Eastland Woolen Mill Superfund Site
Eastland Woolen Mill Superfund Site
Eastland Woolen Mill Background Information Textile Mill 25 miles northwest of Bangor, Maine Wool products
Fabric finishing and dying Dye-aid
Mill closes in 1996
Stores began to close Sewer system and water system dependent upon Mill Major hit to tax base
Maine DEP initiates cleanup to remove solid and liquid waste from mill in 1996 Town considers options for next steps 1996-1998
Operations began in 1912 Eastland Woolen Mill acquired mill in 1936 Major employer for Town
Eastland Woolen Mill Background Information
Eastland Woolen Mill Background Information
Chlorobenzene, Dichlorobenzene (1,2; 1,3, and 1,4), and Trichlorobenzene (1,2,4 and 1,2,3)
Town of Corinna deliberated whether to seek a Brownfield grant or request Superfund designation
Brownfields
Grant to deal with investigation
Local control Redevelopment focus
Cleanup resources would need to come from another source
Superfund Perception
Lose control to federal government Cannot control outcome Cleanup focus Can Town be liable?
They took Mill property due to unpaid taxes
Requires support from Governor prior to placement on National Priorities List (NPL) Must complete the Hazard Ranking Process and exceed a score of 28.5
1
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Eastland Woolen Mill Background Information
Town Officials and local citizens met with EPA in 1998
Discussion focused on Brownfields vs Superfund NPL EPA explained its commitment to local input and consideration of reuse as part of “revitalized” Superfund program EPA also agreed to consider a dual track “SACM” model for the site
Stakeholder involvement
Determine if initial removal action is appropriate while completing the overall investigation program
EPA initiates removal evaluation in December 1998 EPA signs Action Memorandum to initiate a Non-Time-Critical Removal Action (NTCRA) in July 1999 EPA adds site to NPL in July 1999
Two components of cleanup
Local input Re-use focus
Planning and implementation of cleanup
Critical area of overlap was the design phase
Integrate local and other stakeholders input
Resolve divergent interests in a timely manner
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
How was it done?
EPA provided Redevelopment grant for the development of a re-use plan EPA provided a Technical Assistance Grant EPA met regularly with stakeholders and provided input to re-use plan State Agencies were fully involved and invested in reuse EPA’s design consultants and implementation contractors were also committed to these themes
Examples of reuse integration into cleanup
Historic resources
Odd Fellows Building
Road re-alignment and bridge replacement River restoration Site grading and restoration Groundwater cleanup
2
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Moving Odd Fellows Hall
Historic resources
Odd Fellows Building
Eligible for National Register of Historic Places Foundation over river Town wanted to save Cleanup plan required excavation beneath structure
EPA, State Historic Preservation Office, Town of Corinna
Town offered a new lot EPA could move once
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Road ReRe-Alignment
Road re-alignment and bridge replacement
EPA needed to relocate the road and remove bridge Town and State wanted a permanent realignment EPA redevelop grant helped provide vision and framework Town and Maine DOT acquired property and resolve logistical issues EPA only had to move road and bridge once rather than twice
3
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
River Restoration
River restoration
Dam beneath mill and shallow pond behind dam EPA had to remove dam Town, State of Maine (DOT, DOC, IFW, DEP), and EPA evaluated options
Return to unrestricted flow
No dam maintenance Fish passage Community Resource
River Restoration Town boardwalk trail along restored river
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Site grading and restoration
EPA considered the original Town re-development plan Developed revised figure based on updated subdivision and re-use plan Developing grading plan to match re-use plan Town installed utilities and roads in conjunction with EPA work Completed back section of site early to allow for construction of Senior Housing
4
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Groundwater Cleanup
EPA cleanup included long-term pump and treat system
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Cleanup involved innovation and innovative technology Treatment system Site Characterization In-situ Remediation
Permanent facility in downtown – middle of re-use area Town and re-use committee requested that EPA re-consider Technical information from design and early implementation indicated that system need only be temporary EPA changed remedy in September 2006
