Facile Method to Functionalize Graphene Oxide and Its Application to ...
Supporting Information
Facile Method to Functionalize Graphene Oxide and Its Application to PET/Graphene Composite Sang Hwa Shim†, Kyung Tae Kim†, Jea Uk Lee‡, and Won Ho Jo*,†
†
WCU Hybrid Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
‡
Composite Materials Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 642-831, Korea
Figure S1. FT-IR spectra of fGO1, fGO2 and fGO3.
1
Figure S2. Raman spectra of GO and fGO1.
Figure S3. TGA thermogram of graphite, GO and fGO1.
2
Figure S4. EDS spectra of (a) GO and (b) fGO1.
Figure S5. Solubility of GO and fGO1 in water and organic solvents.
3
Figure S6. XPS analysis of fGO2 and fGO3: C 1s XPS spectra for (a) fGO2 and (b) fGO3; O 1s XPS spectra for (c) fGO2 and (d) fGO3.
4
Table S1. Analysis of C 1s binding energies and the atomic percentages of different type of sp2 and sp3 carbons in GO and fGOs.
C=C
C−C
C−OH
C−O
C=O
O=C−OH
(284.5 eV)
(285.3 eV)
(286.4 eV)
(287.1 eV)
(288 eV)
(289.1 eV)
GO
48.1
-
24.5
14.2
7.8
5.3
fGO1
27.3
34.7
24.3
4.5
5.6
3.6
fGO2
34.9
26.6
26.1
4.5
5.7
3.5
fGO3
36.1
20.3
29.7
4.8
5.8
3.3
Table S2. Analysis of O 1s binding energies and the atomic percentage of various type of oxygens in GO and fGOs.
a
C=O
O*=C−Oa
O=C−O*R
O=C−O*H
(531.2 eV)
(531.6 eV)
(533.6 eV)
(534.5 eV)
GO
11.3
9.85
-
45.2
24.0
-
10.6
fGO1
12.3
10.1
53.9
0.3
12.8
5.5
4.7
fGO2
12.4
10.6
51.0
0.2
14.3
5.7
5.5
fGO3
12.0
10.8
52.7
0.4
13.3
7.0
3.4
C−O−R
C−OH
C−O
(532.6 eV) (532.8 eV) (533.1 eV)
Carbonyl oxygen denotes either the oxygen in carboxylic acid or the oxygen in ester group.
5
Figure S7. UV-vis absorption spectra of fGO1, fGO2 and fGO3 dispersed in ο-DCB (Solution concentration: 0.1 mg/mL).
Figure S8. Plots of absorbance vs. concentration: the value absorption coefficient (ε) is determined from the slope of straight line according to the Beer-Lambert law (A = εCL). It should be noted that the absorption coefficients of all FGOs are the same (6.5). 6
Figure S9. Stress-strain curves for the neat PET, PET/fGO1, and PET/GO composites as a function of GO and fGO1 content.
Figure S10. FE-SEM image of aggregated fGOs in PET matrix.
7
Figure S11. DSC thermograms of unstretched PET and stretched PET (a); unstretched PET/fGO1, stretched PET/fGO1 with 1 wt.% fGO1 (b).
8
The heat of enthalpy was obtained by DSC data in Figure S8 and the crystallinity of the composite (Table S1) was calculated by the following equation: Crystallinity (%) = (
∆H exp ∆H 0
) × 100
where ∆Hexp= ∆Hmelting− ∆Hcold crystallization and ∆H0 is the heat fusion of perfect crystalline PET, 119.8 J/g.
Table S3. Enthalpy and Crystallinity of unstretched PET, stretched PET and unstretched PET/fGO1, stretched PET/fGO1 with 1 wt.% fGO1.
