Fire Safety at Meadowlark Hills
Objectives As a result of completing this course, the learner will be able to:
State how quickly one needs to respond to a fire emergency List the four components needed to start a fire Describe the proper way to check behind a door for a suspected fire Prioritize which residents to rescue first in the event of a fire emergency Describe how to sound the alarm if there is a fire in the facility Recall the need to keep fire doors clear in the facility Describe what to do if a resident's clothes are on fire Identify the proper type of fire extinguisher to use for different types of fires Describe the proper technique for using a fire extinguisher Describe how to evacuate residents if there is a fire in the facility
Course Content
Chapters Chapter 1 of 7
A fire can happen in your facility on any day, at any time. Fires in long term care facilities occur more often than you might think. Because so many lives are at stake, it is important to know what to do if there is a fire in your facility. This course is designed to help you respond quickly and effectively to a fire emergency in your facility. After completing this course, you will be able to do the following: • State how quickly you need to respond to a fire emergency • List the four components needed to start a fire • Describe the proper way to check behind a door if you think there is a fire • Decide which residents to rescue first in the event of a fire emergency • Know where the manual fire pull stations are located • Know how to contact the Fire Department
After completing this course, you will also be able to do the following: • Recall the need to keep fire doors clear in your facility
• • • •
Describe what to do if a resident’s clothes are on fire Identify the proper type of fire extinguisher to use for different types of fires Describe the proper way to use a fire extinguisher Describe how to evacuate residents if there is a fire in your facility
Chapter 2 of 7 When fire breaks out, it may take just 3 minutes to go from a tiny flame to a very large fire.
Because fire grows and spreads so quickly, if one breaks out, you need to act fast! Flames aren’t the only things that can hurt you in a fire. You need to be careful of heat and smoke, too. Smoke and heat rise to the ceiling. To stay safe, keep close to the floor.
Smoke can also harm you and your residents, because it contains poisonous gases and reduces the amount of oxygen you are breathing in. When fire occurs, act quickly. The first 3 minutes are most important for safety!
Chapter 3 of 7 A fire starts (and stops) if the conditions are right.
Fire is made up of four basic ingredients.
First, you must have fuel. Fuel is anything that can burn. Some examples include paper, oil, or natural gas.
Next, you must have enough oxygen. There must be at least 16% oxygen present for a fire to burn. The air we breathe is about 21% oxygen, so there is enough oxygen present at all times to fuel a fire.
Another ingredient you must have to ignite a fire is heat. Sources of heat include heating and cooking appliances, cigarettes, lighters, and matches.
Once you have fuel, oxygen, and heat together in the right amounts and under the right conditions, a chemical reaction called “combustion” can happen, and a fire occurs.
The important thing to remember is that if you take away any of these four things, a fire will not start or continue to burn. At its most basic level, fire prevention and safety is based on the idea of keeping one or more of these ingredients away from the others. Some simple ways you can help prevent fires include reporting unsafe conditions (for example, frayed electrical wires and broken electrical receptacles) and practicing good housekeeping.
Chapter 4 of 7
Being prepared BEFORE a fire will allow you to respond faster, more effectively and in a calm manner. In a fire situation, every second counts and preparedness can save lives. Take a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the following safety features in your work area. MANUAL FIRE PULL STATIONS - Fire pull stations are critical to fast fire response. Activiating a fire pull station alerts all building occupants to the fire allowing them to begin responding immeditately. Activating a pull station notifies the Manhattan Fire Department of a fire at Meadowlark Hills. Fire pull stations are located adjacent to all exit doors. Do not obstruct pull stations with plants, trees or other objects.
KNOW HOW TO CONTACT THE FIRE DEPARTMENT - (911) "This is Meadowlark Hills at 2121 Meadowlark Road (Main Building) or 2221 Meadowlark Road (Bramlage Building) we have a fire on the second floor." If the fire is in your work area, you should contact the fire
department. Lyle House charge staff and Bramlage House charge staff should also contact the fire department in the event of any fire alarm. SMOKE DETECTORS - An alarming smoke detector is often the earliest indicator of a fire. If you hear a smoke alarm or see smoke, activate the nearest fire pull station and call the fire department (911). EXITS - Know where the EXITS are located, take a moment to review the exit plans for your work area. Exits can lead directly outside, into a fire rated stairwell and then outside or into another smoke compartment. Exiting into another smoke compartment is called "Horizontal Exiting". Horizontal exiting is often the most practical fire exiting plan, as it allows people to move to a point of safety while remaining indoors.
