E412_7Contextualization & VA
Contextualization & Visual Aids
ALLEX 2016
Why is CONTEXT important? • A culturally feasible story cannot be constructed
without performance • Performance must occur within a context • Culturally coherent context provides motivation for speech (script) • The meaning of speech depends on the cultural context (sumimasen／duibuqi）: a word means what it means in culture.
Context is necessity for elicitation of performance script
Students
Context Specified Time Specified Place Specified Roles Audience (if relevant)
Script ACT teachers
How do we create context in the classroom? • Verbally • Experientially • With visual aids
Purpose of Visual Aids Visual aids:
“to prime” : to prepare someone for a situation or task, typically by supplying them with relevant information
• create the physical world of the target culture
(sometimes base culture too) in the classroom • create the context for performance • Provide information and topic to motivate students’ use of target expression (“prime” student reaction) • stimulate multiple parallel senses (visual as well as auditory) • support multiple learning styles (visual/physical/auditory learners)
Creating the physical world of the target culture
Create the context or performance: Specify Place
Specify Place, Time
9:50
10:00 Meeting
Specify Place, Roles
9:50
10:00 Meeting
Suggest an event
Identify roles
Specify topics and information
￥５８,６００
Types of VA: Pros and Cons Drawings
+Exactly what you need - Can you draw (quickly)? www.Google.com > Images > Search Tool > Type > Clipart Clipart Factory (Japanese): http://www.printout.jp/clipart/ http://www.irasutoya.com Photos +Reality - May be too many extra things Text +Clear, can handle abstractions - Reliance on the written information for spoken interaction (may be natural in some context);; Reliance on translation
Real objects +Realistic, 3-dimensional, mobile - Bulky Post-its +Mobility - Can become disorganized PowerPoint slides +Clear presentation, Linear, Stationary - Linear, 2-dimensional Black/White Board +Can be erased/added (flexibility) - No pre-drawing Smartboard à iPAD w/ a drawing app +Powerpoint + OHP + Board - Not there in many classrooms, Projection? Paper/Hand-held +Useful for information gap - Not readily visible to all
Advice: • Keep the VA simple without too much information. • Try to make the VA as realistic as possible. (Is the VA
something that would be seen in the given context?)
BUT avoid • too much
information on one VA
Foreign Interns OCT 24 OCT 25 OCT 26 OCT 28 OCT 29
Name キンバリー ヒラリー キム ピート メリッサ
From: イギリス ドイツ フランス イタリア アメリカ
Foreign Interns Name キンバリー ヒラリー キム ピート メリッサ
Foreign Interns OCT 24 OCT 25 OCT 26 OCT 27 OCT 28
Name キンバリー ヒラリー キム ピート メリッサ
Foreign Interns Name
From: イギリス ドイツ フランス イタリア アメリカ
Avoid English for translation Why? Example: AVOID “go to the bookstore and buy three magazines and a book.” What kind of English is OK?
BOOKSTORE
French book $9.00
Chinese dictionary $15.00
Japanese CD
Notebook
$20.50
$2.00
English magazine $5.00
Visual images are Powerful “A bookstore in St. Louis” vs “Barnes & Noble” vs “Kinokuniya” vs
“In front of a train station” vs “XXX Station” vs
General VA considerations: • Efficiency • Ease of understanding • Usefulness
More advice: • Let the VA drive the class activities • Arrange the VA in order of use before class • Plan the placement and timing of the VA;; include • • • • • •
instructions to yourself on your lesson plan Use real objects when appropriate (cell phones, pens, books, clips, paper, cups, your students & their movements) Be sure VA can be easily understood Give the students a chance to understand the VA Be sure VA are visible to all of the students Avoid using objects that distract the students (magazines, toys) Don’t have too many VA out at one time
$100
$15
20 inches
8 inches
2002 model
2002 model $299
2016 model
$2000
ê
ê
?
プリンスホテル
Elicit Performances: • Prepare props/visual aids Efficient for eliciting the target script Easily understood? Useful in eliciting the target script • Manage prop/visual aids Position Timing
A: Who’s coming today? B: Jason Smith. A: And what about tomorrow? B: Tomorrow it’ll be Clara Park. • Place? Time? Audience? Roles? • Visual aids might be???
A: Excuse me. Is there a bank around here? B:Uh..yes, there’s one next to that tall building up ahead. First think about the TARGET(s) of the dialogue. And then the SIMPLEST context. Who? When? Where? Why?
