GCE Geography A Unit 2 - Geographical Skills Question Paper ...
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For Examiner’s Use
Candidate Number
Surname Other Names Examiner’s Initials
Candidate Signature
Question
General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination January 2009
Geography Unit 2
Mark
1 2 TOTAL
GEOG2
Geographical Skills
Monday 12 January 2009
9.00 am to 10.00 am
You will need no other materials. You may use a calculator.
Time allowed 1 hour Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Use pencil only for drawing. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written in margins or on blank pages will not be marked. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 50. You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice Where appropriate, credit will be given for the use of diagrams to illustrate answers and where reference is made to your personal investigative work. You are advised to allocate your time carefully.
(JAN09GEOG201)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
6/6/6
GEOG2
2
Areas outside the box will not be scanned for marking
Answer all questions.
1
(a) Study Figure 1, a choropleth map which shows the population density of China’s mainland provinces in 2000. Figure 1 Approximate scale 0
N
500 km
Heilongjiang
Jilin Liaoning Xinjiang
Beijing
Inner Mongolia Tianjin
Hebei Shanxi
Shandong Ningxia
Qinghai Gansu
Jiangsu Henan
Shaanxi
Shanghai
Anhui
Tibet Hubei Sichuan
Zhejiang Chongqing Jiangxi
Hunan
Key Population per km2
Fujian
Guizhou
400 +
Yunnan
300 – 399
Guangxi
Guangdong Hong Kong
200 – 299 100 – 199 0 – 99
1
(a)
(i) Complete the choropleth map by adding the following data. Province
Population density (people per km2)
Hunan
306
Shaanxi
173 (2 marks)
(02)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
3 1
(a)
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(ii) Describe the pattern of population density now shown in Figure 1. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. (4 marks)
Question 1 continues on the next page
(03)
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(b) Study Figure 2a, which illustrates the Demographic Transition Model, and Figure 2b, selected population data for China. Figure 2a
Stage
1
2
3
4
5
High fluctuating
Early expanding Birth rate
Late expanding
Low fluctuating
Declining
40 Death rate Birth 30 and death rates 20 (per 1000 people per year) 10
Natural increase Natural decrease Total population
0 Birth rate Death rate Natural increase
High High Falling Falls rapidly Falls more slowly High Stable population Very rapid increase Increase slows or slow increase down
Low Low Stable population or slow increase
Very low Low Slow decrease
Figure 2b Date
Birth rate (per 1000 people per year)
Death rate (per 1000 people per year)
Total population growth rate (percentage)
1997
16.52
6.87
0.93
2007
13.45
7.00
0.61
(04)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
5 1
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(b) Using evidence provided in Figures 2a and 2b, suggest the theoretical stage China had reached in the Demographic Transition Model in 2007 and explain your answer. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... (4 marks)
Question 1 continues on the next page
(05)
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(c) Study Figures 3a and 3b which show China’s population structure in 2000 and that predicted for 2050. Figure 3a – 2000
1
Figure 3b – 2050 (predicted)
Age category
Age category
80 + 75 – 79 70 – 74 65 – 69 60 – 64 55 – 59 50 – 54 45 – 49 40 – 44 35 – 39 30 – 34 25 – 29 20 – 24 15 – 19 10 – 14 5–9 0–4 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 % males % females
80 + 75 – 79 70 – 74 65 – 69 60 – 64 55 – 59 50 – 54 45 – 49 40 – 44 35 – 39 30 – 34 25 – 29 20 – 24 15 – 19 10 – 14 5–9 0–4 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 % males % females
(c)
(i) Complete Figures 3a and 3b by adding the following information. Date
Gender
Age group
Percentage
2000
Male
10–14
10.0
2050 (predicted)
Female
60–64
7.5 (2 marks)
(06)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
7 1
(c)
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(ii) Referring to Figures 3a and 3b, describe how and suggest reasons why the population structure is forecast to change between the two dates. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. (6 marks) (Extra space) .......................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................
Question 1 continues on the next page
(07)
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(d) Study Figure 4 which outlines issues facing the Chinese government with regard to population change. Figure 4 Only 25 years ago, China was concerned it had too many children to support. Today, however, China faces the opposite problem: as a result of the success of its “one-child” policy, the country faces the prospect of having too few children to support a rapidly ageing population. The dramatic fertility decline and improved longevity over the past two decades are causing China’s population to age at one of the fastest rates ever recorded, accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of chronic disease and disability in the elderly population. Meeting the health and long-term care needs of this growing elderly population will result in soaring health care costs – and with a shrinking working-age population to help pay the bill. China has made vast improvements in health over the past five decades, with life expectancy at birth increasing by two-thirds from 40.8 to 71.5 between 1955 and 2005. The country already has about 102 million elderly (those aged 65 and over), or over one-fifth of the world’s elderly population, and the percentage of elderly in China is projected to triple from 8 percent to 24 percent between 2006 and 2050, to a total number of 322 million. The rate of increase in health care costs has already exceeded the growth of the national economy and individual earnings. Long-term care for the elderly, traditionally provided at home in China by adult children (especially by daughters-in-law), will become increasingly less feasible in coming decades when parents of the first generation of the one-child policy start reaching old age and retiring.
