E85 Infrastructure Status Update
CLEAN AIR CHOICE® IMPROVING THE AIR WE BREATHE ANGELA TIN JUNE 2017
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WHEN YOU CAN’T BREATHE, NOTHING ELSE MATTERS!
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WHEN YOU CAN’T BREATHE, NOTHING ELSE MATTERS!
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WHEN YOU CAN’T BREATHE, NOTHING ELSE MATTERS!
1972 Birmingham
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CAUSES OF LUNG DISEASE & CANCER
Smoking (2/3 lung cancer in never-smokers) Exposure to radon gas Exposure to chemicals –workplace (asbestos, silica) Air pollution – transportation & industrial sources Previous lung disease - tuberculosis Family history of lung cancer Past cancer treatment Previous smoking related cancer (tobacco products) Lowered immunity (AIDS, HIV)
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LUNG CANCER IS THE DEADLIEST CANCER Estimated Cancer Deaths by Site, 2013 180,000
5 Yr Survival Rate = 16.6%
160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000
Prostate Pancreas Breast
Lung
Colon
0 Other Cancers
Lung Cancer
Source: American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2013
MOST LUNG CANCER IS CAUSED BY SMOKING (WHILE THE NUMBER OF SMOKERS ARE DECREASING, THE INCIDENCE OF LUNG CANCER IS INCREASING)
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MOBILE SOURCES
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY USE MODE AND FUEL TYPE
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U.S. MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Dioxide Carbon Dioxide Methane Hydrocarbons (ozone precursors) Aerosols Hydrofluorocarbons (air conditioning)
Carbon Monoxide (2016) 52% from Mobile Sources
Nitrogen oxides (2016) 57% from Mobile Sources 26% from Fuel Combustion
Sulfur Dioxide (old data) 87% from Mobile Sources Lead (old data) 60% from Mobile Sources 28% from Industrial processes
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MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS Combustion & Fuel Exhaust emissions Evaporative emissions (hot days>cold days) Trip emissions (average trip = 7 miles X 7 times day) Variable emissions - speed Variable emissions - age Refueling emissions (area source)
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WHERE DOES OZONE COME FROM?
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Where does particulate matter come from?
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WHAT IS PARTICULATE MATTER?
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WHAT ARE VOLATILE ORGANIC CARBONS (VOCS)? Fuel combustion & Chemical Solvents / Processes Gasoline indicators Benzene Xylene Ethylbenzene Toluene Group A carcinogen – sufficient evidence from epidemiologic studies to support relationship between exposure and cancer Benzene
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1970 EPA & CLEAN AIR ACT
Created Environmental Protection Agency EPA required to establish air quality standards 6 Criteria pollutants (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and lead)
Climate change pollutants (CO2) Toxic air pollutants (carcinogens)
Timelines to comply
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WHO MUST COMPLY?
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sources Mobile Sources On road Off road Planes Trains Small engines Chemical Products
Chemical Compounds
NOT HOMES OR PEOPLE (DIRECTLY)!
No federal laws mandating: Recycling, reuse, energy, chemical, vehicle choice or fuel usage
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MOBILE SOURCE CLEAN AIR RULES Clean Cars and Passenger Trucks –Tier 3 Clean Heavy-Duty Trucks and Buses Mobile Source Air Toxics Rule Clean Non-road Diesel Engines and Equipment Locomotive and Marine Diesel Standards Ocean-going Vessels Small Gasoline and Recreational Marine Standards Ultra-low Sulfur Fuel Requirements Renewable Fuel Standards
A new vehicle today is up to 95% percent cleaner than in 1970 By 2020, mobile sources are projected to account for up to 50% of the NOx emissions, and substantial hydrocarbon and PM emissions.
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1995 REFORMULATED GASOLINE Why need? Cars are 98% cleaner (than 30 years ago) Twice as many cars on road today Cars are kept longer (due to costs) Reformulated gas Gasoline w/ additional processing and refinement Has reduced evaporation Includes an oxygenate to improve combustion 10% ethanol in 95% of all gas in U.S. Less benzene by 43%
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CLEAN AIR ACT PROGRESS
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Health Benefits REFORMULATED GAS SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCES HARMFUL GASOLINE EMISSIONS 2016 USDA Report Lifecycle Greenhouse Balance of Ethanol The Health Benefits of Ethanol: C. Boyden Gray
Air Toxics
-28%
Volatile Organic Compounds
-17%
Nitrogen Oxides
-3%
Carbon Monoxide
-13%
Sulfur Oxides
-11%
Carbon Dioxide (Green House)
-4% (-30%) (43% - 76%)
Particulate Matter
-9% (-50% for fine PM)
Reduced Cancer Risk
-20 – 30%
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CLEAN AIR CHOICE™
Angela Tin Vice President Environmental Health American Lung Association of the Upper Midwest [email protected] 217.787.5864
Ethanol Fuel Biodiesel Clean Diesel Electric Vehicles Reduce Reuse Recycle Bio - produce
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1
WHEN YOU CAN’T BREATHE, NOTHING ELSE MATTERS!