1. FOCUS ON TARGETS FIRST. 2. KEEP IT SIMPLE!
ALLEX 2016
Why is CONTEXT important? • A culturally feasible story cannot be constructed
without performance • Performance must occur within a context • Culturally coherent context provides motivation for speech (script) • The meaning of speech depends on the cultural context (sumimasen／duibuqi）: a word means what it means in culture.
Context is necessity for elicitation of performance script
Students
Context Specified Time Specified Place Specified Roles Audience (if relevant)
Script ACT teachers
How do we create context in the classroom? • Verbally • Experientially • With visual aids
Purpose of Visual Aids Visual aids:
“to prime” : to prepare someone for a situation or task, typically by supplying them with relevant information
• create the physical world of the target culture
(sometimes base culture too) in the classroom • create the context for performance • Provide information and topic to motivate students’ use of target expression (“prime” student reaction) • stimulate multiple parallel senses (visual as well as auditory) • support multiple learning styles (visual/physical/auditory learners)
Creating the physical world of the target culture
Create the context or performance: Specify Place
Specify Place, Time
9:50
10:00 Meeting
Specify Place, Roles
9:50
10:00 Meeting
Suggest an event
Identify roles
Specify topics and information
￥５８,６００
Types of VA: Pros and Cons Drawings
+Exactly what you need - Can you draw (quickly)? www.Google.com > Images > Search Tool > Type > Clipart Clipart Factory (Japanese): http://www.printout.jp/clipart/ http://www.irasutoya.com Photos +Reality - May be too many extra things Text +Clear, can handle abstractions - Reliance on the written information for spoken interaction (may be natural in some context);; Reliance on translation
Real objects +Realistic, 3-dimensional, mobile - Bulky Post-its +Mobility - Can become disorganized PowerPoint slides +Clear presentation, Linear, Stationary - Linear, 2-dimensional Black/White Board +Can be erased/added (flexibility) - No pre-drawing Smartboard à iPAD w/ a drawing app +Powerpoint + OHP + Board - Not there in many classrooms, Projection? Paper/Hand-held +Useful for information gap - Not readily visible to all
Advice: • Keep the VA simple without too much information. • Try to make the VA as realistic as possible. (Is the VA
something that would be seen in the given context?)
BUT avoid • too much
information on one VA
Foreign Interns OCT 24 OCT 25 OCT 26 OCT 28 OCT 29
Name キンバリー ヒラリー キム ピート メリッサ
From: イギリス ドイツ フランス イタリア アメリカ
Foreign Interns Name キンバリー ヒラリー キム ピート メリッサ
Foreign Interns OCT 24 OCT 25 OCT 26 OCT 27 OCT 28
Name キンバリー ヒラリー キム ピート メリッサ
Foreign Interns Name
From: イギリス ドイツ フランス イタリア アメリカ
Avoid English for translation Why? Example: AVOID “go to the bookstore and buy three magazines and a book.” What kind of English is OK?
BOOKSTORE
French book $9.00
Chinese dictionary $15.00
Japanese CD
Notebook
$20.50
$2.00
English magazine $5.00
Visual images are Powerful “A bookstore in St. Louis” vs “Barnes & Noble” vs “Kinokuniya” vs
“In front of a train station” vs “XXX Station” vs
General VA considerations: • Efficiency • Ease of understanding • Usefulness
More advice: • Let the VA drive the class activities • Arrange the VA in order of use before class • Plan the placement and timing of the VA;; include • • • • • •
instructions to yourself on your lesson plan Use real objects when appropriate (cell phones, pens, books, clips, paper, cups, your students & their movements) Be sure VA can be easily understood Give the students a chance to understand the VA Be sure VA are visible to all of the students Avoid using objects that distract the students (magazines, toys) Don’t have too many VA out at one time
$100
$15
20 inches
8 inches
2002 model
2002 model $299
2016 model
$2000
ê
ê
?
プリンスホテル
Elicit Performances: • Prepare props/visual aids Efficient for eliciting the target script Easily understood? Useful in eliciting the target script • Manage prop/visual aids Position Timing
A: Who’s coming today? B: Jason Smith. A: And what about tomorrow? B: Tomorrow it’ll be Clara Park. • Place? Time? Audience? Roles? • Visual aids might be???
A: Excuse me. Is there a bank around here? B:Uh..yes, there’s one next to that tall building up ahead. First think about the TARGET(s) of the dialogue. And then the SIMPLEST context. Who? When? Where? Why?
1. FOCUS ON TARGETS FIRST. 2. KEEP IT SIMPLE!