(08)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
9 1
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(d) Outline and comment on the social and economic issues highlighted in Figure 4. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... (7 marks) (Extra space) ................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................
––– 25 Turn over for the next question
(09)
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S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
10
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2 You have experienced geography fieldwork as part of the course. Use this experience to answer the following questions. 2
(a) Explain the geographical concept, process or theory that underpinned your fieldwork enquiry. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... (4 marks)
(10)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
11 2
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(b) How did you respond to risks associated with undertaking your primary data collection? .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... (4 marks)
Question 2 continues on the next page
(11)
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12 2
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(c) Outline and justify one method of data collection that you used in your enquiry. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... (6 marks) (Extra space) ................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................
(12)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
13 2
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(d) With the aid of a sketch diagram, describe one technique that you used to present data in your enquiry.
.......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... (6 marks)
Question 2 continues on the next page
(13)
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S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
14 2
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(e) Making specific reference to your results, suggest how your enquiry could be improved. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... (5 marks) (Extra space) ................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................
––– 25 END OF QUESTIONS
(14)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
15 There are no questions printed on this page
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
(15)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
16 There are no questions printed on this page
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT-HOLDERS AND PUBLISHERS Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future papers if notified. Question 1 Figure 1: Question 1 Figure 2a:
By courtesy of www.ChinaToday.com Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from Key Geography for GCSE New Edition Book 1, David Waugh, ISBN 0-7487-3603-4, first published in 1998 Question 1 Figure 2b: Data for 1997: 1997 World Factbook Data for 2007: CIA The World Factbook Question 1 Figures 3a, 3b & 4: Source: Population Reference Bureau United Nations, information downloaded 14.2.08 Copyright © 2009 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
(16)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
For Examiner’s Use
Candidate Number
Surname Other Names Examiner’s Initials
Candidate Signature
Question
General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination January 2009
Geography Unit 2
Mark
1 2 TOTAL
GEOG2
Geographical Skills
Monday 12 January 2009
9.00 am to 10.00 am
You will need no other materials. You may use a calculator.
Time allowed 1 hour Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Use pencil only for drawing. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written in margins or on blank pages will not be marked. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 50. You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice Where appropriate, credit will be given for the use of diagrams to illustrate answers and where reference is made to your personal investigative work. You are advised to allocate your time carefully.
(JAN09GEOG201)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
6/6/6
GEOG2
2
Areas outside the box will not be scanned for marking
Answer all questions.
1
(a) Study Figure 1, a choropleth map which shows the population density of China’s mainland provinces in 2000. Figure 1 Approximate scale 0
N
500 km
Heilongjiang
Jilin Liaoning Xinjiang
Beijing
Inner Mongolia Tianjin
Hebei Shanxi
Shandong Ningxia
Qinghai Gansu
Jiangsu Henan
Shaanxi
Shanghai
Anhui
Tibet Hubei Sichuan
Zhejiang Chongqing Jiangxi
Hunan
Key Population per km2
Fujian
Guizhou
400 +
Yunnan
300 – 399
Guangxi
Guangdong Hong Kong
200 – 299 100 – 199 0 – 99
1
(a)
(i) Complete the choropleth map by adding the following data. Province
Population density (people per km2)
Hunan
306
Shaanxi
173 (2 marks)
(02)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
3 1
(a)
Areas outside the box will not be scanned for marking
(ii) Describe the pattern of population density now shown in Figure 1. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. (4 marks)
Question 1 continues on the next page
(03)
▲
Turn over
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
4 1
Areas outside the box will not be scanned for marking
(b) Study Figure 2a, which illustrates the Demographic Transition Model, and Figure 2b, selected population data for China. Figure 2a
Stage
1
2
3
4
5
High fluctuating
Early expanding Birth rate
Late expanding
Low fluctuating
Declining
40 Death rate Birth 30 and death rates 20 (per 1000 people per year) 10
Natural increase Natural decrease Total population
0 Birth rate Death rate Natural increase
High High Falling Falls rapidly Falls more slowly High Stable population Very rapid increase Increase slows or slow increase down
Low Low Stable population or slow increase
Very low Low Slow decrease
Figure 2b Date
Birth rate (per 1000 people per year)
Death rate (per 1000 people per year)
Total population growth rate (percentage)
1997
16.52
6.87
0.93
2007
13.45
7.00
0.61
(04)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
5 1
Areas outside the box will not be scanned for marking
(b) Using evidence provided in Figures 2a and 2b, suggest the theoretical stage China had reached in the Demographic Transition Model in 2007 and explain your answer. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... (4 marks)
Question 1 continues on the next page
