Evaluating Hay Quality

Evaluating Hay Quality ˆ}…ʵÕ>ˆÌÞʅ>Þʅ>ÃÊ>ʅˆ}…ʘÕÌÀˆÌˆÛiÊVœ˜‡ Ìi˜ÌÊ­ˆ˜VÕ`ˆ˜}ÊVÀÕ`iÊ«ÀœÌiˆ˜Ê>˜`Ê`ˆ}iÃ̈LiÊ i˜iÀ}Þ®Ê>˜`Ê>ʅˆ}…ʈ˜Ì>ŽiÊ>˜`Ê>VVi«Ì>Lˆ‡ ˆÌÞ°ÊÊÌʈÃʏœÜʈ˜ÊViÊÜ>ÃÊ>˜`ÊvˆLiÀÊ>˜`ÊvÀiiÊ œvÊ`iviVÌÃ]ÊÃÕV…Ê>ÃÊ`ÕÃÌ]ʓÕÃÌÞʜ`œÀ]ʓœ`]Ê >˜`ÊiÝViÃÈÛiÊvœÀiˆ}˜Ê“>ÌiÀˆ>°ÊˆÛiÃ̜VŽÊ>˜`Ê `>ˆÀÞÊ«Àœ`ÕViÀÃÊÃiiŽˆ˜}ʅˆ}…iÀÊ«ÀœvˆÌʓ>À}ˆ˜ÃÊ Vœ˜Ãˆ`iÀʅˆ}…ʵÕ>ˆÌÞÊvœÀ>}iÊ̅iÊL>ÈÃÊvœÀÊ>˜ÞÊ vii`ÊÀ>̈œ˜°ÊÊ ÃÃi˜Ìˆ>Ê˜ÕÌÀˆi˜ÌÃʘœÌÊÃÕ««ˆi`Ê LÞÊ̅iÊvœÀ>}iʓÕÃÌÊLiÊÃÕ««i“i˜Ìi`ÊLÞÊVœ˜‡ Vi˜ÌÀ>ÌiÃ]Ê܅ˆV…Ê>``Ê̜Ê̅iÊ̜Ì>Êvii`ÊLˆ°Ê /…ÕÃ]Ê̅iʅˆ}…iÀÊ̅iʅ>ÞʵÕ>ˆÌÞ]Ê̅iʏœÜiÀÊ Ì…iÊ>“œÕ˜ÌʜvÊVœ˜Vi˜ÌÀ>ÌiÃʘii`i`]Ê>˜`Ê̅iÊ œÜiÀÊ̅iÊvii`ÊVœÃÌð

Fact Sheet 644

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&OREIGN-ATERIALS œÀiˆ}˜Ê“>ÌiÀˆ>ÃÊV>˜ÊLiÊ`ˆÛˆ`i`ʈ˜ÌœÊˆ˜Õ‡ ÀˆœÕÃÊ>˜`ʘœ˜ˆ˜ÕÀˆœÕÃÊV>Ìi}œÀˆiðʘÕÀˆœÕÃÊ vœÀiˆ}˜Ê“>ÌiÀˆ>ÊˆÃʓ>ÌiÀˆ>Ê̅>ÌÊ܈Ê…>À“Ê ̅iÊ>˜ˆ“>ÊˆvÊi>Ìi˜°Ê/…ˆÃʈ˜VÕ`iÃÊ«œˆÃœ˜‡ œÕÃÊ«>˜ÌÃÊ>˜`ʓ>ÌÌiÀÊÃÕV…Ê>ÃÊ܈ÀiʜÀʘ>ˆÃ°Ê œ˜ˆ˜ÕÀˆœÕÃÊvœÀiˆ}˜Ê“>ÌiÀˆ>ÊˆÃʓ>ÌÌiÀÊ̅>ÌÊ ˆÃÊVœ““œ˜ÞÊÜ>ÃÌi`ʈ˜Êvii`ˆ˜}ʜ«iÀ>̈œ˜ÃÊ LÕÌʈÃʘœÌʅ>À“vՏÊ̜ʏˆÛiÃ̜VŽÊˆvÊi>Ìi˜°Ê/…ˆÃÊ ˆ˜VÕ`iÃÊÜii`Ã]Ê}À>ˆ˜ÊÃÌÀ>Ü]ÊVœÀ˜ÃÌ>ŽÃ]ÊÃÌÕL‡ Li]ÊV…>vv]Ê>˜`ÊÃ̈VŽÃ° 7ii`ÃÊ>ÀiÊ̅iʓœÃÌÊVœ““œ˜Ê˜œ˜ˆ˜ÕÀˆœÕÃÊ vœÀiˆ}˜Ê“>ÌiÀˆ>ÊvœÕ˜`ʈ˜Ê…>ްʈÛiÃ̜VŽÊ`œÊ ˜œÌÊÀiˆÃ…Ê“œÃÌÊÜii`ÃÊ>˜`ʈvÊ̅iÞÊ>ÀiÊi>Ìi˜Ê ̅iÞÊÕÃÕ>Þʅ>ÛiʏˆÌ̏iʜÀʘœÊvii`ÊÛ>Õi°Ê>ÞÊ Vœ˜Ì>ˆ˜ˆ˜}ÊÜii`ÃʈÃÊ`ˆÃVÀˆ“ˆ˜>Ìi`Ê>}>ˆ˜ÃÌÊ LiV>ÕÃiÊÜii`ÃÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜ÌÊÜ>ÃÌiÊ>˜`Ê}ˆÛiʅ>ÞÊ