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Treatment System
Design to have minimal stand-by costs Low-temperature thermal steam stripping Adapt to phased funding Pre-excavated and screened soil stockpile
5
Soil Treatment System
Soil Treatment System
Soil Treatment Results Contaminant Concentrations (mg/kg)
Eastland Woolen Mill Percent Contaminant Removal Based on Average Pre- and PostConcentrations
Treatment Goal
Avg. Pretreatment
Average PostTreatment
15
72.2 (92.1)
5.6 (5.8)
92%
1,21,2-Dichlorobenzene
6
12.9 (17.1)
0.74 (0.77)
94%
1,31,3-Dichlorobenzene
6
1.1 (1.4)
0.28 (0.28)
66%
1,41,4-Dichlorobenzene
3
9.6 (12.3)
0.66 (0.68)
93%
Chlorobenzene
3
2.8 (3.9)
0.17 (0.19)
93%
Contaminant of Concern
1,2,41,2,4Trichlorobenzene
Use of 33-D graphics to present information and refine conceptual model Rock Chip Results
Note: Post-treatment results based on 4,200 samples. Number in () is the 95% upper confidence level
6
Eastland Woolen Mill
3-D Representation of Tracer Test Tomography - Animation
2-D representation of conceptual model
In-situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO)
ISCO
ISCO selected to address groundwater and remaining source contamination Iron catalyzed Persulfate Deep overburden, shallow bedrock, and deep bedrock
7
PRE-ISCO GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
POST-ISCO GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
PRE-ISCO GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
POST-ISCO GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
8
Groundwater Plume Reduction
BUILDING 14 / UST AREA
AREA 1
Eastland Woolen Mill Summary – Mill area before
Eastland Woolen Mill Summary The local students painted murals on the abandoned mill in 1998 – the year EPA, the State of Maine, and the Town of Corinna along with hard working members of the community decided to do something about the mill and attempt to revitalize the abandoned downtown
Eastland Woolen Mill Summary – Mill Area Today
9
Eastland Woolen Mill Summary
Local input and re-use are critical elements of Superfund project management Obtaining early and substantial stakeholder involvement can greatly increase value of cleanup to community Project Team must integrate re-use and other local input with main focus – cleanup
Not just the federal and state agencies: Investigation, design, and implementation consultants and contractors are a vital part of the team
Be prepared to adapt to funding, schedule, and other changes
10
Eastland Woolen Mill Background Information Textile Mill 25 miles northwest of Bangor, Maine Wool products
Fabric finishing and dying Dye-aid
Mill closes in 1996
Stores began to close Sewer system and water system dependent upon Mill Major hit to tax base
Maine DEP initiates cleanup to remove solid and liquid waste from mill in 1996 Town considers options for next steps 1996-1998
Operations began in 1912 Eastland Woolen Mill acquired mill in 1936 Major employer for Town
Eastland Woolen Mill Background Information
Eastland Woolen Mill Background Information
Chlorobenzene, Dichlorobenzene (1,2; 1,3, and 1,4), and Trichlorobenzene (1,2,4 and 1,2,3)
Town of Corinna deliberated whether to seek a Brownfield grant or request Superfund designation
Brownfields
Grant to deal with investigation
Local control Redevelopment focus
Cleanup resources would need to come from another source
Superfund Perception
Lose control to federal government Cannot control outcome Cleanup focus Can Town be liable?
They took Mill property due to unpaid taxes
Requires support from Governor prior to placement on National Priorities List (NPL) Must complete the Hazard Ranking Process and exceed a score of 28.5
1
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Eastland Woolen Mill Background Information
Town Officials and local citizens met with EPA in 1998
Discussion focused on Brownfields vs Superfund NPL EPA explained its commitment to local input and consideration of reuse as part of “revitalized” Superfund program EPA also agreed to consider a dual track “SACM” model for the site
Stakeholder involvement
Determine if initial removal action is appropriate while completing the overall investigation program
EPA initiates removal evaluation in December 1998 EPA signs Action Memorandum to initiate a Non-Time-Critical Removal Action (NTCRA) in July 1999 EPA adds site to NPL in July 1999
Two components of cleanup
Local input Re-use focus
Planning and implementation of cleanup
Critical area of overlap was the design phase
Integrate local and other stakeholders input
Resolve divergent interests in a timely manner
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
How was it done?