If there is a fire follow these steps: Remain calm - do not panic or yell "fire!" - do not use elevators First: Pull the nearest manual fire pull station. If the pull station is protected by a cover, remove the cover first. Confine the area by closing doors and windows if possible. Second: Call the fire department (911) and tell them which building and area the fire is in. Contact Maintenance by calling the Concierge at 323-3832 and asking them to radio Maintenance. After hours and weekends call 313-1276. Third: Do not stay in smoke filled areas. Evacuate the smoke filled area immeditately. Stay low to the ground to avoid most smoke and heat of the fire. Follow team coordinator, leader, staff or firefighter instructions.
Chapter 5 of 7
When evacuating the remaining residents, ask yourself the following questions: What are the limitations of the residents who need evacuating? Are these residents mentally and physically able to respond in the proper way to the fire emergency? Because they are elderly, ill, or disabled, some residents may not be able to move quickly in a fire emergency. They also might not be able to see very well in the smoke or hear what you are saying to them because of the fire alarm. Residents may be drowsy or disoriented because of their medical condition or the time of day, especially if the fire is at night.
Because of these reasons, residents may need more time to evacuate from a fire area and may need your help.
Evacuate residents closest to the fire FIRST! If a resident's clothes are on fire, use a sheet or blanket to smother the flames whole protecting the airway. If a resident is blind, tell him there is a fire and that you (or another person) will guide him away from the fire. When guiding a blind resident, stay in close physical contact with him. Offer your arm and have him grab your elbow. Direct him around any obstacles. A deaf or hearing-impaired resident may not hear the fire alarm. Use gestures to tell him what is going on and what to do.
You may also write a quick note for a hearing-impaired resident. For example: “FIRE—Go out the exit. NOW. Meet on front lawn.”
Sometimes, residents who can walk on their own and don’t have physical challenges may present other challenges. A person with severe Alzheimer's disease may be physically capable of leaving the area, yet mentally unable to follow directions or respond appropriately. Elderly residents and residents with mental disorders may behave irrationally by ignoring the fire, by not being able to physically move when they see the fire, by resisting evacuation efforts, or even by hiding under beds or in closets. To evacuate these residents, you need to give directions firmly and calmly. Try to take such residents one-on-one to a safe area if at all possible. To evacuate residents who cannot walk on their own or with little help, use wheelchairs or stretchers if available. Some other ways to move these residents include the swing carry; the blanket drag; or the two-person, single-file carry. Using the swing carry, you and a co-worker can carry a resident to safety. Do this by forming a cradle with both your arms behind the resident’s arms and knees.
The blanket drag enables you to move a resident to safety by yourself. Always stay at the resident’s head to protect it from injury.
The two-person, single-file carry allows you to move a resident with a cast on the lower part of his body (as long as the person can be put in a sitting position).
Chapter 6 of 7
You can also use a fire extinguisher to put out a small fire if you have been trained in how to use one. ONLY use a fire extinguisher if: • You have a clear exit path • The fire is still in the area of origin • The fire is not spreading • You feel comfortable using a fire extinguisher There are many different types of fire extinguishers. Each is used for a different type of fire. Most facilities have either type ABC or type K portable fire extinguishers.
Class K extinguishers will only be found in commerical cooking areas with hood systems - Bramlage and Wroten kitchens and the Main Kitchen. Class K extinguishers are silver in color; these extinguishers should ONLY be used after the hood suppression system has been activated. It is not safe to use class K extinguishers on electrical appliances until the power to the appliances has been shut off (activating the hood suppression system automatically shuts off power to the appliances under the hood). Extinguishers marked ABC may be used on most types of fires that happen in a facility. Type K fire extinguishers should only be used in kitchens for fires involving commercial cooking appliances with vegetable oils, animal oils, or fats at high temperatures.
Class ABC extinguishers are red in color, multi-purpose extinguishers that are suitable for use on the following types of fires:
Normal Combustible - paper, cloth, wood, rubber, many plastics Fires in oils, gasoline, some paints, lacquers, grease, solvents and other flammable liquids Fires in wiring fuse boxes, energized electrical equipment, computers and other electrical sources
If you need to use a fire extinguisher, remember PASS.
Pull the pin between the two handles.
Aim the nozzle at the base or source of the fire.
Squeeze the handles together.
Sweep the extinguisher from side to side.
After putting out a small fire, be sure to do the following: • Watch the fire to ensure that it does not flare up • Be ready to repeat whatever procedure you used should the fire flare up • Have the fire department inspect the scene • Have the fire extinguisher (if used) replaced or recharged by notifying the maintenance department
Chapter 7 of 7
Healthcare - In the event of a fire in a Healthcare Household, move residents away from the fire, through large double doors to another smoke compartment free of fire and smoke. Account for all staff, residents and visitors. Clear hallway of carts, equipment and people - including visitors. Upon activation of the fire alarm system, WanderGuard magnetic locks will automatically release. Any residents at risk for wandering will need to be directly monitored by staff members. Check with appropiate nurse regarding oxygen use.
