Floating Wind Turbines - SLIDEBLAST.COM
Floating Wind Turbines by Paul D. Sclavounos MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering
Courtesy of NREL
Horns Rev Wind Farm (Denmark) - Rated Power 160 MW – Water Depth 10-15m
Expensive Installation Process for Seafloor Mounted Turbines
Floating Wind Turbine Attributes • Water depths of 30 – 1,000 m • 5-MW wind turbine • 1-2 GW Floating Wind Farm (200-400 Units) • Flexible installation process: – – – – –
Full Assembly at a Coastal Facility Tow Stably Floating Units Offshore Anchoring System Preinstalled Floating Wind Turbine Movable Concrete Block and Drag Anchor Systems
• Attractive Economic and Financial Attributes
Coastal Zone of Visual Influence (ZVI) • L • H • R
Distance from Shore for Turbine to be Invisible Max Height of Turbine Blade Tip (90 + 65=155 m) Earth Radius (~ 6,370,000 m)
L = 2H R • L • L
= =
28 Land miles (H=155m - Blade Tip) 21 Land miles (H=90m - Hub)
Deep Water Offshore Platforms for Oil and Gas Exploration
Spar and TLP SML Simulation Models of MIT Laboratory for Ship and Platform Flows
5 MW Wind Turbine Rotor Orientation Control Rotor Diameter/Hub Diameter Hub Height Max Rotor/Generator Speed Maximum Tip Speed Overhang/Shaft Tilt/Precone Rotor Mass Nacelle Mass Tower Mass
Upwind Variable Speed, Collective Pitch 126 m/3 m 90 m 12.1 rpm/1,173.7 rpm 80 m/s 5 m/ 5°/ -2.5° 110,000 kg Overall c.g. location: 240,000 kg (x,y,z)t = (-.2,0,64)m 347,460 kg
MIT TLP Design Diameter Freeboard
20.0 m 5 m
Draft
47.7 m
Concrete Ballast Height
14.6 m
Water Depth
200 m
Turbine Capacity
5.0 MW
Hub Height
90 m
Rotor Diameter
128 m
Static Tether Tension
507 T
σ of Dynamic Tether Tension at Hs=10m
90 T
σ of Nacelle Displacement at Hs=10m
2.3 m
σ of Nacelle Displacement at Hs=6m
1.2 m
MIT Taut Catenary Design Diameter Freeboard Draft
17.0 m 5 m 50 m
Concrete Ballast Height
18.3 m
Water Depth
200 m
Turbine Capacity
5.0 MW
Hub Height
90 m
Rotor Diameter
128 m
Static Mooring Line Tension
702 T
σ of Dynamic Mooring Line Tension at Hs=10m
224 T
σ of Nacelle Displacement at Hs=10m
8.5 m
σ of Nacelle Displacement at Hs=6m
6.1 m
MIT Slack Catenary Design Diameter Freeboard
32.0 m 5 m
Draft
9.8 m
Concrete Ballast Height
3.6 m
Water Depth
200 m
Turbine Capacity
5.0 MW
Hub Height
90 m
Rotor Diameter
128 m
Static Mooring Line Tension
75 T
σ of Dynamic Mooring Line Tension at Hs=10m
69 T
σ of Nacelle Displacement at Hs=10m
4.0 m
σ of Nacelle Displacement at Hs=6m
3.1 m
MIT Floater Designs – Hs=10m =Detailed Design
Taut Catenaries Slack Catenaries
TLPs
MIT Floater Designs – Hs=6m =Detailed Design
Taut Catenaries Slack Catenaries
TLPs
Economics of Offshore Wind Energy • Breakeven Cost vs Combined Cycle Gas Turbine ~ $ 3 M/MW • Natural Gas ~ $9-15/MMBtu over 2010-2027 • Onshore Wind Turbine Cost ~ $ 2 M/MW (2007) • Floater and Mooring System Breakeven Cost for 5MW Turbine ~ $5M; 10MW Turbine ~ $10M • Revenues from Trading of Carbon Credits • Coal Plant Emits ~ 1 ton CO2/MWh; • Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Emits ~ 300 Kg CO2/MWh
Courtesy: John Trowbridge WHOI
Courtesy: John Trowbridge WHOI
Research Themes • Wind Turbine Floater and Mooring Systems – Tension Leg Platform Floaters – Damping Systems – Catenaries with Active Tension Control • Advanced Blade Materials • Economics of Offshore Wind Farms • NREL Awards Massachusetts Grant for Large Blade Testing Facility (June 2007)
