Edan Presentation - PV Grid
PV GRID – WP3 Technical Solutions for PV Integration Existing Regulatory Barriers to Grid integration Athens, July 4th, 2013
1
Agenda
• DG and PV integration in the distribution network in Italy Connection activities Challenges for DSOs
• Identification of the relevant technical solutions in Italy • Barriers
RES-Curtailment Access to advanced inverter capabilities Storage use Self consumption Control of passive loads by DSOs Information exchange for Demand Response
04/07/2013
2
ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE – DG CONNECTED Up to May 2013 24,5 Non-RES Hydro Bio & Waste
Connected Power (GW), Yearly Data
10,0
2,0 1,0 2,4
4,7 2,7
1,6
1,7
2008
2009
0,8
0,7
Solar 15,5
2007
2010
2011
2012
Connected Power (GW), Cumulative Data Wind
3,6
Connections May 2013 [GW]
Cumulative connections (No.): 488.100
2013
23,8
24,5
2012
2013
19
9,1
2,4
3,1
Ante 2007
2007
6,4
4,7
2008
2009
2010
2011
Most DG is connected to MV network 04/07/2013
3
ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE – REVERSE ENERGY FLOWS HV/MV Substations experiencing “upside-down” operation
04/07/2013
4
ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE – LOAD / DG BALANCE Matching generation and load in MV-LV networks 9.000 10.000 8.000 9.000
50.000
7.000 8.000
40.000
7.000 6.000 6.000 5.000 5.000 4.000 4.000
35.000
3.000 3.000
15.000
2.000 2.000 1.000 1.000 0
10.000
-
45.000
30.000 25.000 20.000
5.000 0 Lombardia
Puglia
Sicilia
Totale nazionale
LOM PUB Potenza richiesta (in corso) suDG rete MT-BT Connected to MV-LV Network Potenza attivata su rete MT-BT Min MV+LV Load (2007) Assorbimento massimo MT-BT (anno 2007) Max MV+LV Load (2007) Assorbimento minimo MT-BT (anno 2007)
Ongoing DG Requests
04/07/2013
5
ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE – INTERFACE WITH HV GRID / 1 Net energy flows: Distribution network as seen by a TSO July 2010
MW
2012
40.000
30.000
20.000
10.000
0
Weekdays
Saturday
Sunday 04/07/2013
6
-200 00:15 01:15 02:15 03:15 04:15 05:15 06:15 07:15 08:15 09:15 10:15 11:15 12:15 13:15 14:15 15:15 16:15 17:15 18:15 19:15 20:15 21:15 22:15 23:15 00:15 01:15 02:15 03:15 04:15 05:15 06:15 07:15 08:15 09:15 10:15 11:15 12:15 13:15 14:15 15:15 16:15 17:15 18:15 19:15 20:15 21:15 22:15 23:15 00:15 01:15 02:15 03:15 04:15 05:15 06:15 07:15 08:15 09:15 10:15 11:15 12:15 13:15 14:15 15:15 16:15 17:15 18:15 19:15 20:15 21:15 22:15 23:15
ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE – INTERFACE WITH HV GRID / 2
Net energy flows: Distribution network as seen by a TSO MW The Puglia Case
Weekdays
May
2010
Saturday 04/07/2013
2011 2012
2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400
1.200
1.000
800
600
400
200
0
Sunday 7
ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE – INTERFACE WITH HV GRID / 3 Net energy flows: Distribution network as seen by a TSO
HV/MV Substation “Ginosa” (Puglia) 20
10
0
-10
-20
MW - Lunedì, 30 Agosto 2010 MW - Lunedì, 29 Agosto 2011
-30
MW - Lunedì, 27 Agosto 2012
04/07/2013
23.00
22.00
21.00
20.00
19.00
18.00
17.00
16.00
15.00
14.00
13.00
12.00
11.00
10.00
09.00
08.00
07.00
06.00
05.00
04.00
03.00
02.00
01.00
00.00
-40
8
MAIN CHALLENGES: VOLTAGE DEVIATIONS
• Slow Voltage Deviations Refer to the voltages in any given point in different load-generation conditions
• Fast Voltage Deviations Refer to the voltage in the connection point of new DG in case of instantaneous disconnection
• Voltage Values In the most critical condition, voltage values in any point of the network must be kept within standards
04/07/2013
9
MAIN CHALLENGES: CONGESTION
• Load Values In the most critical condition, load must be kept within standards
04/07/2013
10
RELEVANT SOLUTIONS – THE CATALOGUE SCADA + direct load control SCADA + PV inverter control (Q and P)
Demand response by local price signals
Network Reconfiguration On Load Tap Changer for MV/LV transformer
Wide area voltage control Advanced Closed-Loop Operation
Prosumer storage Reactive power control by PV inverter Q(U) Q(P)
Active power control by PV inverter P(U)
Static VAr Control
Self consumption by tariff incentives Curtailment of power feed in at PCC
Network Reinforcement
DSO storage Advanced voltage control for HV/MV transformer
Booster Transformer Demand response by market price signals 04/07/2013
11
RELEVANT SOLUTIONS FOR ITALY / 1
DSO-SIDE SOLUTIONS: • Network Reconfiguration • Network Reinforcement • On Load Tap Changer for MV/LV transformer • Advanced voltage control for HV/MV transformer • Static VAr Control • DSO storage • Advanced Closed-Loop Operation.