Bramlage and Lyle Charge Staff - Check the fire alarm annunciator panel (located in the elevator lobby of Bramlage and Lyle) for the location of the fire alarm. Call 911 and let them know where the fire is at. Bramlage and Wroten Kitchens - If you see fire or smoke, pull the fire alarm and call 911. Evacuate residents and visitors to areas behind the smoke doors leading to the resident room compartment. Ensure that smoke and fire doors are fully closed and the hallways are unobstructed. If there is a fire under the range hood system, activate the hood suppression system by pulling the pin located to the right of the fire extinguisher in the kitchen area. The hood system will release a foam gel which will extinguish the fire. A class K extinguisher is also located in the Bramlage and Wroten front kitchens. The class K extinguisher should only be used AFTER the hood suppression system has been activated. Assisted Living: Miller and Tinklin - In the event of a fire - Evacuate immediately! If you see fire or smoke, pull the fire alarm and call 911. Staff shall proceed to rooms closest to the fire to start evacuating residents. At least one staff member will move in each direction, away from the fire, evacuating residents to the designated points of safety. Staff will move the residents starting with those closest to the fire and continue until all residents are in a safe location. The safe locations for Tinklin will be the courtyard exit on the north hallway and through the front entrance into the Miller lobby. The safe locations for Miller will be behind the smoke barrier doors (doors separating sections of the hall), the Miller Breezeway or the craft room courtyard. Maintenance - If you see a fire or smoke, pull the fire alarm and call 911. Proceed with caution to the area of alarm to assess the situation. If possible, extinguish the fire. Clear and isolate the area. Report to the Concierge the situation found. Follow instructions of Fire Department personnel. Once the fire situation is located and resolved, reset alarm for "all clear". On weekends, evenings and holidays notify the Safety Officer in the event of any alarm. Notify the CEO and Healthcare Administrator in the event of an actual fire. Housekeeping/Laundry - If you see fire or smoke, pull the fire alarm and call the fire
department. Lock cart(s) and remove from hallways. Shut off all laundry equipment. Main laundry - close chute. Report to household living room nearest work area at the time of a fire. Assist with clearing hallways and moving people to safe locations. If in resident apartment, remain until "all clear" is given. Evacuate if possible!
Therapy/Rehab - If you see fire or smoke, pull the fire alarm and call 911. If residents are in area, report to household nearest work area at the time of fire. Assist with clearing hallways and moving people to safe locations. If in resident apartment, remain until the "all clear" is given. Meadowlark Medical Professionals - In the event of a fire in the duplex building, call 911. The smoke alarm does not automatically alert the fire department. Close all windows and doors to confine fire if possible. Evacuate unit and notify neighbors. Notify concierge at 323-3832, instruct concierge to contact Maintenance by radio to alert them to a fire at your location. Administration/Wellness - If you see fire or smoke, pull the fire alarm and call 911. Close doors to all rooms in the Wellness hallway. Assist any visitors, staff or guests outside through the Park Den doors. Verna Belle's Cafe - If you see fire or smoke, pull the fire alarm and call the fire department or 911. Turn off all cooking equipment. Move all staff and customers past the smoke doors to the Park Area or outside. Concierge Desk - If you see fire or smoke, pull the fire alarm and call 911. Await notification by phone of location of alarm. Remain at concierge desk for further instruction. Keep hallways clear of all people until "all clear" is given. Direct people to gather in the main room, away from the hallways. Marketing and Administrator Office - If you see fire or smoke, pull the fire alarm and call 911. Assist guests to the Main foyer. Clear the first floor hallway of all furniture and equipment. Close doors to all rooms on the first floor hall. Check the Grosh Theater, Pub and Kansas Room for guests and turn on lights. Report to main foyer and keep hallways clear of all people until "all clear" is given. Main Kitchen - If you see fire or smoke, pull the fire alarm and call 911. If there is an open fire under one of the range hood systems, activate the hood suppression system by pulling the pin for that hood system.
Large Hood System - on the south side of the kitchen. Suppression system pin is located near the stairwell door. Smaller Hood System - on the north side of the kitchen, nearest restaurant. Suppression system pin is located on the wall to the left of the swinging restaurant doors.
Activation of the hood suppression system will automatically activate the buildings fire alarm system. The hood suppression system will release a foam gel which extinguishes the fire, the suppression system will also shut down the power to all appliances located under the range hood. A Class K fire extinguisher is located on the central pillar in the main kitchen and should only be used AFTER the hood suppression system has been activated. Evacuate the kitchen, assist guests in leaving Prarie Star restaurant, Manhattan and Kansas rooms as well as the Grosh Theater. Move staff and guests to the IL foyer near the concierge desk until the "all clear" is given.