Tutorial – Oct 30 2008
DESIGN GRAPHICS TUTORIAL
Contact Info Boby Chu
[email protected] Macdonald MD53
Today... Assignment 4 à Q1: Transformations à Q2 : Screw threads à Q3: Geneva wheel
Homework time
Question 1: Transformations You can transform a vector by multiplying it
with a TRANSFORMATION matrix: New Transformation matrix
Old
Question 1: Transformations New Transformation matrix
Old
M
t
Question 1: Transformations Different transformations will have different
transformation matrices See notes PP: 79‐85 Don’t forget: VECTORS!
Question 1: Transformations Question 1 uses transformations to transform
conics Review Assignment M2‐2:
Question 1: Transformations You need to: Step 1: write the equation of the conic in matrix form (eq. 2.12) Step 2: apply the correct transformation matrix Step 3: Plot the final answer Everything should be done by hand
Question 1: Transformations Example: Q1 b) Step 1: Write the equation of the conic in matrix form
2 x
2 − y
= 1
Question 1: Transformations Example: Q1 b) Step 2: Transform!
Question 1: Transformations Example: Q1 b) Step 3: Plot!
Question 2: Screw Threads
Question 2: Screw Threads
Question 2: Screw Threads Specifications: à The threads must be smooth à Each tooth should fit into a diamond with
internal angles of 120° and 60 °, and small √3 and large diagonals measuring 1 and √3 1 units respectively à The profile must have G2‐continuous, meaning that the expressions for the curve, its 1st derivative, and its 2nd derivative must be smooth! à You cannot use circles to make round corners round.
Question 2: Screw Threads Hint they give you: use Lamé curves! P
P
⎛x⎞ ⎛ y⎞ f ( x, y ) = ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ = 1 ⎝a⎠ ⎝b⎠
4th degree
Question 2: Screw Threads
Special Feature Curvature κ = 0 at intersections with axes – totally flat!
Question 2: Screw Threads General Steps
Question 2: Screw Threads Strategy: à Define your Lamé curve à Convert into vector form à Cut up your curve into
curve segments à Transform your curve using transformation matrices (rotate and scale)
Question 2: Screw Threads Tools you’ll need: à From vector calculus, remember how to
reparametrize f(x,y) into f(t) à From vector calculus, remember how to find curvature:
κ=
f (t ) × f "(t ) f (t )
3
Question 2: Screw Threads Step 1: à Define your Lamé curve, transform into
vector‐matrix representation
4th degree
Question 2: Screw Threads Step 2: à Transform your Lamé curve using rotation
and scaling, like in Q1. You’ll need multiple transformations.
Question 2: Screw Threads Step 3: à Crop your Lamé curve...
But WHERE?
Question 2: Screw Threads Step 3: Where to cut à First let’s look at what we need to do next...
Question 2: Screw Threads Step 3: Where to cut At junction points P1 and P2, both the black and red segments must have same curvature κ to keep the entire curve G2‐coninuous.
P1
P2
Question 2: Screw Threads Step 3: Where to cut Because the red and black segments have opposing curving directions, the only κ that will work is when
κ = 0
P1
P2
Question 2: Screw Threads Step 3: Where to cut à To find coordinates (x,y) where κ = 0, you need...
κ=
f (t ) × f "(t ) f (t )
3
à ... which means you need to:
turn your curve equation into vector form reparametrize into t
Question 2: Screw Threads Step 3: Vector form of equation à Expand your transformed Lamé curve
equation fully
à Rewrite into explicit form: isolate y to get y = y(x)
Question 2: Screw Threads Step 3: Vector form of equation à Shove everything into a vector
x = x,
⎡ x ⎤ y = y ( x) → ⎢⎢ y ( x) ⎥⎥ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦
à Set x = t
⎡ t ⎤ f (t ) = ⎢⎢ y (t ) ⎥⎥ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦
Question 2: Screw Threads Step 3: solving for t, x, y à Set κ = 0
κ=
f (t ) × f "(t ) f (t )
3
=0
à ... and solve for t, and recalculate x and y. This will
give you the coordinates for P1 and P2.
Question 2: Screw Threads Step 3: Cutting the plot à Simply plot your curve from P1 to P2 above
the x‐axis.
P1
P2
Question 2: Screw Threads Step 4 à To isolate the red segment, plot your curve
from P1 to halfway to P2 above the x‐axis.
P1
P2
Question 2: Screw Threads Step 5: à Same as Step 2: Rotation + Translation
P1
P2
Question 2: Screw Threads In Maple, you need to know... à ... Create multiple plots and assign them names
A
C
B
à ... And display them on the same plot
A B
C
Question 2: Screw Threads In Maple, you need to know... à ... How to use with(plots) and with(LinearAlgebra) VectorNorm() CrossProduct() Diff() ImplicitPlot() Display() à Use the Help File
Question 3: Geneva Wheel