Complementary solutions (no “killer application”) 04/07/2013
12
RELEVANT SOLUTIONS FOR ITALY / 2
PV-SIDE SOLUTIONS: • Reactive power control by PV inverter Q(U) Q(P) • Active power control by PV inverter P(U) • Curtailment of power feed in at PCC • Prosumer storage.
Less limitations usually imply less effectiveness Solutions must be chosen with graduality 04/07/2013
13
RELEVANT SOLUTIONS FOR ITALY / 3
INTERACTIVE SOLUTIONS: • SCADA + PV inverter control (Q and P) • SCADA + direct load control • Wide area voltage control • Demand response by local price signals.
Solutions are complex and make sense only in case of massive deployment 04/07/2013
14
NOT RELEVANT SOLUTIONS FOR ITALY
• Booster Transformer • Demand response by market price signals • Self consumption by tariff incentives.
Can inevitably help in very limited circumstances 04/07/2013
15
SOLUTIONS’ EVALUATION Qualitative “holistic” evaluation for MV and LV grids
04/07/2013
16
MAIN REGULATORY BARRIERS / 1 RES-Curtailment
PROBLEM STATEMENT: Curtailment only allowed for transmission system security reasons, not in case of local voltage or load constraints (Priority Dispatch). No conditioned connection allowed -> connection solutions become more complicated SOLUTION AFFECTED: All solution implying limitations of RES-injection.
RECOMMENDATION: Curtailment of RES must be allowed to DSOs in National Regulation. Boundary conditions must be defined in technical standards (Transparency and No Discrimination). 04/07/2013
17
MAIN REGULATORY BARRIERS / 2 Self consumption
PROBLEM STATEMENT: No regulation exists prescribing self-consumption for distributed generation. Economical incentives have been defined for self-consumption, but they apply only to new installations and their effect cannot be granted, as it depends on individual behaviors of operators, on voluntary basis. SOLUTION AFFECTED: All solution implying self limitation of RES-injection. RECOMMENDATION: Define (reasonable) self-consumption obligations for newly-connected RES, in order to ensure transparent and non-discriminatory planning criteria. 04/07/2013
18
MAIN REGULATORY BARRIERS / 3 Storage use
PROBLEM STATEMENT: Present Regulation does not foresee DSOs making use of a storage system and does not provide any instruction about how storage energy must be treated within the electrical market structure. SOLUTION AFFECTED: All solution implying a DSO-owned storage. RECOMMENDATION: Roles, rights and limitations of DSOs in the use of storage must be clearly defined by NRA. It can be reasonably expected that local security-related capabilities should be made available to DSO.
04/07/2013
19
MAIN REGULATORY BARRIERS / 4 Access to advanced inverter capabilities
PROBLEM STATEMENT: Some Regulations do not allow DSOs to make use of available capabilities of inverters, even though they have already been included among mandatory requirements. SOLUTION AFFECTED: All solution implying control by DSO on PV-inverters. RECOMMENDATION: Access to inverters and control over their capabilities must be granted to DSOs. Boundary conditions must be defined in technical standards (Transparency and No Discrimination).