4

Hay Evaluation Guidelines The score sheet below is a guideline for evaluating hay. The sheet indicates the amount of importance to place upon each quality factor. Note that maturity, at 30 points, is the most important factor. Leafiness, color, and odor and condition each receive a possible 20 points. Foreign material has a possible 10 points.

3AMPLE3CORE3HEET Possible score

Score given

-ATURITY Alfalfa should be cut in the late bud or early bloom stage, clovers at 20 percent bloom. Most grasses should be cut in the boot to early heading stage. These stages of maturity score highest (25 to 30 points). Alfalfa and clover cut at full bloom and grasses cut between late heading and full bloom score low (1 to 10 points) because they have lower feed value.

30

______

,EAFINESS Hay with a high ratio of leaves to stems and a substantial portion of the leaves attached to stems scores high (5 to 20 points). Stemmy hay and hay with shattered leaves score low (0 to 5 points).

20

______

#OLOR Hay with a bright green color scores high (15 to 20 points). Golden yellow to yellow hays score 5 to 15 points. Dark brown or black hays score 0 to 5 points.

20

______

/DORAND#ONDITION Smell of new mown hay scores high (15 to 20 points). Hays with musty or other off-odors score 5 to 15 points. Moldy or unusually dusty hays score very low (0 to 5 points).

20

______

&OREIGN-ATERIAL Hay with noninjurious foreign material should receive a lower score than that without. Hay with injurious foreign material should not be fed to animals.