EPA provided Redevelopment grant for the development of a re-use plan EPA provided a Technical Assistance Grant EPA met regularly with stakeholders and provided input to re-use plan State Agencies were fully involved and invested in reuse EPA’s design consultants and implementation contractors were also committed to these themes
Examples of reuse integration into cleanup
Historic resources
Odd Fellows Building
Road re-alignment and bridge replacement River restoration Site grading and restoration Groundwater cleanup
2
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Moving Odd Fellows Hall
Historic resources
Odd Fellows Building
Eligible for National Register of Historic Places Foundation over river Town wanted to save Cleanup plan required excavation beneath structure
EPA, State Historic Preservation Office, Town of Corinna
Town offered a new lot EPA could move once
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Road ReRe-Alignment
Road re-alignment and bridge replacement
EPA needed to relocate the road and remove bridge Town and State wanted a permanent realignment EPA redevelop grant helped provide vision and framework Town and Maine DOT acquired property and resolve logistical issues EPA only had to move road and bridge once rather than twice
3
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
River Restoration
River restoration
Dam beneath mill and shallow pond behind dam EPA had to remove dam Town, State of Maine (DOT, DOC, IFW, DEP), and EPA evaluated options
Return to unrestricted flow
No dam maintenance Fish passage Community Resource
River Restoration Town boardwalk trail along restored river
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Site grading and restoration
EPA considered the original Town re-development plan Developed revised figure based on updated subdivision and re-use plan Developing grading plan to match re-use plan Town installed utilities and roads in conjunction with EPA work Completed back section of site early to allow for construction of Senior Housing
4
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Groundwater Cleanup
EPA cleanup included long-term pump and treat system
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Cleanup involved innovation and innovative technology Treatment system Site Characterization In-situ Remediation
Permanent facility in downtown – middle of re-use area Town and re-use committee requested that EPA re-consider Technical information from design and early implementation indicated that system need only be temporary EPA changed remedy in September 2006
Eastland Woolen Mill Site Cleanup
Treatment System
Design to have minimal stand-by costs Low-temperature thermal steam stripping Adapt to phased funding Pre-excavated and screened soil stockpile
5
Soil Treatment System
Soil Treatment System
Soil Treatment Results Contaminant Concentrations (mg/kg)
Eastland Woolen Mill Percent Contaminant Removal Based on Average Pre- and PostConcentrations
Treatment Goal
Avg. Pretreatment
Average PostTreatment
15
72.2 (92.1)
5.6 (5.8)
92%
1,21,2-Dichlorobenzene
6
12.9 (17.1)
0.74 (0.77)
94%
1,31,3-Dichlorobenzene
6
1.1 (1.4)
0.28 (0.28)
66%
1,41,4-Dichlorobenzene
3
9.6 (12.3)
0.66 (0.68)
93%
Chlorobenzene
3
2.8 (3.9)
0.17 (0.19)
93%
Contaminant of Concern
1,2,41,2,4Trichlorobenzene
Use of 33-D graphics to present information and refine conceptual model Rock Chip Results
Note: Post-treatment results based on 4,200 samples. Number in () is the 95% upper confidence level
6
Eastland Woolen Mill
3-D Representation of Tracer Test Tomography - Animation
2-D representation of conceptual model
In-situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO)
ISCO
ISCO selected to address groundwater and remaining source contamination Iron catalyzed Persulfate Deep overburden, shallow bedrock, and deep bedrock
7
PRE-ISCO GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
POST-ISCO GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
PRE-ISCO GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
POST-ISCO GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
8
Groundwater Plume Reduction
BUILDING 14 / UST AREA
AREA 1
Eastland Woolen Mill Summary – Mill area before
Eastland Woolen Mill Summary The local students painted murals on the abandoned mill in 1998 – the year EPA, the State of Maine, and the Town of Corinna along with hard working members of the community decided to do something about the mill and attempt to revitalize the abandoned downtown
Eastland Woolen Mill Summary – Mill Area Today
9
Eastland Woolen Mill Summary
Local input and re-use are critical elements of Superfund project management Obtaining early and substantial stakeholder involvement can greatly increase value of cleanup to community Project Team must integrate re-use and other local input with main focus – cleanup
Not just the federal and state agencies: Investigation, design, and implementation consultants and contractors are a vital part of the team
Be prepared to adapt to funding, schedule, and other changes
10