04/07/2013
20
Thank you for your attention Riccardo Lama Standardization, Working Practices [email protected]
Disclaimer: The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
1
Agenda
• DG and PV integration in the distribution network in Italy Connection activities Challenges for DSOs
• Identification of the relevant technical solutions in Italy • Barriers
RES-Curtailment Access to advanced inverter capabilities Storage use Self consumption Control of passive loads by DSOs Information exchange for Demand Response
04/07/2013
2
ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE – DG CONNECTED Up to May 2013 24,5 Non-RES Hydro Bio & Waste
Connected Power (GW), Yearly Data
10,0
2,0 1,0 2,4
4,7 2,7
1,6
1,7
2008
2009
0,8
0,7
Solar 15,5
2007
2010
2011
2012
Connected Power (GW), Cumulative Data Wind
3,6
Connections May 2013 [GW]
Cumulative connections (No.): 488.100
2013
23,8
24,5
2012
2013
19
9,1
2,4
3,1
Ante 2007
2007
6,4
4,7
2008
2009
2010
2011
Most DG is connected to MV network 04/07/2013
3
ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE – REVERSE ENERGY FLOWS HV/MV Substations experiencing “upside-down” operation
04/07/2013
4
ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE – LOAD / DG BALANCE Matching generation and load in MV-LV networks 9.000 10.000 8.000 9.000
50.000
7.000 8.000
40.000
7.000 6.000 6.000 5.000 5.000 4.000 4.000
35.000
3.000 3.000
15.000
2.000 2.000 1.000 1.000 0
10.000
-
45.000
30.000 25.000 20.000
5.000 0 Lombardia
Puglia
Sicilia
Totale nazionale
LOM PUB Potenza richiesta (in corso) suDG rete MT-BT Connected to MV-LV Network Potenza attivata su rete MT-BT Min MV+LV Load (2007) Assorbimento massimo MT-BT (anno 2007) Max MV+LV Load (2007) Assorbimento minimo MT-BT (anno 2007)
Ongoing DG Requests
04/07/2013
5
ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE – INTERFACE WITH HV GRID / 1 Net energy flows: Distribution network as seen by a TSO July 2010
MW
2012
40.000
30.000
20.000
10.000
0
Weekdays
Saturday
Sunday 04/07/2013
6
-200 00:15 01:15 02:15 03:15 04:15 05:15 06:15 07:15 08:15 09:15 10:15 11:15 12:15 13:15 14:15 15:15 16:15 17:15 18:15 19:15 20:15 21:15 22:15 23:15 00:15 01:15 02:15 03:15 04:15 05:15 06:15 07:15 08:15 09:15 10:15 11:15 12:15 13:15 14:15 15:15 16:15 17:15 18:15 19:15 20:15 21:15 22:15 23:15 00:15 01:15 02:15 03:15 04:15 05:15 06:15 07:15 08:15 09:15 10:15 11:15 12:15 13:15 14:15 15:15 16:15 17:15 18:15 19:15 20:15 21:15 22:15 23:15
ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE – INTERFACE WITH HV GRID / 2
Net energy flows: Distribution network as seen by a TSO MW The Puglia Case
Weekdays
May
2010
Saturday 04/07/2013
2011 2012
2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400
1.200
1.000
800
600
400
200
0
Sunday 7
ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE – INTERFACE WITH HV GRID / 3 Net energy flows: Distribution network as seen by a TSO
HV/MV Substation “Ginosa” (Puglia) 20
10
0
-10
-20
MW - Lunedì, 30 Agosto 2010 MW - Lunedì, 29 Agosto 2011
-30
MW - Lunedì, 27 Agosto 2012
04/07/2013
23.00
22.00
21.00
20.00
19.00
18.00
17.00
16.00
15.00
14.00
13.00
12.00
11.00
10.00
09.00
08.00
07.00
06.00
05.00
04.00
03.00
02.00
01.00
00.00
-40
8
MAIN CHALLENGES: VOLTAGE DEVIATIONS
• Slow Voltage Deviations Refer to the voltages in any given point in different load-generation conditions
• Fast Voltage Deviations Refer to the voltage in the connection point of new DG in case of instantaneous disconnection
• Voltage Values In the most critical condition, voltage values in any point of the network must be kept within standards
04/07/2013
9
MAIN CHALLENGES: CONGESTION
• Load Values In the most critical condition, load must be kept within standards
04/07/2013
10
RELEVANT SOLUTIONS – THE CATALOGUE SCADA + direct load control SCADA + PV inverter control (Q and P)
Demand response by local price signals
Network Reconfiguration On Load Tap Changer for MV/LV transformer
Wide area voltage control Advanced Closed-Loop Operation
Prosumer storage Reactive power control by PV inverter Q(U) Q(P)
Active power control by PV inverter P(U)
Static VAr Control
Self consumption by tariff incentives Curtailment of power feed in at PCC
Network Reinforcement
DSO storage Advanced voltage control for HV/MV transformer
Booster Transformer Demand response by market price signals 04/07/2013
11
RELEVANT SOLUTIONS FOR ITALY / 1
DSO-SIDE SOLUTIONS: • Network Reconfiguration • Network Reinforcement • On Load Tap Changer for MV/LV transformer • Advanced voltage control for HV/MV transformer • Static VAr Control • DSO storage • Advanced Closed-Loop Operation.
