Forests And Wood
Carbon
First Building Code If a builder build a house for some one, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built fall in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to death. If it kill the son of the owner, the son of that builder shall be put to death.
Netherlands Whole Building LCA
Germany BNB Whole Building LCA
U. K. BREAMM LCA
Belgium Embodied Impacts
France EPD
Zurich 2000-watt Society and Minergie (Eco Version)
Decarbonization – increasing polices affecting both performance and embodied impacts.
Forests And Wood 3-S Concept • Sink • Sequester • Substitute
Forests And Wood 4 3-S Concept • Sustainable • Forestry • Sink • Sequester • Substitute
Importance of Forests as Carbon Sinks Deforestation account for 20% of GHGs (IPCC 2007)
Change in Global Forest Cover 2000-2005 – FAO 2006
Winter Season -Northern Hemisphere Forests
Forest, Product and Substitution Pools (concrete frame vs wood)
Forest, Product, Emissions, Displacement & Substitution Carbon by Component Stem
Root
Crown
Litter
Dead
Chips
Lumber
HarvEmis
ManufEmis
Displacement
Substitution
800 700
500 400
with Substitution
300
with Products 200
Forest
100 0 -100 20 00 20 05 20 10 20 15 20 20 20 25 20 30 20 35 20 40 20 45 20 50 20 55 20 60 20 65 20 70 20 75 20 80 20 85 20 90 20 95 21 00 21 05 21 10 21 15 21 20 21 25 21 30 21 35 21 40 21 45 21 50 21 55 21 60 21 65
Metric Tons Per Hectare
600
Year
From the Co-Recipients of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize…
“In the long-term, a sustainable forest management strategy aimed at maintaining or increasing forest carbon stocks, while producing an annual sustained yield of timber, will generate the largest sustained mitigation benefit”. IPCC 4th Assessment Report, November, 2007, (Nabuurs et al.)
Example Study of GHG emissions of a floor structure 6m x 6m in an office building. Steel deck and Concrete Solution
?
Wood Solution
16
Steel-Concrete Solution Steel girders and steel deck with concrete slab
Quantity of materials CIRAIG Data
Potential GHG emissions Results
Concrete
Steel deck
Steel girders
Steel reinforcement
3 m3
0.4 tonnes
0.2 tonnes
0.03 tonnes
540 kg CO2
868 kg CO2
198 kg CO2
27 kg CO2
1633 kg CO2 éq.
17
Wood Solution Wood floortrusses with OSB
CIRAIG Data
Truss plates
Nails
OSB
Softwood lumber
Quantity of materials
0.05 tonnes
0.04 tonnes
75 m2
0.9 m3
Potential GHG emissions
63 kg CO2
37 kg CO2
75 kg CO2
32 kg CO2
Results
276 kg CO2 éq.
18
Whole Life Impacts – 80 Years Variablility -- 12 – 20% (15%)
Operational
Embodied
Operational Impacts
Year 0
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 1
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 5
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 10
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 12 Operational = Embodied
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 15
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 20
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 25
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 30
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 40
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 50
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 60
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 80
Embodied Impacts
BUT……
What could possibly go wrong? Maintenance Operational Efficiency Style / Ego Land Value Disaster Carbon Tipping Point ???
Cumulative benefit of avoided 1 kg CO2 emission 3.5E-13
Avoided radiative forcing (W.yr.m-2)
3E-13
2.5E-13
2E-13
1.5E-13
1E-13
5E-14
0 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Years
Net present value 1 tonne CO2 in 80 years
.24 tonne.
500
Why Passive “The best way for the planet to reduce it’s energy use is to build and retrofit every building to a passive design. Compared to all other options, doing so is the fastest, most effective and least expensive way to reduce energy.“ Diana Ürge-Vorsatz, Director of the Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Policy (3CSEP) at the Central European University Speaking at the North American Passive House Network, Vancouver, B.C. Octopber 1, 2015
Whole Life Impacts Passive Design– 80 Years 12% increase in Embodied Impact, 85% Energy Reduction
Operational
Embodied
Operational Impacts
Year 1
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 5
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 30
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 80
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 80
Embodied Impacts
Conventional Performing Building
CARBON CONSIDERATIONS SINK SEQUESTER SUBSTITUTE TIME OPERATIONS
Why Wood? •Carbon Sink •Renewable •Recyclable •Reusable •Organic •Cleans Air •Cleans Water •Provides O2 •Biodegradable •Habitat Source
If Not Wood, what? •Avoids CO2 •Strong •Lightweight •Flexible •Diverse •Attractive •Easy to Use •Available •Inexpensive •Versatile
First Building Code If a builder build a house for some one, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built fall in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to death. If it kill the son of the owner, the son of that builder shall be put to death.