10

______

100

______

4/4!, 5

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6

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anthesisʇÊ-Ì>}iʈ˜ÊvœÀ>Ê`iÛiœ«“i˜ÌÊ Ü…i˜Ê>˜Ì…iÀÃÊ>ÀiÊiÝÌi˜`i`Ê>˜`Ê«œi˜ÊˆÃÊ Ã…i`° bleached hayʇÊ>ÞÊ܈̅Êv>`i`ÊVœœÀÊ >˜`ÊÀi`ÕVi`Êvii`ˆ˜}ÊÛ>Õi]Ê«>>Ì>LˆˆÌÞ]Ê>˜`Ê `ˆ}iÃ̈LˆˆÌÞÊLiV>ÕÃiʜvÊiÝViÃÈÛiÊÀ>ˆ˜Ê`>“‡ >}iÊ>˜`ɜÀÊÃ՘ÊiÝ«œÃÕÀiÊ`ÕÀˆ˜}ÊVÕÀˆ˜}° ÊÊÊU-՘‡Li>V…i`ʅ>Þʅ>ÃÊ>ʏˆ}…ÌÊ}œ`i˜Ê ÞiœÜÊVœœÀÊ>˜`ʘii`ʘœÌÊLiÊ`ˆÃVÀˆ“ˆ˜>Ìi`Ê >}>ˆ˜ÃÌÊ>ÃÊÃiÀˆœÕÏÞÊ>Ãʅ>ÞÊ̅>Ìʅ>ÃÊLii˜Ê À>ˆ˜i`ʜ˜ÊœÀʅ>Ãʅi>Ìi`ʈ˜Ê̅iÊÃÌ>VŽÊœÀʓœÜ°ÊÊ "˜Þʓ>ÌiÀˆ>Êœ˜Ê̅iʜÕÌÈ`iʜvÊ̅iÊ܈˜`ÀœÜÊ œÀʜ˜ÞÊ̅iÊÈ`iÃʜvÊ̅iÊL>iÊiÝ«œÃi`Ê̜Ê̅iÊ `ˆÀiVÌÊÃ՘ˆ}…ÌÊ܈ÊLiÊLi>V…i`°ÊÊ/…iʜ̅iÀÊ “>ÌiÀˆ>ÊŜՏ`ÊLiÊ>ÊLÀˆ}…ÌÊ}Àii˜° ÊÊÊU>ÞÊ܅ˆV…Ê…>ÃÊLii˜ÊiÝ«œÃi`Ê̜ÊÀ>ˆ˜ÊœÀÊ ÌœÊ…i>ÛÞÊvœ}Ê>˜`Ê`iÜÃʅ>ÃÊ>ÊV…>À>VÌiÀˆÃ̈VÊ `ˆÃVœœÀi`Ê`>ÀŽÊLÀœÜ˜ÊœÀÊL>VŽÊ>««i>À>˜Vi°ÊÊ /…iÊÃÌi“Ãʜvʅ>ÞÊ̅>Ìʅ>ÃÊLii˜ÊLi>V…i`Ê̜œÊ œ˜}ʈ˜Ê̅iÊÃ՘]ʜÀÊ̅>Ìʅ>ÃÊLii˜Ê`ˆÃVœœÀi`Ê LÞÊÀ>ˆ˜]Ê>ÀiÊÕÃÕ>Þʅ>ÀÅÊ>˜`ÊLÀˆÌ̏i° ÊÊÊU ÀœÜ˜‡VœœÀi`ʅ>Þʈ˜`ˆV>ÌiÃʅi>̈˜}Ê >˜`ÊviÀ“i˜Ì>̈œ˜ÊV>ÕÃi`ÊLÞÊL>ˆ˜}Ê>˜`ÊÃ̜À‡ >}iÊ>ÌÊ̜œÊ…ˆ}…Ê“œˆÃÌÕÀiÊVœ˜Ìi˜Ì°ÊÊ/…ˆÃʅ>ÞÊ ÕÃÕ>Þʅ>ÃÊ>Ê`ˆÃ̈˜V̈ÛiʓÕÃÌÞʜ`œÀÊ>˜`Ê̅iÊ L>iʈÃʜvÌi˜ÊV>Ži`° ÊÊÊU9iœÜˆ˜}]ÊiëiVˆ>Þʈ˜Ê}À>ÃÃʅ>Þ]Ê ÕÃÕ>Þʈ˜`ˆV>ÌiÃÊ̅>ÌÊ̅iÊ«>˜ÌÃÊÜiÀiʜÛiÀ‡ “>ÌÕÀiÊ܅i˜ÊVÕÌ°ÊÊ/…ˆÃÊV>˜ÊLiÊ`ˆÃ̈˜}ՈÅi`Ê vÀœ“ÊÃ՘ÊLi>V…ˆ˜}ÊLiV>ÕÃiÊ>Ê«>˜ÌÃÊ܈Ê …>ÛiÊ̅iÊÃ>“iÊÞiœÜˆÃ…ÊVœœÀ° ÊÊÊUÊ-ˆ}…ÌÊ`ˆÃVœœÀ>̈œ˜ÃÊvÀœ“ÊÃ՘ÊLi>V…‡ ˆ˜}]Ê`iÜ]ʜÀʓœ`iÀ>ÌiÊviÀ“i˜Ì>̈œ˜Ê>ÀiʘœÌÊ >ÃÊÃiÀˆœÕÃÊ>ÃÊ̅iʏœÃÃʜvÊ}Àii˜ÊVœœÀÊvÀœ“Ê “>ÌÕÀˆÌÞ]ÊÀ>ˆ˜Ê`>“>}i]ʜÀÊiÝViÃÈÛiÊviÀ“i˜Ì>‡ ̈œ˜°

7

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by Lester R. Vough Forage Crops Extension Specialist Department of Natural Resource Sciences and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland, College Park Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of Maryland, College Park, and local governments. Thomas A. Fretz, Director of Maryland Cooperative Extension, University of Maryland. The University of Maryland is equal opportunity. The University’s policies, programs, and activities are in conformance with pertinent Federal and State laws and regulations on nondiscrimination regarding race, color, religion, age, national origin, sex, and disability. Inquiries regarding compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended; Title IX of the Educational Amendments; Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; and the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990; or related legal requirements should be directed to the Director of Personnel/Human Relations, Office of the Dean, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Symons Hall, College Park, MD 20742.

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