Complementary solutions (no “killer application”) 04/07/2013
12
RELEVANT SOLUTIONS FOR ITALY / 2
PV-SIDE SOLUTIONS: • Reactive power control by PV inverter Q(U) Q(P) • Active power control by PV inverter P(U) • Curtailment of power feed in at PCC • Prosumer storage.
Less limitations usually imply less effectiveness Solutions must be chosen with graduality 04/07/2013
13
RELEVANT SOLUTIONS FOR ITALY / 3
INTERACTIVE SOLUTIONS: • SCADA + PV inverter control (Q and P) • SCADA + direct load control • Wide area voltage control • Demand response by local price signals.
Solutions are complex and make sense only in case of massive deployment 04/07/2013
14
NOT RELEVANT SOLUTIONS FOR ITALY
• Booster Transformer • Demand response by market price signals • Self consumption by tariff incentives.
Can inevitably help in very limited circumstances 04/07/2013
15
SOLUTIONS’ EVALUATION Qualitative “holistic” evaluation for MV and LV grids
04/07/2013
16
MAIN REGULATORY BARRIERS / 1 RES-Curtailment
PROBLEM STATEMENT: Curtailment only allowed for transmission system security reasons, not in case of local voltage or load constraints (Priority Dispatch). No conditioned connection allowed -> connection solutions become more complicated SOLUTION AFFECTED: All solution implying limitations of RES-injection.
RECOMMENDATION: Curtailment of RES must be allowed to DSOs in National Regulation. Boundary conditions must be defined in technical standards (Transparency and No Discrimination). 04/07/2013
17
MAIN REGULATORY BARRIERS / 2 Self consumption
PROBLEM STATEMENT: No regulation exists prescribing self-consumption for distributed generation. Economical incentives have been defined for self-consumption, but they apply only to new installations and their effect cannot be granted, as it depends on individual behaviors of operators, on voluntary basis. SOLUTION AFFECTED: All solution implying self limitation of RES-injection. RECOMMENDATION: Define (reasonable) self-consumption obligations for newly-connected RES, in order to ensure transparent and non-discriminatory planning criteria. 04/07/2013
18
MAIN REGULATORY BARRIERS / 3 Storage use
PROBLEM STATEMENT: Present Regulation does not foresee DSOs making use of a storage system and does not provide any instruction about how storage energy must be treated within the electrical market structure. SOLUTION AFFECTED: All solution implying a DSO-owned storage. RECOMMENDATION: Roles, rights and limitations of DSOs in the use of storage must be clearly defined by NRA. It can be reasonably expected that local security-related capabilities should be made available to DSO.
04/07/2013
19
MAIN REGULATORY BARRIERS / 4 Access to advanced inverter capabilities
PROBLEM STATEMENT: Some Regulations do not allow DSOs to make use of available capabilities of inverters, even though they have already been included among mandatory requirements. SOLUTION AFFECTED: All solution implying control by DSO on PV-inverters. RECOMMENDATION: Access to inverters and control over their capabilities must be granted to DSOs. Boundary conditions must be defined in technical standards (Transparency and No Discrimination).
04/07/2013
20
Thank you for your attention Riccardo Lama Standardization, Working Practices [email protected]
Disclaimer: The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