∆Hmelting
∆Hcold crystallization
Crystallinity
(J/g)
(J/g)
(%)
PET
45.5
28.0
14.6
Stretched PET
33.8
10.5
19.5
PET/fGO1
37.4
20.4
14.1
Stretched PET/fGO1
31.2
11.1
16.7
Sample
9
Facile Method to Functionalize Graphene Oxide and Its Application to PET/Graphene Composite Sang Hwa Shim†, Kyung Tae Kim†, Jea Uk Lee‡, and Won Ho Jo*,†
†
WCU Hybrid Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
‡
Composite Materials Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 642-831, Korea
Figure S1. FT-IR spectra of fGO1, fGO2 and fGO3.
1
Figure S2. Raman spectra of GO and fGO1.
Figure S3. TGA thermogram of graphite, GO and fGO1.
2
Figure S4. EDS spectra of (a) GO and (b) fGO1.
Figure S5. Solubility of GO and fGO1 in water and organic solvents.
3
Figure S6. XPS analysis of fGO2 and fGO3: C 1s XPS spectra for (a) fGO2 and (b) fGO3; O 1s XPS spectra for (c) fGO2 and (d) fGO3.
4
Table S1. Analysis of C 1s binding energies and the atomic percentages of different type of sp2 and sp3 carbons in GO and fGOs.
C=C
C−C
C−OH
C−O
C=O
O=C−OH
(284.5 eV)
(285.3 eV)
(286.4 eV)
(287.1 eV)
(288 eV)
(289.1 eV)
GO
48.1
-
24.5
14.2
7.8
5.3
fGO1
27.3
34.7
24.3
4.5
5.6
3.6
fGO2
34.9
26.6
26.1
4.5
5.7
3.5
fGO3
36.1
20.3
29.7
4.8
5.8
3.3
Table S2. Analysis of O 1s binding energies and the atomic percentage of various type of oxygens in GO and fGOs.
a
C=O
O*=C−Oa
O=C−O*R
O=C−O*H
(531.2 eV)
(531.6 eV)
(533.6 eV)
(534.5 eV)
GO
11.3
9.85
-
45.2
24.0
-
10.6
fGO1
12.3
10.1
53.9
0.3
12.8
5.5
4.7
fGO2
12.4
10.6
51.0
0.2
14.3
5.7
5.5
fGO3
12.0
10.8
52.7
0.4
13.3
7.0
3.4
C−O−R
C−OH
C−O
(532.6 eV) (532.8 eV) (533.1 eV)
Carbonyl oxygen denotes either the oxygen in carboxylic acid or the oxygen in ester group.
5
Figure S7. UV-vis absorption spectra of fGO1, fGO2 and fGO3 dispersed in ο-DCB (Solution concentration: 0.1 mg/mL).
Figure S8. Plots of absorbance vs. concentration: the value absorption coefficient (ε) is determined from the slope of straight line according to the Beer-Lambert law (A = εCL). It should be noted that the absorption coefficients of all FGOs are the same (6.5). 6
Figure S9. Stress-strain curves for the neat PET, PET/fGO1, and PET/GO composites as a function of GO and fGO1 content.
Figure S10. FE-SEM image of aggregated fGOs in PET matrix.
7
Figure S11. DSC thermograms of unstretched PET and stretched PET (a); unstretched PET/fGO1, stretched PET/fGO1 with 1 wt.% fGO1 (b).
8
The heat of enthalpy was obtained by DSC data in Figure S8 and the crystallinity of the composite (Table S1) was calculated by the following equation: Crystallinity (%) = (
∆H exp ∆H 0
) × 100
where ∆Hexp= ∆Hmelting− ∆Hcold crystallization and ∆H0 is the heat fusion of perfect crystalline PET, 119.8 J/g.
Table S3. Enthalpy and Crystallinity of unstretched PET, stretched PET and unstretched PET/fGO1, stretched PET/fGO1 with 1 wt.% fGO1.
∆Hmelting
∆Hcold crystallization
Crystallinity
(J/g)
(J/g)
(%)
PET
45.5
28.0
14.6
Stretched PET
33.8
10.5
19.5
PET/fGO1
37.4
20.4
14.1
Stretched PET/fGO1
31.2
11.1
16.7
Sample
9
