France
France Week 3 Septh 26th A “German minute” How Germans deal with their past – 2 articles: 1) Being German is huge burden 2) Germany and the Euro Budersat is allowing
France 1) understand its post war situation 2) identify its historical evolution (identify trends, the impact of the past/baggage influence what france does and wants) 3) Analyse its political institutions (past 4-5 decades) 4) Identify its place in Europe 5) Analyse contemporary debates 1)Post was situation
Great Power status Context: Understand France as people and state in Europe, teach how to be civilized how they see themselves. By the end of 2d world war france still dominates Idea of unifying Europe, what france role would be in it? France has a dominant role. One hand Germany was blamed for the war. Germany is welcome to integrate nad negotiate regain the standing. It will never be driving and dictating force. The UK is In favor of integration of Europe.its not directly involved. So naturally france is the one to take the initiative. Italy was also defeated in the war. France is not as glorious and strong as it used to be. France is weakened at that moment compared to its status in the past. Germany has to be controlled and put down and tell Germany what to do intention. NATIONAL sovereignty In tension with supernational integration In terms of integration, the position of sovereignty comes into question. Integration means the state needs to share some sovereignty with the states Issue where we stand in relation of sovereignty in integration – share or nto share. Traditional dogmas and myths 2) Institutional stability Political system since the French revolution of 1789 we cut France is not as stable when it comes to political institutions compared to US and UK Strong political conflict.
Moving to extreme left to extreme right position Ideological differences. France is shaken by political violence International standing, military defeats. Aftermath of revolution. Napoleon conquered and lost everything. Territorial gains and losses thorough Europe Lorraine region is changing hands from one or another. End of WW2 During the war France was occupied by Nazi army influenced France prestige and standard. Hitler wanted to get England, but Britain was not invaded. It has impact on France how Britain overcame France in terms of not getting invaded. Vichy France (1940-1944) Negotiated with Hitler – not good for record of France The fourth republic (1946-1958) Very strong. Parliamentary democracy gets back to normality after the war (???). Achieved 2 main things: created the right/regained for economic stability/strength & secondly reestablished previous plans of welfare, social protection/benefits. Negative side of 4sth republic - governmental instability. Ideological sector of difference, not stable government, one back to another. Independent movements of Nigerian war. Many French people had strong and direct involvement in Nigerian war. French civilians got involved, civil war. Lost Nigeria. Charles De Gaulle kept himself outside of politics but by 1957 realized France needed a change the leadership and charisma contributed to the breakdown of fourth republic and contributed to formation of the 5th republic Fifth Republic Strong presidential system Prime minister & president Presidents power are focused on external affairs/wars, he represents France in the world Prime minister is focused on domestic policies, legislation and national things President is directly elected by French people. Has to have 50% of the votes, absolute majority. 1 and 2 round till the leaser shows. Prime minister is to be assigned by national assembly Political system is very fragmented. President and prime minister may belong to different political parties. That will cause a conflict and tension, different agendas. Cohabition The president be doing external things and prime minister will be doing domestic things. President remains the dominant figure. De Gaulle was the first president. When president and prime minister belong to the same party, president makes all the decisions State0cebtrer dirigiste social economic model
More market oriented. Market is there but the state has the capacity to establish certain regulations and limits on the market. Air France – strong economic actor. Directed by the state and government. That’s has been changing (guvs role in markets) in past 50 years. But initially it is very involved in social life and market of French people In 1992 6.5 million people working for the state, great welfare program. Market capitalism economy but with state intervention – French specific model 3) France – Political Institution
Charles de Gaulle (1959-1969) Pompidou 196 Valery d’ Francois Mitterrand (socialist) Jacques Chirac (Gaullist/centre right) Nicolas Sarkozy (2007-2012) Francois Holland (2012 may) Periods when president was there- real power. COhabition 1986-1988: Mitterand socialist and PM Chirac gaullist 1993-1995: Mitternad socialist nad PM balladur gaullist 1997-2002 Chirac(Gaullist) PM Jospin (socialist)
7 to 6 years president rule was changed in (((???)))) Political Parties Left wing parties (socialist) vs right wing parties (union of popular majority UMP Socialist are still In favor of market, more central left than extreme left. Try combine free market economy and state intervention. Capitalism/socialism. Rights ones are free market Liberals Extreme parties both left and right have also been strong in Europe Largest extreme left party is in Italy Green party not willing to enter coalitions Coalition politics
4) France – its place in Europe European integration – between support and suspicion
Cases
- common agricultural part CAP(1962) France ensured they were subsidies for agriculture in Germany for industrial needs small farmers, subsidies kept prices low but guarantee decent income to those farmers. Money is coming form taxes from imports, coming to whole European integration (6 members) create single free market why French farmers are important. European commission and parliament were involved in The development to create single market was ahead of schedule -the empty chair crisis(1965) -the British application (1963-1969) UK European free trade, reduced taxes 1960 special relationship UK & US UK is a member of EU that means US is also a member, its interest and agenda is represented through UK 1969 russell
France 1) understand its post war situation 2) identify its historical evolution (identify trends, the impact of the past/baggage influence what france does and wants) 3) Analyse its political institutions (past 4-5 decades) 4) Identify its place in Europe 5) Analyse contemporary debates 1)Post was situation
Great Power status Context: Understand France as people and state in Europe, teach how to be civilized how they see themselves. By the end of 2d world war france still dominates Idea of unifying Europe, what france role would be in it? France has a dominant role. One hand Germany was blamed for the war. Germany is welcome to integrate nad negotiate regain the standing. It will never be driving and dictating force. The UK is In favor of integration of Europe.its not directly involved. So naturally france is the one to take the initiative. Italy was also defeated in the war. France is not as glorious and strong as it used to be. France is weakened at that moment compared to its status in the past. Germany has to be controlled and put down and tell Germany what to do intention. NATIONAL sovereignty In tension with supernational integration In terms of integration, the position of sovereignty comes into question. Integration means the state needs to share some sovereignty with the states Issue where we stand in relation of sovereignty in integration – share or nto share. Traditional dogmas and myths 2) Institutional stability Political system since the French revolution of 1789 we cut France is not as stable when it comes to political institutions compared to US and UK Strong political conflict.