2
WHEN YOU CAN’T BREATHE, NOTHING ELSE MATTERS!
3
WHEN YOU CAN’T BREATHE, NOTHING ELSE MATTERS!
1972 Birmingham
4
CAUSES OF LUNG DISEASE & CANCER
Smoking (2/3 lung cancer in never-smokers) Exposure to radon gas Exposure to chemicals –workplace (asbestos, silica) Air pollution – transportation & industrial sources Previous lung disease - tuberculosis Family history of lung cancer Past cancer treatment Previous smoking related cancer (tobacco products) Lowered immunity (AIDS, HIV)
5
LUNG CANCER IS THE DEADLIEST CANCER Estimated Cancer Deaths by Site, 2013 180,000
5 Yr Survival Rate = 16.6%
160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000
Prostate Pancreas Breast
Lung
Colon
0 Other Cancers
Lung Cancer
Source: American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2013
MOST LUNG CANCER IS CAUSED BY SMOKING (WHILE THE NUMBER OF SMOKERS ARE DECREASING, THE INCIDENCE OF LUNG CANCER IS INCREASING)
6
MOBILE SOURCES
7
TRANSPORTATION ENERGY USE MODE AND FUEL TYPE
8
U.S. MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Dioxide Carbon Dioxide Methane Hydrocarbons (ozone precursors) Aerosols Hydrofluorocarbons (air conditioning)
Carbon Monoxide (2016) 52% from Mobile Sources
Nitrogen oxides (2016) 57% from Mobile Sources 26% from Fuel Combustion
Sulfur Dioxide (old data) 87% from Mobile Sources Lead (old data) 60% from Mobile Sources 28% from Industrial processes
9
MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS Combustion & Fuel Exhaust emissions Evaporative emissions (hot days>cold days) Trip emissions (average trip = 7 miles X 7 times day) Variable emissions - speed Variable emissions - age Refueling emissions (area source)
10
WHERE DOES OZONE COME FROM?
11
Where does particulate matter come from?
12
WHAT IS PARTICULATE MATTER?
13
WHAT ARE VOLATILE ORGANIC CARBONS (VOCS)? Fuel combustion & Chemical Solvents / Processes Gasoline indicators Benzene Xylene Ethylbenzene Toluene Group A carcinogen – sufficient evidence from epidemiologic studies to support relationship between exposure and cancer Benzene
14
1970 EPA & CLEAN AIR ACT
Created Environmental Protection Agency EPA required to establish air quality standards 6 Criteria pollutants (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and lead)
Climate change pollutants (CO2) Toxic air pollutants (carcinogens)
Timelines to comply
15
WHO MUST COMPLY?
16
sources Mobile Sources On road Off road Planes Trains Small engines Chemical Products
Chemical Compounds
NOT HOMES OR PEOPLE (DIRECTLY)!
No federal laws mandating: Recycling, reuse, energy, chemical, vehicle choice or fuel usage
18
MOBILE SOURCE CLEAN AIR RULES Clean Cars and Passenger Trucks –Tier 3 Clean Heavy-Duty Trucks and Buses Mobile Source Air Toxics Rule Clean Non-road Diesel Engines and Equipment Locomotive and Marine Diesel Standards Ocean-going Vessels Small Gasoline and Recreational Marine Standards Ultra-low Sulfur Fuel Requirements Renewable Fuel Standards
A new vehicle today is up to 95% percent cleaner than in 1970 By 2020, mobile sources are projected to account for up to 50% of the NOx emissions, and substantial hydrocarbon and PM emissions.
19
1995 REFORMULATED GASOLINE Why need? Cars are 98% cleaner (than 30 years ago) Twice as many cars on road today Cars are kept longer (due to costs) Reformulated gas Gasoline w/ additional processing and refinement Has reduced evaporation Includes an oxygenate to improve combustion 10% ethanol in 95% of all gas in U.S. Less benzene by 43%
20
CLEAN AIR ACT PROGRESS
21
Health Benefits REFORMULATED GAS SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCES HARMFUL GASOLINE EMISSIONS 2016 USDA Report Lifecycle Greenhouse Balance of Ethanol The Health Benefits of Ethanol: C. Boyden Gray
Air Toxics
-28%
Volatile Organic Compounds
-17%
Nitrogen Oxides
-3%
Carbon Monoxide
-13%
Sulfur Oxides
-11%
Carbon Dioxide (Green House)
-4% (-30%) (43% - 76%)
Particulate Matter
-9% (-50% for fine PM)
Reduced Cancer Risk
-20 – 30%
22
CLEAN AIR CHOICE™
Angela Tin Vice President Environmental Health American Lung Association of the Upper Midwest [email protected] 217.787.5864
Ethanol Fuel Biodiesel Clean Diesel Electric Vehicles Reduce Reuse Recycle Bio - produce
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