Courtesy of NREL
Horns Rev Wind Farm (Denmark) - Rated Power 160 MW – Water Depth 10-15m
Expensive Installation Process for Seafloor Mounted Turbines
Floating Wind Turbine Attributes • Water depths of 30 – 1,000 m • 5-MW wind turbine • 1-2 GW Floating Wind Farm (200-400 Units) • Flexible installation process: – – – – –
Full Assembly at a Coastal Facility Tow Stably Floating Units Offshore Anchoring System Preinstalled Floating Wind Turbine Movable Concrete Block and Drag Anchor Systems
• Attractive Economic and Financial Attributes
Coastal Zone of Visual Influence (ZVI) • L • H • R
Distance from Shore for Turbine to be Invisible Max Height of Turbine Blade Tip (90 + 65=155 m) Earth Radius (~ 6,370,000 m)
L = 2H R • L • L
= =
28 Land miles (H=155m - Blade Tip) 21 Land miles (H=90m - Hub)
Deep Water Offshore Platforms for Oil and Gas Exploration
Spar and TLP SML Simulation Models of MIT Laboratory for Ship and Platform Flows
5 MW Wind Turbine Rotor Orientation Control Rotor Diameter/Hub Diameter Hub Height Max Rotor/Generator Speed Maximum Tip Speed Overhang/Shaft Tilt/Precone Rotor Mass Nacelle Mass Tower Mass
Upwind Variable Speed, Collective Pitch 126 m/3 m 90 m 12.1 rpm/1,173.7 rpm 80 m/s 5 m/ 5°/ -2.5° 110,000 kg Overall c.g. location: 240,000 kg (x,y,z)t = (-.2,0,64)m 347,460 kg
MIT TLP Design Diameter Freeboard
20.0 m 5 m
Draft
47.7 m
Concrete Ballast Height
14.6 m
Water Depth
200 m
Turbine Capacity
5.0 MW
Hub Height
90 m
Rotor Diameter
128 m
Static Tether Tension
507 T
σ of Dynamic Tether Tension at Hs=10m
90 T
σ of Nacelle Displacement at Hs=10m
2.3 m
σ of Nacelle Displacement at Hs=6m
1.2 m
MIT Taut Catenary Design Diameter Freeboard Draft
17.0 m 5 m 50 m
Concrete Ballast Height
18.3 m
Water Depth
200 m
Turbine Capacity
5.0 MW
Hub Height
90 m
Rotor Diameter
128 m
Static Mooring Line Tension
702 T
σ of Dynamic Mooring Line Tension at Hs=10m
224 T
σ of Nacelle Displacement at Hs=10m
8.5 m
σ of Nacelle Displacement at Hs=6m
6.1 m
MIT Slack Catenary Design Diameter Freeboard
32.0 m 5 m
Draft
9.8 m
Concrete Ballast Height
3.6 m
Water Depth
200 m
Turbine Capacity
5.0 MW
Hub Height
90 m
Rotor Diameter
128 m
Static Mooring Line Tension
75 T
σ of Dynamic Mooring Line Tension at Hs=10m
69 T
σ of Nacelle Displacement at Hs=10m
4.0 m
σ of Nacelle Displacement at Hs=6m
3.1 m
MIT Floater Designs – Hs=10m =Detailed Design
Taut Catenaries Slack Catenaries
TLPs
MIT Floater Designs – Hs=6m =Detailed Design
Taut Catenaries Slack Catenaries
TLPs
Economics of Offshore Wind Energy • Breakeven Cost vs Combined Cycle Gas Turbine ~ $ 3 M/MW • Natural Gas ~ $9-15/MMBtu over 2010-2027 • Onshore Wind Turbine Cost ~ $ 2 M/MW (2007) • Floater and Mooring System Breakeven Cost for 5MW Turbine ~ $5M; 10MW Turbine ~ $10M • Revenues from Trading of Carbon Credits • Coal Plant Emits ~ 1 ton CO2/MWh; • Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Emits ~ 300 Kg CO2/MWh
Courtesy: John Trowbridge WHOI
Courtesy: John Trowbridge WHOI
Research Themes • Wind Turbine Floater and Mooring Systems – Tension Leg Platform Floaters – Damping Systems – Catenaries with Active Tension Control • Advanced Blade Materials • Economics of Offshore Wind Farms • NREL Awards Massachusetts Grant for Large Blade Testing Facility (June 2007)