Moving to extreme left to extreme right position Ideological differences. France is shaken by political violence International standing, military defeats. Aftermath of revolution. Napoleon conquered and lost everything. Territorial gains and losses thorough Europe Lorraine region is changing hands from one or another. End of WW2 During the war France was occupied by Nazi army influenced France prestige and standard. Hitler wanted to get England, but Britain was not invaded. It has impact on France how Britain overcame France in terms of not getting invaded. Vichy France (1940-1944) Negotiated with Hitler – not good for record of France The fourth republic (1946-1958) Very strong. Parliamentary democracy gets back to normality after the war (???). Achieved 2 main things: created the right/regained for economic stability/strength & secondly reestablished previous plans of welfare, social protection/benefits. Negative side of 4sth republic - governmental instability. Ideological sector of difference, not stable government, one back to another. Independent movements of Nigerian war. Many French people had strong and direct involvement in Nigerian war. French civilians got involved, civil war. Lost Nigeria. Charles De Gaulle kept himself outside of politics but by 1957 realized France needed a change the leadership and charisma contributed to the breakdown of fourth republic and contributed to formation of the 5th republic Fifth Republic Strong presidential system Prime minister & president Presidents power are focused on external affairs/wars, he represents France in the world Prime minister is focused on domestic policies, legislation and national things President is directly elected by French people. Has to have 50% of the votes, absolute majority. 1 and 2 round till the leaser shows. Prime minister is to be assigned by national assembly Political system is very fragmented. President and prime minister may belong to different political parties. That will cause a conflict and tension, different agendas. Cohabition The president be doing external things and prime minister will be doing domestic things. President remains the dominant figure. De Gaulle was the first president. When president and prime minister belong to the same party, president makes all the decisions State0cebtrer dirigiste social economic model
More market oriented. Market is there but the state has the capacity to establish certain regulations and limits on the market. Air France – strong economic actor. Directed by the state and government. That’s has been changing (guvs role in markets) in past 50 years. But initially it is very involved in social life and market of French people In 1992 6.5 million people working for the state, great welfare program. Market capitalism economy but with state intervention – French specific model 3) France – Political Institution
Charles de Gaulle (1959-1969) Pompidou 196 Valery d’ Francois Mitterrand (socialist) Jacques Chirac (Gaullist/centre right) Nicolas Sarkozy (2007-2012) Francois Holland (2012 may) Periods when president was there- real power. COhabition 1986-1988: Mitterand socialist and PM Chirac gaullist 1993-1995: Mitternad socialist nad PM balladur gaullist 1997-2002 Chirac(Gaullist) PM Jospin (socialist)
7 to 6 years president rule was changed in (((???)))) Political Parties Left wing parties (socialist) vs right wing parties (union of popular majority UMP Socialist are still In favor of market, more central left than extreme left. Try combine free market economy and state intervention. Capitalism/socialism. Rights ones are free market Liberals Extreme parties both left and right have also been strong in Europe Largest extreme left party is in Italy Green party not willing to enter coalitions Coalition politics
4) France – its place in Europe European integration – between support and suspicion
Cases
- common agricultural part CAP(1962) France ensured they were subsidies for agriculture in Germany for industrial needs small farmers, subsidies kept prices low but guarantee decent income to those farmers. Money is coming form taxes from imports, coming to whole European integration (6 members) create single free market why French farmers are important. European commission and parliament were involved in The development to create single market was ahead of schedule -the empty chair crisis(1965) -the British application (1963-1969) UK European free trade, reduced taxes 1960 special relationship UK & US UK is a member of EU that means US is also a member, its interest and agenda is represented through UK 1969 russell