Netherlands Whole Building LCA
Germany BNB Whole Building LCA
U. K. BREAMM LCA
Belgium Embodied Impacts
France EPD
Zurich 2000-watt Society and Minergie (Eco Version)
Decarbonization – increasing polices affecting both performance and embodied impacts.
Forests And Wood 3-S Concept • Sink • Sequester • Substitute
Forests And Wood 4 3-S Concept • Sustainable • Forestry • Sink • Sequester • Substitute
Importance of Forests as Carbon Sinks Deforestation account for 20% of GHGs (IPCC 2007)
Change in Global Forest Cover 2000-2005 – FAO 2006
Winter Season -Northern Hemisphere Forests
Forest, Product and Substitution Pools (concrete frame vs wood)
Forest, Product, Emissions, Displacement & Substitution Carbon by Component Stem
Root
Crown
Litter
Dead
Chips
Lumber
HarvEmis
ManufEmis
Displacement
Substitution
800 700
500 400
with Substitution
300
with Products 200
Forest
100 0 -100 20 00 20 05 20 10 20 15 20 20 20 25 20 30 20 35 20 40 20 45 20 50 20 55 20 60 20 65 20 70 20 75 20 80 20 85 20 90 20 95 21 00 21 05 21 10 21 15 21 20 21 25 21 30 21 35 21 40 21 45 21 50 21 55 21 60 21 65
Metric Tons Per Hectare
600
Year
From the Co-Recipients of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize…
“In the long-term, a sustainable forest management strategy aimed at maintaining or increasing forest carbon stocks, while producing an annual sustained yield of timber, will generate the largest sustained mitigation benefit”. IPCC 4th Assessment Report, November, 2007, (Nabuurs et al.)
Example Study of GHG emissions of a floor structure 6m x 6m in an office building. Steel deck and Concrete Solution
?
Wood Solution
16
Steel-Concrete Solution Steel girders and steel deck with concrete slab
Quantity of materials CIRAIG Data
Potential GHG emissions Results
Concrete
Steel deck
Steel girders
Steel reinforcement
3 m3
0.4 tonnes
0.2 tonnes
0.03 tonnes
540 kg CO2
868 kg CO2
198 kg CO2
27 kg CO2
1633 kg CO2 éq.
17
Wood Solution Wood floortrusses with OSB
CIRAIG Data
Truss plates
Nails
OSB
Softwood lumber
Quantity of materials
0.05 tonnes
0.04 tonnes
75 m2
0.9 m3
Potential GHG emissions
63 kg CO2
37 kg CO2
75 kg CO2
32 kg CO2
Results
276 kg CO2 éq.
18
Whole Life Impacts – 80 Years Variablility -- 12 – 20% (15%)
Operational
Embodied
Operational Impacts
Year 0
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 1
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 5
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 10
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 12 Operational = Embodied
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 15
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 20
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 25
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 30
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 40
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 50
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 60
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 80
Embodied Impacts
BUT……
What could possibly go wrong? Maintenance Operational Efficiency Style / Ego Land Value Disaster Carbon Tipping Point ???
Cumulative benefit of avoided 1 kg CO2 emission 3.5E-13
Avoided radiative forcing (W.yr.m-2)
3E-13
2.5E-13
2E-13
1.5E-13
1E-13
5E-14
0 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Years
Net present value 1 tonne CO2 in 80 years
.24 tonne.
500
Why Passive “The best way for the planet to reduce it’s energy use is to build and retrofit every building to a passive design. Compared to all other options, doing so is the fastest, most effective and least expensive way to reduce energy.“ Diana Ürge-Vorsatz, Director of the Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Policy (3CSEP) at the Central European University Speaking at the North American Passive House Network, Vancouver, B.C. Octopber 1, 2015
Whole Life Impacts Passive Design– 80 Years 12% increase in Embodied Impact, 85% Energy Reduction
Operational
Embodied
Operational Impacts
Year 1
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 5
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 30
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 80
Embodied Impacts
Operational Impacts
Year 80
Embodied Impacts
Conventional Performing Building
CARBON CONSIDERATIONS SINK SEQUESTER SUBSTITUTE TIME OPERATIONS
Why Wood? •Carbon Sink •Renewable •Recyclable •Reusable •Organic •Cleans Air •Cleans Water •Provides O2 •Biodegradable •Habitat Source
If Not Wood, what? •Avoids CO2 •Strong •Lightweight •Flexible •Diverse •Attractive •Easy to Use •Available •Inexpensive •Versatile