(05)
▲
Turn over
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
6 1
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(c) Study Figures 3a and 3b which show China’s population structure in 2000 and that predicted for 2050. Figure 3a – 2000
1
Figure 3b – 2050 (predicted)
Age category
Age category
80 + 75 – 79 70 – 74 65 – 69 60 – 64 55 – 59 50 – 54 45 – 49 40 – 44 35 – 39 30 – 34 25 – 29 20 – 24 15 – 19 10 – 14 5–9 0–4 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 % males % females
80 + 75 – 79 70 – 74 65 – 69 60 – 64 55 – 59 50 – 54 45 – 49 40 – 44 35 – 39 30 – 34 25 – 29 20 – 24 15 – 19 10 – 14 5–9 0–4 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 % males % females
(c)
(i) Complete Figures 3a and 3b by adding the following information. Date
Gender
Age group
Percentage
2000
Male
10–14
10.0
2050 (predicted)
Female
60–64
7.5 (2 marks)
(06)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
7 1
(c)
Areas outside the box will not be scanned for marking
(ii) Referring to Figures 3a and 3b, describe how and suggest reasons why the population structure is forecast to change between the two dates. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. (6 marks) (Extra space) .......................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................
Question 1 continues on the next page
(07)
▲
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S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
8 1
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(d) Study Figure 4 which outlines issues facing the Chinese government with regard to population change. Figure 4 Only 25 years ago, China was concerned it had too many children to support. Today, however, China faces the opposite problem: as a result of the success of its “one-child” policy, the country faces the prospect of having too few children to support a rapidly ageing population. The dramatic fertility decline and improved longevity over the past two decades are causing China’s population to age at one of the fastest rates ever recorded, accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of chronic disease and disability in the elderly population. Meeting the health and long-term care needs of this growing elderly population will result in soaring health care costs – and with a shrinking working-age population to help pay the bill. China has made vast improvements in health over the past five decades, with life expectancy at birth increasing by two-thirds from 40.8 to 71.5 between 1955 and 2005. The country already has about 102 million elderly (those aged 65 and over), or over one-fifth of the world’s elderly population, and the percentage of elderly in China is projected to triple from 8 percent to 24 percent between 2006 and 2050, to a total number of 322 million. The rate of increase in health care costs has already exceeded the growth of the national economy and individual earnings. Long-term care for the elderly, traditionally provided at home in China by adult children (especially by daughters-in-law), will become increasingly less feasible in coming decades when parents of the first generation of the one-child policy start reaching old age and retiring.
(08)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
9 1
Areas outside the box will not be scanned for marking
(d) Outline and comment on the social and economic issues highlighted in Figure 4. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... (7 marks) (Extra space) ................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................
––– 25 Turn over for the next question
(09)
▲
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S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
10
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2 You have experienced geography fieldwork as part of the course. Use this experience to answer the following questions. 2
(a) Explain the geographical concept, process or theory that underpinned your fieldwork enquiry. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... (4 marks)
(10)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
11 2
Areas outside the box will not be scanned for marking
(b) How did you respond to risks associated with undertaking your primary data collection? .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... (4 marks)
Question 2 continues on the next page
(11)
▲
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S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
12 2
Areas outside the box will not be scanned for marking
(c) Outline and justify one method of data collection that you used in your enquiry. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... (6 marks) (Extra space) ................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................
(12)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
13 2
Areas outside the box will not be scanned for marking
(d) With the aid of a sketch diagram, describe one technique that you used to present data in your enquiry.
.......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... (6 marks)
Question 2 continues on the next page
(13)
▲
Turn over
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
14 2
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(e) Making specific reference to your results, suggest how your enquiry could be improved. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... (5 marks) (Extra space) ................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................
––– 25 END OF QUESTIONS
(14)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
15 There are no questions printed on this page
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(15)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
16 There are no questions printed on this page
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT-HOLDERS AND PUBLISHERS Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future papers if notified. Question 1 Figure 1: Question 1 Figure 2a:
By courtesy of www.ChinaToday.com Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from Key Geography for GCSE New Edition Book 1, David Waugh, ISBN 0-7487-3603-4, first published in 1998 Question 1 Figure 2b: Data for 1997: 1997 World Factbook Data for 2007: CIA The World Factbook Question 1 Figures 3a, 3b & 4: Source: Population Reference Bureau United Nations, information downloaded 14.2.08 Copyright © 2009 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
(16)
S1089-042-1/Jan09/GEOG2
