectangular Micro-strip Patch Antenna,” International Journal of Engineering Research, Volume No.1, Issue No.1, pp : 01-03 01 Nov. 2012. Books 6. Constantine A. Balanis; Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2ndedition. 1997. 7. G.S.N. Raju, “Antennas and Wave Prpagation” Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, 2005. 8. John D. Krauss, “Antennas” Tata McGrew-Hill Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 1988. 9. ANSYS HFSS. ver. 13.0.0, ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA, USA, 2011[Online]. Available:
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